RURAL. 
) PRICE SIX CENTS 
1 S‘i.50 l’Elt YEAR. 
rEntered according to Act of Congress, in tlie year 1.W3, by l>. T). t. Mooitr 
in tlio office of the Lilmu'ian of Congrea*. nt Washington.] 
giving a wall of medium strength and little stretch a Ik 
hydraulic energy, and requiring a rough-cast olio mold t 
outside for protection; 1 ft to 20 parts sand Scaffolding 
and gravel to 1 of cement being tlie propor- .ho wall. 1 
tions U»Od. (1 p (;j 1( 
(»ravel 8 parts, and lime or «ement 1 part, for the opet 
have been used, the proportion of gravel Bonds she 
being aa high in some cases as 12 parts. long altem 
Concrete Walls may be constructed easily, on finish ; a 
with a hollow' space by inserting a wooden plates 2 x I 
There may be substituted for a portion of 
the gravel large pebbles, pieces of stone, and 
broken brick. The sand and lime or cement 
form the cementing substance which binds 
the muss together, and should be thoroughly 
worked together with the gravel and stone, 
as they are thus made to resist greater press¬ 
ure and wear. Sand should be taken from 
the pit with only a minimum of loam or 
earth. The gravel need not generally be 
WEEKS’ BUTTER FACTORY 
A correspondent asks us for a plan of an 
approved butter factory. We give a perspect¬ 
ive view and plan, which we published in 
Tract ical Dairy Husbandl y, it is the factory 
of U. B. Weeks, and is quite as well adapted, 
by its arrangement, to cheese making as to 
butter making. The plau explains itself, and 
requires no description. The upper story of 
the factory is for a cheese-curing room, and 
may be divided off for other pu eposes if de¬ 
sired. It is regarded us one of t lie most con¬ 
venient of any of the modern built establish¬ 
ments. 
AaT IHPjreHO IN. Uil OMSUfjFACL 
SPfifUB 
JJOF* 
TABLt; 2XWF- 
sxior 
HO IN 
2 xi or 
!0!N 
CONCRETE BUILDINGS 
above the roof with terracotta or brick 
shafts. If it is designed to have a cellar, foot¬ 
ings of concrete must bo carried 12 in. below 
the cellar bottom, and projet tod a in. on each 
side of the superstructure walls. The trehch- 
es should be excavated the exact size and 
filled With concrete, and the earth back of 
the foundations taken off 5 or 6 in. to facili¬ 
tate the use of the molds, mid allow room 
to set ami remove them. After the. walls are 
completed, and before they are thoroughly 
dry, if it is desired to give the walls a lligldy 
finished appearance, the protrusions of con¬ 
crete at the junction of the molds can be 
leveled with the trowel, and a thin coat of 
rough-east ol' sharp screened sand three parts 
and cement one part, plain or colored, can be 
laid over the tui rface and floated evenly down. 
If the walls are to be left plain or without the 
exterior coat, the protrusions on the surface 
must be removed, and the floating of the 
surface carried on as the walls are built up. 
A second mode of building a concrete well 
I.UIIO SINK OK CAS WHS 
WOE PA 5SACHS 
Mb. D._ T. Atwood, Architect, describes 
the most successful and economical method 
of making good concrete, where the locality 
supplies sand und gravel:—In the case of a 
medium si 2 e building, two stories high, plan 
to build the wall 12 in. thick; construct 
molds of rough or 2 in. plunk, about 8 ft. 
long, 12 in. wide, and 12 in. deep. If a num¬ 
ber of piers arc likely to occur, between 
doors and windows, less than the length of a 
mold in breadth, then construct some 
shorter molds to accommodate these piers 
as nearly as possible, secure the molds to¬ 
gether, and in their proper position, by fast¬ 
ening the four lower corners with % in. 
wrought iron rods with screw thread and 
nuts on the outer ends, to turn upon the out¬ 
side faces of the plank, until they are ad¬ 
justed to the thickness of wuU. Secure the 
tops with iron holdfasts of ' , X 1 in. wrought 
iron, to fit down over the top edges of the 
plank, and made somewhat like a shoemak¬ 
er’s measuring rule with one end to adjust 
to any thickness of wall, 
the sliding foot fastened 
by an iron pin from be- , 3 
hind and passing thro’ - _ -- 
the horizontal arm, as ISs". _ v :~ 
shown in the annexed 
The mold is disen- r~ - 
gaged after the wall has 
ing off the npts at the 
bottom on one side, and ' ~ - - 
lifting up the clamps 
at the top, the rods being 
drawn out ®f the wail ! 
in removing the other 
side of the mold. 
The concrete may be 
fixed near the building 
on the ground, or in the |1 e 
building in a rough mor- tv.- ■ 
tar box of sufficient ca- *T , TTjlF ii (F , B 
pacity to hold an extra ff|kjj3§| j |' 1 1 T 
■ ^ I i; 
parts; cement, 1 part. 
Ffieses 
'xiar 
SX10F 
tott* 
hoiuhmfngm 
HOOM 
GROUND PLAN OF WEEKS’ BUTTER 
screened. Cement is better to mix with than core iy t or 
lime, as it produces a concrete or more hy- [ wall enclose 
draulic energy, and makes the walls less it with the i 
absorbent of moisture. Limes denominated all the advai 
pour, and possessing a proportion of silica Door and , 
and iron, are nearly as good as Roman, Rosen- wnrtpr1 . 
dale, or Portland cements. worked up L 
principal eo 
A much larger proportion of sand and carried up 
gravel lias been employed with the same pro- and staylath 
and Si to 80 in. long, 
with hollows in the 
middle of each, or in the 
form of a common 
brick, and laid with 
stretcher or header 
courses. The ingredi¬ 
ents may be the sum 2 
as for agglomerated 
concrete, and made in 
the same proportions. 
The mass should be 
mixed or ground to¬ 
gether in such a man¬ 
ner that the lime be 
brought mechanically in 
contact with the par¬ 
ticles of sand, using as 
little water as possible ; 
and after acquiring the 
snv.A^lH^l ,: R 
