338 
MOORE 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
1111 UAL, LITUAliV AMI LA 111 1,1 MiTSPAHIi. 
D. D. T, MOORE, 
ConducLiua ICtlitor unci .Pulilisbo-y. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. PULLER, 
AnfcOciave Jicliioru- 
HENRY S. KANDALL, LL. D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
EmTOU OB TUB Dtl’AUIMKM OB &UBBP HLUBAS DRV. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y., 
EblTOU OB 1 UK DkI'AKTVCNT OB DaIkV i llJM BAN b,:Y. 
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Cents should be added to above rates for euoti yearly 
copy mailed to Canada, and One Dollar per copy to 
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copies. Specimen Numbers, Show-Rill*, Ac., sent free 
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PUBLICATION OFFICES: 
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Buffalo Street. Rochester, N. Y. 
BA TURD AY, MAY 34, 1873. 
A LABOE REVOLUTION. 
We tire rapidly drifting toward a condition 
of anarchy, so far as the relation of labor to 
capital is concerned. The bootmaker cannot 
promise a pair of boots beeause. ho gays, “the 
men arc on u strike;" the livery keeper can’t 
lot a horse go because the horaeaboers arc on 
a strike and every horse that, is shod is out. 
The spirit of antagonism which these frequent 
strikes are creating is alarming. In England, 
the differ one es between farmers and farm labor¬ 
ers have Increased. The farmers have combined 
against the “National Agricultural Unionists,“ 
and every strike is to be followed by wliat is 
known as a “lock-out." Tills organization 
(above-named) jjropose retaliation, and have 
resolved, if possible, to prevent the harvesting 
of the hay tuidgrain crops; indeed, they have 
paid agents stumping Ireland, to warn Irish¬ 
men from going to England. 
An Edinburgh paper suys; “The matter is 
DOW assuming a very grave form to the Commu¬ 
nity generally, and it the bitterness of strife 
continue—If the corn he allowed to He waste 
upon the ground—in spite of Free Trade, the 
industrious classes may expect to have to pay 
double the price for their loaf, and meat will 
rise altogether beyond their means." 
We quote llic above to call attention to the 
fact that this condition of antagonism is gcu- 
eralljf created by a few turbulent fellows of the 
baser sort, who really have not a whit of tlio 
welfare of working men at heart. They are 
blatant demagogues, as a rule—willing to fost er 
any disruption of the existing order of things 
that will but throw themselves to the surface 
and give t hem notoriety and some p iy for doing 
nothing. These men will one day wake up t o 
find tneir names execrated by toe men that are 
now promising to benefit by provoking them 
into idleness, if not aggressive warfare on their 
employers. It should always be remembered 
that so long as it takes but two to make a bar¬ 
gain, two should bo permitted to make it. 
STEAM PLOWING ABEOAD. 
THE use of steam plows in England seems to 
increase. From n paper on “The Present As¬ 
pect of Steam Cultivation," we glean some facts 
about the system of hiring steam plowing done. 
The price paid is 15s. per acre to cultivate once 
over and 34s., beside coal and water, per acre 
twice over. These machines cultivate 13 to 15 
acres per day, and yet cannot do all the work 
tendered l hem and at the lime required. Hence, 
less land is put. under the plow than would 
otherwise be, and such as is cultivated by hired 
steam power, Is often neglected beyond the 
proper time, because some other farmer has 
possession of t he plow. August and September 
are the months in which. It is asserted by all 
who have tried it, steam cultivation can be 
most profitably employed in the preparation of 
the ec 11. One English firm makes about 100 
steam p.ow's annually, two-lbirds of which are 
sold to people who hire them out and their 
services w r ith them; the other one-third are 
sold to private firms, who employ the plows on 
their own farms. 
It seems there is no question about the profit 
of steal! culture; but there are causes retard- 
in % its progress. The fields are not large enough, 
the roads are not the right shape for the move¬ 
ment of traction engines; the gate ways are loo 
narrow; the bridges and culverts too weak. 
Mr. FOWLER, who writes the paper we are re¬ 
viewing, says he should strongly recommend 
every one who has SJIXJ acres of strong arable 
land, to have ills own set of steam implements. 
He nays hi can “smash up" (that is, prepare 
the soil for seeding, we suppose,) 180 acres of 
stubble in 30 days, ten inches deep, at a cost 
(including everything) of 0s. Id. per acre, and 
for the Bocoud time over, 5s. lOd. He thinks 
(says ho knows) this Is much cheaper than the 
same work can be done with horse power if it 
were possible for horses to do it iu the same 
manner. 
In the discussion which followed this paper, 
Mr. .1. J. Mechi stated that t he country was 
notin a proper state to receive steam cultiva¬ 
tion. Thor®, were irregular fields, great hedge¬ 
rows, unnecessary trees and undrained lands. 
But he had swept the fences off his farm to 
make it suitable for stcarn; others wore doing 
so. He knew it paid to use It. He advised 
farmers never to use a man where horses could 
be used, and never to use a horse where they 
could subst itute a steam engine, adding, “ Why, 
if any one now-u-days pressed a Manchester 
manufacturer to use horse-pc wer instead of 
steam, assuredly that man would come to the 
conclusion that ids adviser had come out of a 
lunatic asylum." 
RUB.At NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Farmer* and Grocery Bills,— The RURAL 
New-Yorker never has been guilty of urging 
any one to run in debt, though It has been 
blamed by some people for urging thorn to 
keep out of that miserable straight-jacket. We 
have just come across a circular by a Jackson¬ 
ville. 111., firm to Its elision, ra, which so clearly 
illustrates the profits to be secured by running 
In debt, that wo make the following extract. 
It is dated April 1, arid says ; 
Thirty days ago we announced to you that we 
would at 1 ilia date begin to sell for cash only, 
would at lids date begin to sell for cash only, 
stating also that we believed that we could 
offer our goods to you for a less profit than 
heretofore. We now furnish you with a brief 
schedule, showing the comparative difference 
In prices between Cash and Credit. 
Old Credit Price. Cush Price. 
Good New Orleans Sugar, 8 Ins. lor 81 3>i H>s. for $1 
Choice do 
Extra C 
A 
Good Rio Coffee ... 
Choice do ... 
Tons. 
Sirup. 
734 do 
7 do 
do 
4 do 
SVC do 
* t 00 to 82 00 
fl 00 to ft H> 
8 do 
4 X do 
4 do 
75o. to 81 60 
tt)c.,«&e. toU 
Other goods will be correspondingly reduced 
in price. We do not offer this as an argument 
that the credit prices of our competitors arc 
too high (as they arc in many instances l oo low), 
but us showing that this diffe rence does actually 
exist, and that we w ill always be able to main¬ 
tain our prices for cash at least this much lower 
than any one w ho sells on time. 
Now, reader, you can see just about what per 
cent, of interest you are paying on your grocery’ 
and store bills. Is it not better not to rim in 
debt? or If you must live on borrowed capital, 
borrow it at the bank (or of some one) at the 
legal rate of interest, and buy for cash? We 
have found even a greater difference than the 
above figures show, between cash and credit. 
The Fate of Manufacture* lu Illinois.— We 
see the following assertion made:—“For the 
want of proper caution, and on account of a 
false estimat e of cost, demand and supply, there 
ore to-day,Scattered throughout Illinois, from 
five to sevon thousand vacated and deserted 
buildings, of greater ur less extent, in which 
manufactures have been undertaken and fail¬ 
ed." But the writer docs not tell us how many 
thousands of buildings lu Illinois are the scene 
of successful manufacturing enterprise, nor 
how rapidly they have increased iu number 
during the past ten years, If lie had, it is our 
opinion that the percentage of failures would 
he found to be far less than the percentage of 
failures to succeed among formers in that giatid 
agricultural Htate, nor any more numerous, pro¬ 
portionally, than the failures of merchants, 
bankers, grain dealers and speculators. The 
value of such a statement as we have quoted 
above is not perceptible without the compara¬ 
tive figures are given. It Is a shallow founda¬ 
tion for a theory. 
Dried Fruli* for France.—Mr. T. A. Geke, our 
wide-awake market reporter, furnishes us with 
the following itemIf a rumored experiment 
is successful, there will be hereafter an addi¬ 
tional outlet for surplus dried apples. There is 
very apt to be a large unsalable remnant of this 
crop of late years. During the past lew weeks 
there have boon important sales of about 1,300 
barrels of dried apples to go to France. This is 
the first consignment ever sent to that country, 
though for other parts of the Continent there 
is frequently a good sale for consumption. The 
buyers of the above lots will not disclose the 
real use these apples are destined for; but hints 
enough have leaked out, intimating the inten¬ 
tion of putting them through the still on the 
other side, for the purpose of converting them 
into the base or ingredient of liquor. In the 
line of wines and liquors, French chemists have 
been known to exhibit ingenuity that almost 
defied detection. 
The time is not very remote when pure West¬ 
ern spirits will make a voyage abroad and re¬ 
turn promoted to foreign excellence In name, 
including French brandy; and in all proba¬ 
bility the process is not yet one of the lost arts. 
Who knows but that the dingy, coarso-cut dried 
! apples may contain properties that have been 
hitherto neglected and will now be brought to 
light under the ski lful manipulation of the 
French chemist! The truth is, t >e supply of 
the vine product a! this advanced age depends 
l upon a comparatively small urea in proportion 
1 to its markets; and the failure of a crop or the 
suddenly extended consumption of It, like, for 
instance, the Vienna Exposition, is apt to set 
wits to work to supply the deficiency. In mat¬ 
ters of manufacture, when men cannot work 
fast enough, wo make machinery fill the gap ; 
so, after all, we cannot find fault with bever¬ 
age-producing countries if they piece out a 
short crop by calling iu the aid of the magic 
wand of science, provided, downright injurious 
substitutes are not brought into requisition. 
Bees by Moll.— The shippers of bees by mail 
are complaining because some of them pay 
only paper postage on their shipments while 
others are compelled by postmasters to pay let¬ 
ter postage. They demand an uniform Inter¬ 
pretation of the law . Then the postmasters arc 
complaining because bees arc shipped by mail, 
and evidently Jhlnk they should be excluded. 
They are shipped in this wise:—The cage is a 
block of wood. In which are three largo holes, 
covered with a fine wire netting. Seven bees, 
including a queen bee, arc placed in each Com¬ 
partment, and are introduced through a hole 
In the side of the block, which is plugged up by 
a piece of sponge soaked in honey. The post¬ 
masters and clerks allege that t he honey soaks 
t hrough the paper placed over the holes and 
daubs other mall matter, and besides, as one 
postmaster complained, the clerks In bis office 
did not get through examining and studying 
the contrivance until the bees stung every one 
of them, and in showing t^em how it was made, 
and how to handle it without injury, they stung 
him too! 
■ ■ ■»♦«- 
Cash for Farm Labor. —We believe that those 
of our readers who complain of the character 
of the farm hands they are compelled to em¬ 
ploy, would find it a not very difficult matter to 
improve the quality of obtainable help, were it 
their practice to pay cash every night or at the 
close of each week for the labor performed. 
Such lias been our own experience. We got 
more reliable help und better service when it 
became known that, each man who served us 
would got cash promptly for it and would bo 
-discharged the momentbc failed to do our work 
as we wanted It done. After adopting this pol¬ 
icy, we were never embarrassed hi procuring 
abundance of good help and at cheaper rates 
t han farmers who gave their men money only 
when they asked for it, and 1 hen only a fract ion 
of the amount due them. Try it—even if you 
have to borrow money at seven per cent, to do 
it; for it costs more to borrow of farm help 
than of the money loaner. 
Helling Gras* Heed in Maine. —The Maine 
Farmer nays there is no law in that State regu¬ 
lating the weight of a bushel of herd’s-grass 
seed; but custom has fixed it at 45lbs. to the 
bushel; and dealers, when they buy a bushel 
of seed pay for and obtain 45 lbs,; but some of 
them, whou asked the price of seed, assert that 
they sell it at £4.50 for forty pounds. Thus they 
arc getting good profit upon 1 he seed, provided 
they sold the customary weight and are saving 
five pounds in the buthcl they purchased. 
Thore is no law against it. They have the right 
| to charge what they please for 30 pounds; but 
if they convey the impression that 21) pounds 
means a bushel, they arc swindlers to all intents. 
Evidently, Maine farmers need to have a legal 
standard for a bushel Of grass-seed. 
«»♦- 
Free Trade in Land is now earnestly advo¬ 
cated in Great Britain In the compulsory regis¬ 
tration of land, possession prima facu evidence 
of ownership, and tue amendment of the laws 
of entail, primogeniture and settlement are 
demanded, so that the laborer may invest bis 
earnings in land, as he docs now In consols or 
a savings bank, li is urged that irequern 
change in the ownership of land is good for the 
nation, causing the dispersion of prejudices and 
t he love of improvement and progress. We are 
glad to note these signs of the coming of the 
day when there will be more laud owners in 
England and less discussion ol tenant rights and 
of the obligations of landlords. 
-Ml- 
The Htate Entomologist uf .Missouri’* Report 
—the Fifth Report—is issued, and contains evi¬ 
dence that the Entomologist has not been idle. 
The instructions for collecting, preserving and 
studying insects, which form the iutroduot ny 
Ohapter of the Report, are timely and necessary 
and wisely printed. There are many things we 
all of us w’ould do (which we do not do) if we 
but knew how. Mr. Klley is not the most un¬ 
profitable servant Missouri pays. 
Wisconsin Geological Survey—We learn that 
Dr. I. A. Lapham of Milwaukee, has been ap¬ 
pointed Chief Geologist of Wisconsin. He is 
to have four associates, one of whom is to be a 
chemist and essayist. They are to make a 
thorough and complete geological, mineralogi- 
cal and agricultural survey of the State, and 
topographical surveys of auclj portions as piay | 
be deemed necessary. They commence June 
1st, and are to complete the works in four years. 
M l- 
The Postal Can are to be run directly into 
the basement of the new Post Office building in 
Boston. The new Post Office building in New 
York was also constructed, so far as the base¬ 
ment portion is concerned, with special refer¬ 
ence to the running of the postal cars over tho 
Broadway Underground Railway, directly into 
the Post Office. The building has a front of 
three hundred and forty feet on Broadway. 
Activity Contagious.—A Southern correspond¬ 
ent says:—“It Is a fact, that where white peo¬ 
ple are working and attending to their busi¬ 
ness, t he freed men work well also, and such 
planters are making money.” The men w r ho 
labor in the South are going to own Its lands 
and become its lords: and It ought to be so. 
-- 
Catalogue*, Etc., Received. — From D. M. 
Dewey, Rochester, N. Y., Catalogue of Colored 
Fruit Plates-From Collins & Co., P. O. 
Box 1,971, N. Y. City, Illustrated Catalogue of 
Axes, Hatchets, Adzes and Cast-Steel Plows. 
-Baltimore Process of Evaporating Fruits, 
Vegetables, etc. 
-Ml- 
National Agricultural Cong rc**. — A corres¬ 
pondent wishes us “ to state exactly when tho 
National Agricultural Congress is to meet at 
Indianapolis." He has seen three different 
dates given; so have we; but on all the official 
documents we have received the date given is 
May 28. 
RURAL BREVITIES. 
-Vermont cows .yield an annual income of 
$6,000,000. 
"Thirty solid miles of logs” is reported in 
Au Gres River, Mich. 
Portland, Oregon, expects to put up 2,000,000 
cans of salmon this season. 
Belgium Is anxious about the continued de¬ 
crease taking place In her stock of horses. 
One man In Hatfield, Mass., used last, year 30 
tons of coni meal as a fertilizer for tobacco. 
A piece of land near Spring Valley, Minn., 
lias sunk four feet below its former level, this 
spring. 
Some live hundred horses have been pur¬ 
chased this spring in Champaign county, Ill., by 
Eastern buyers. 
Montgomery county farmers, near Philadel¬ 
phia. complain of the destruction of the grain 
crops by sparrows. 
Kentucky produced in the year 1872, 96,207,- 
261 pounds of tobacco, 30,236,378 pounds short of 
the product for 1871. 
T r planting is laic Hus year, it may be expected 
Unit vegetation will shoot, straight forward by 
w ay of compensation. 
The Lexington Caucasian says that not less 
than one thousand hogs froze to death in Lafay¬ 
ette Co., Ky., last winter. 
Bummer is at hand, according to the almanac, 
but the chilly atmosphere about these days is 
more like March than May. 
LaboU saving implements give the farmer 
power and time. Power to cultivate the soil- 
time to cultivate the mind. 
A new horse disease, which paralyses the 
whole spine and makes the animal helpless, has 
broken out in Reading. Pennsylvania. 
Rome one has scut u.-s three • mail vials con¬ 
taining substance and liquid with no letter of 
explanation. Will some one explain? 
What farmers need most is repress ntative 
men who honor labor, who speak in public, w ho 
control sentiment, and who lead the way. 
Tue Michigan State Dairymen’s Association 
resolved that the best interests of society de¬ 
mand tho discontinuance of Sunday cueese 
making. 
Wm. Biknik ol Mass, lias recently sold au 
Ayrshire cow which is said to have given her 
Jive weight in milk, every 26 days, from April to 
October. 
Texas is the third State in the Union, as a 
wheat-growing State. The wheat crop of Texas 
was, in average per acre, just equal to that of 
California last year. 
Tue Cotton Crop of 1873, according to South¬ 
ern estimates, will b the most, valuable ever 
grown In tlio United Buttes— its money value 
being placed at over $3Ui),000,090. 
It is not muscle that produces the crop which 
carries off the top price iu market, but brains. 
It is care, attention, with brains, that are re¬ 
quired-more bead work Ilian handwork. 
F. W. Stony, Esq., the well known stock 
grower, has sold ids lartn o 1550 acres at Moreton 
Lodge, Guelph, Out., for $70,000, as the location 
of the “Ontario Agricultural College and Farm.’’ 
At a recent sale of Leicester sheep from the 
flocks of Lord Polwortb, an English breeder, 
one ram brought- $850, with one exception the 
highest price ever paid for a Leicester sheep. 
The average of the sale was $185. 
We have a score or more of inquiries for 
Countess de Bertha Rose, mentioned lu a late 
number of this paper. We are permitted to 
say that they may bo had of Andrew S. Ful¬ 
ler, Ridgewood, N. J.; price 50c. each, sent by 
mail, postage paid. 
A COUHESVONDENT at Stroudsburg, Fa., asks 
where he can buy English Cluster hops, and at 
what price. Wc cannot answer. Our advertis¬ 
ing columns should tell. Oneida and Madison 
counties, X. Y„ are the main hop-growing dis¬ 
tricts in the State. 
Why don't sportsmen and florists who have 
ThtimicoiithHs nitilarvs, illustrated In Rural 
New-Yorker. April 19, advertise it? Wc are 
overrun with letters of inquiry for it. We may 
Bay here, that we do uot give illustrations of 
plants because some one lias them for sale, nor 
because we aim or desire to advertise anybody. 
Whatever is desirable, in our opinion, is given 
for the benefit of our readers; if nobody has 
them for sale after we have created a demand, 
so much the worse for that " nobody.” 
