of the distance,” The use of such large pipe 
would increase the cost to such an extent 
that I would be unable to use it. Would like 
to hear from those who have had experience 
in the matter. It will be a descent all the 
way where l wish to bring the water. I sup¬ 
posed water would seek its level in all cases. 
If there are those who know of water being 
MICE GIRDLING TREES 
Miorinitturat 
MY EXPERIENCE WITH DARK BRAHMAS 
HEDGE MAKING 
Chacn'CEY Jones wants to know the best I 
mode of putting down hedge in order to 
make a good fence, and writes:—‘‘Shall I 
hack it down or braid it without hacking; or 
cat it off at the ground to make it thicken 
up on the bottom 7’ Mr. Jones does not tell 
us what kind of hedge it is—whether Osage 
Orange, Honey Locust, Barberry, or what! 
It' it is Osage Orange, it may be plashed and 
makes a good fence ; but we should prefer 
cutting it close to the ground, if there is a 
good stand of plants—that is, cut it below all 
buds on the stems. This will result in forc¬ 
ing up shoots all around the stems of nearly 
equal size and vigor, which will spread in all 
directions and completely till the hedge row 
at the base. It is important, the plants should 
be cut off below the buds : for if not these 
buds will throw up stronger shoots which 
will weaken others that, may lie developed in 
addition. Then, if the growth is very vigor¬ 
ous after this first, cutting, as first described, 
the hedge should be cut a second time about 
the last ol’ June—not later—four to six inches 
above the ground. The first cutting should 
be done at once. 
Cl. B. Bauds has eighty rods of Osage Or¬ 
ange planted last spring, and asks the best 
time to trim it. We would not advise you to 
cut it this spring unless of remarkably strong 
growth. Let it grow until two years old 
and then cut it as above directed, and in the 
end you will get a better hedge—at least that 
is the result of our experience and obser¬ 
vation. 
MONOGRAM. 
brought the distance of one-half mile, or far¬ 
ther, in one-half inch, live-eighth or three- 
fourth inch pipe, I wish they would report 
and very much oblige an old subscriber to 
your paper, d. b. e. 
HOW TO START A SIPHON 
A correspondent of the N. Y. Tribune 
says :—If the siphon is bent up at each end 
from four to six inches, and a short pipe at¬ 
tached at the highest point, and the ends 
stopped up, the pipe can be filled with water. 
When filled, stop the short pipe tight, then 
open the upper and lower 
JERSEY RED SWINE 
A correspondent says he has been looking 
for information concerning Jersey Bed swine, 
an inquiry for such information having been 
published in the Rural New-Yorker lust 
season. In response, we publish the report 
made at the National Swrne Breeders’ Con¬ 
vention, last fall, concerning these hogs. The 
report says: 
The positive origin of this family of swine 
is unknown. They have been bred in por¬ 
tions of the State of New Jersey for upward 
ends, and the 
water will flow without a pump to start it. 
Let the discharge at the lower end be only 
about one-third the size of the pipe. If it 
ever stop, start it as before, by the short 
pipe, which can be covered up with a tight 
box out of sight, or buried up from frost. 
The editor, commenting on the above says: 
There is no necessity for bending the ends. 
Small cocks that can be turned by thumb and 
finger are the best devices for stopping the 
ends of the siphon—and thq perpendicular 
branch at the summit should also have acock 
—and above it a funnel to turn in the water 
to fill the siphon its whole length, which hav¬ 
ing been done, close the cock at the summit 
and open those at the ends, and the water 
will start and run. This plan is a good one, 
wherever the fountain of supply remains of 
such uniform bight of surface as to have the 
means of opening the receiving end of the 
siphon, and not have it too deeply covered 
with water to be reached. Wells that are 
used to supply siphons often fill up when the 
drain is no longer runuiug. In such eases the 
cock at the receiving cud of the siphon could 
have a small rod connected with it, the upper 
end of it always being above the highest 
water in the well. We append a simple draw 
ing of such a siphon as would embrace the 
good point s of our correspondent’s letter, im¬ 
proved as we have proposed. 
Since writing the foregoing, we have come 
across a recent article by W. H. Mann, Gil¬ 
man, 111., one of the most experienced hedge 
growers in the country, whose experience 
and opinions wo should value more thaiiour 
Own, and we give them place here for the 
benefit of our correspondents. He says ol' 
training the hedge ;—“ It has been demon¬ 
strated beyond a doubt that t his clipping a nd 
shortening-in process from its Infancy, (that 
was so universally recommended a few. years 
since) is not t he prope r way to trout a hedge. 
Most hedges so treated ha ve the appearance, 
when not in foliage, of standing on stilts, and 
make but poor barriers against hogs and 
sheep. Many farmers seem quite indifferent 
on this point, however, us hogs arc not al¬ 
lowed the liberty of t he streets; yet would 
there not be much groin saved after the 
wheat or corn is harvested, by pasturing the 
stubble or stalk field with hogs ' ling-proof 
fences arc necessary to keep hogs in if not 
out. All the trimming that is required while 
the plants arc young is an occasional clipping 
of the overgrown shoots, which should be 
done late in June in order to check them, so 
as to obtain uniformity of growth.” 
On the subject of plashing he says :—This 
should not be done until tlie hedge ri five or 
six years old, when it will be from ten to 
twelve feet high, and the plants from I to 
2 inches in diameter at the base. A firm, 
solid foundation must be had if you expect a 
substantial, lasting fence; and if plashed 
while the plants arc little more than switches 
this will not be had. Before plashing, which 
may be done in mild weather in winter or 
early spring—before the sap starts—trim the 
sides of the hedge with a hedge-dasher or 
corn knife, to two feet in width. With a 
light, sharp hatchet cut the pla nt about Half 
off' at the collar or at the yellow bark. Be 
careful to cut low. Begin at one end, press¬ 
ing back the plants as you out them, leaving 
about every fifth or sixth plant. Cut it off 
three or four foot high; weave others down 
in them, pressing down so they will not rise 
up. Be careful not to hack or cut the plants 
any deeper than necessary to prevent them 
from raising up. When through, gatheii and 
burn all brush, unless ir, is needed to patch up 
old fences, for which it answers an excellent 
purpose. A hedge thus treated will throw 
up numerous shoots from the stump and 
along the trunk, which, with rhe part laid 
down, will make a perfect net-work of thorns. 
Many of the unsightly bush-rows, designed 
for hedges when set, may yet be made passa^ 
ble fences by the above treatment. 
pounds weight being common. Mr. David 
LETT ITT of Salem. Co., N. J., lias known of 
these hogs for thirty years, and Mr. D. M. 
Brown of Windsor, for nearly fifty years. 
They are now extensively bred in the middle 
and southern portions of New Jersey. In 
some neighborhoods they are bred quite luri- 
form, being of a dark red color, while in 
other sections they are more sandy, and often 
patched with white ; they are, probably, de- 
Bcendeuts from the old importations of Bcrk- 
shircs, as there is no record of the Tamworth, 
the red hogs of England, ever haring been 
brought into this country ; nor is this likely, 
a- the Tamworth Were not considered a valu¬ 
able breed, and were confined to a limited 
breeding. The Reds resemble the old Berk- 
shires in many respects, but are now much 
coarser than the improved swine of this 
breed. 
A good specimen of a Jersey Red should be 
red in color, with a snout of moderate length, 
large lop ears, small head, in proportion to 
t he size and length of the body, standing high 
and rangy on thin legs ; bone coarse, heavy 
ROUP IN FOWLS 
II. B., Beverly, O., is informed that his 
fowls undoubtedly arc troubled with roup. 
Those affected should at once be separated 
from the rest and kept In a warm and dry 
place. Then strip a leather to within half or 
three-fourths of the end, dip it in nitric acid 
and thrust it into the nostril of the sick bird, 
giving it a twist while in. Do this two or 
three times a day, removing the burnt scab 
before applying the acid. Three or four ap¬ 
plications generally cure. 
An English remedy is separation and con¬ 
finement as above ; a tablespoonful of castor 
oil every morning, fed with soft food only, 
mixed with ale and chopped vegetables. It 
is also recommended to wash the head, eyes 
and inside of the mouth and nostrils with 
vinegar, it being very cleansing. 
A, strainer below cock, and to be made of 
sheet copper. B, cock connected by rod D 
to handle at top of well. C, funnel and cock 
to fill pipe. E, cock at discharging end of 
siphon. F, and G, top of pit to reach funnel 
and rod to lower cook. This pit should be 
walled up and covered, and yet easy of access 
at all seasons of the year. 
PIG-PEN PAPERS 
PIPE FOR WATER. 
Light Piys Mosl Profitable .—At a late 
meeting of the Orleans County Farmers’ Club 
several members said our markets were bet¬ 
ter for light weight pigs than for heavy. 
One speaker advocated keeping plenty of 
breeding sows, raising early spring pigs and 
selling them early in the fall, 
Diarrhea in Piys.—H. W. F. should give 
farinaceous (that is, meal and flour) food, 
which will often stop the trouble. If not, a 
little prepared chalk, in milk, will generally 
doit. We shall be glad to receive remedies 
from men of experience, 
I wish to bring water one-half mile for my 
stock. Was intending to use one-half inch or 
three-fourth inch lead pipe. But I saw an 
article in February number of American 
Agriculturist, which if true, spoils my calcu- 
lations. It is stated there that to bring water 
the distance of one thousand yards, “ the pipe 
needs to be of large caliber, or the friction 
overcomes the force expended and no w r ator 
will escape at the outlet. The first one-thou¬ 
sand feet should bo of one and one-half inches 
in diameter and one inch for the remainder 
DIFFERENCE IN HATCHING 
I am a farmer’s daughter, and a reader of 
your good paper. I 'set three hens on the 
same day, expecting, if the eggs did not hatch 
well, 1 would give all the chicken* to one hen; 
and one of them hatched exactly three w eeks, 
to a day ; the other two did not do so well, as 
some of their eggs hatched four or live days 
after the first. So, please, will some of the 
kind readers of your paper tell me the cause 
of the difference in their hatching i Also, 
inform me how to preserve and stuff a bird- 
gkin with feathers on it, m. e, m, 
PEACH BUDS KILLED 
A correspondent at Westport, Conn., asks 
some of the readers of the Rural to tell 
now many degrees of cold peach buds will 
stand before the fruit buds are killed. They 
are all killed with him—the mercury mark¬ 
ing at times as low as twenty-four degrees 
below zero. 
/VP 
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