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VOL. XXVII. No. ‘21.1 
YVnOT/E No. tiir. V 
( l’RICK SIX CENTS 
1 #3.50 I’Elt YEAR. 
[Entered according to Act of Congress, in the yoar 1373, by D. D. T. Moouw, in the office of (bo Librarian of Congress, at Washington.] 
generally practiced there. The country is 
hilly, and some of the best pastures are 
greatly exposed to the storms of wind and 
rain so frequent in the autumn and winter 
months. Farm-yards with sufficient accom¬ 
modation for breeding and feeding, after the 
English fashion, are extremely rare. 
Mr. Morgan says :—“Taking into account 
the climate, soil, and average homestead ac¬ 
commodation in the country, the Pembroke¬ 
shire cattle can be bred and fed cheaper than 
Short-Horns or Here fords. Surely an ungen- 
ial climate must tend to increase tho expense 
of keeping a beast. Wintering cattle is dear¬ 
er than letting them run the Helds in sum¬ 
mer. The more cultivated and delicate breed 
are under the disadvantage in Pembrokeshire 
of having to be housed a fortnight or throe 
weeks earlier than the blacks, ami they must 
be kept in later for about the same period ill 
the spring. This make* a, material difference 
in the estimate of cost for the year, where 
there is a mixed system of dairying, breed¬ 
ing, and feeding carried on. There nail be 
little doubt that, in tire district under notice, 
a herd of black cAws can be kept fifteen per 
cent, cheaper than an equal number of Short- 
llorns, and still yield as much butter or 
cheese—two articles that form an important 
item in the rent-producing power of the 
Welsh farmer. Capitalists holding sheltered 
and luxuriant pastures, having extensive 
farm buildings, and who aim at producing 
large, prime fat boasts, may there, as else¬ 
where, keep Short-ilorna to greater advan¬ 
tage 11 urn any other breeds; but persons of 
limited menus Living on poor land and with 
small farm-yards, cannot do better, I think, 
than retain and cultivate the indigenous 
breed of the country. I hold there is no mid¬ 
dle course ; either Blacks or Short-Horns.' 7 
The color of the Pembrokeshire breed is 
black. The horns are of great, leugtb, white 
tipped with black, wide-spreading and curv¬ 
ing upwards. The head is of medium length, 
longer than the West Highlands, and some¬ 
what longer than the Devons, approaching 
the Herofords or tlu> improved Sussex in 
form. The nose is small, and the neck fine, 
with little tendency to the “ throat in ess” 
observable in some breeds. The eyes are 
P> •eminent, but without the untameable 
gleam of the West Highland or Chillingham 
Cattle, domestication having removed any 
ufsicial traits of wildness and of ferocity, 
flie coat long, not straight like the Highland 
cattle, bub wavy, or somelf tries curly. The 
forehead is broad. The tail is of good long) h. 
These may be said to be some of tho chief 
characteristics of the Pembrokeshire breed 
in contra-distinction to other well-known 
cuttle, although it does not very correctly 
represent the typo aimed at by the breeders 
generally. For instance, in Wales, no more 
than elsewhere is a white hom considered 
the beat, but a yellow, mellow and oily-look¬ 
ing horn, having the unction mark of a 
predisposition to fatten— a hum in which the 
black extends more than a lew iuchcs below 
tho tips, or one that has a hard blue color 
throughout—is to bo condemned. Several 
writers have remarked on the color of the 
skin as being of on orange yellow, and the 
coat on the barest parts of tho body as being 
of a brownish hue. fclomo of tho best breed¬ 
ers in Pembrokeshire are careful to maintain 
this characteristic in their herds. This, along 
with a yellow horn and a wavy coat, almost 
invariably indicates a beast that will feed 
well oithor at grass or in the stall. A short, 
crisp, coal-black coat is not to be compared 
with one that is long and wavy. The outer 
covering of hair put on in the winter months 
should, with outlying cattle, at the end of 
spring, aud during tho early summer months 
be of a russet brown. One frequently Bees 
iuttlc of tliis breed whose coats are one mass 
of ringlets ; but experience, I think, shows 
that they are not the most easily fattened, 
and I do not know to what source to attrib- 
PEMBROKESHIRE OR CASTLEMARTIN 
. CATTLE. 
Mr. Morgan Evans says :—There is a gen¬ 
eral belief in Wales t hat the old breed of tho 
country was white ; but he discredits the 
idea aud asserts that ho believes the oldest 
color to have been black, notwithstanding 
much popular trad it 'on to the contrary. He 
adds that the brood of Pembrokeshire is black 
and known sometime^ as the Cttstlomartin, 
but now more generally as the Pembroke¬ 
shire hreod. 'Photo can be little question of 
the great antiquity of this breed. . “ The 
Pembroke race in England,” says Mr. Dar¬ 
win, “closely resemble ih essential structure 
B. primigenius, and, no doubt, are its de¬ 
scendants.” 
You att says:—“Great Britain does not 
afford a more useful animal than tho Pem¬ 
broke cow or ox.” There is no breed which 
for general usefulness can successfully com¬ 
pete with the Pembrokeshire cattle In their 
native district, they are so perfectly adapted 
to the climatic and physical characteristics of 
the country, and to the system of farming 
