alas! What times are these, when a. farmer 
claims the right to do his own business in his 
own way. buy where he can buy cheapest and 
sell where he can get most for his products? 
Such demoralizing action ought to be suppress¬ 
ed, to be sure ! What right have farmers to 
combine against other combinations? This 
. question is being solved, men and brethren ! 
S. Hoffherr Mower, Vienna, Austria. 
4. Champion Mower, Springfield. O. 
5. Superior Mower, Wheeling, West V irginla. 
r,. Hu ok ere New Model Mower. New tork. 
7. Buckeye Senior. Akron, O. 
K. W'toil Mower, HOOSlC halls. N. Y. 
y. Kirby CornhlneiJ, Auburn, N. > • 
in, McCormick Combined, Chicago, Ill. 
"• n jiui tmrU Combined, Itoonester, N. Y. 
HI2. jDxcelslnr Ciiiuhlnpd, Akron. O. 
13. Ruckeve Combined, Akron, O. 
14. Champion Combined. Springfield. O. 
15 . Johnston Combined, Broekport, N. Y. 
The Tribune correspondent, to whom we are 
indebted for this Information, s “The 
Johnston and Superior mowers wen .he first to 
finish their work: but there were a number of 
others that came out only n few minutes later. 
It is reported t hat all the American • .oweraand 
reapers that took part In the trial will get 
medals— the Buckeye Senior the medal of pro¬ 
gress. probably, for its new table rake, which 
attracted much attention from the jury, and 
the Superior mower for It* new and simple 
method of communicating the motion from the 
wheels to the knives by a screw, and perhaps 
two or three others for improvements made 
since the Paris Exhibition, Those that do not 
get the medal of progress will, it is expected 
receive the medal of merit. All are excellent 
machines and deserve such a recognition. It Is 
wdlthy of especial remark, as In a high degree 
creditable to our exhibitors, that every mower 
and reaper shown in onr agricultural hall was 
in the trial, with two exceptions—the Sprague 
Mower and the Marsh Harvester; and t hese had 
no agents here, and consequently no one to 
make the necessary arrangements for their 
trial. The award of medals will not be made 
ten to twelve and even more hours per day in 
bad atmospheres, often at unhealthful employ¬ 
ments. Have the girls got this lmlf-boliday? 
No! Why not? Because employers said they 
could not grant it unless the movement was 
general among those engaged in the same line 
of manufacture; for if their girls were given a 
half-holiday In a week, receiving the same rate 
of wages, those who did not enter Into the 
movement could and would undersell t hem In 
the market and their trade would he gone. 
This Is what competition does for community 
for farmers. This Illustrates the law which 
should be recognized by farmers. If too many 
grow’ wheat, or corn, then those who cun put 
the most of it on the market, at the least cost 
will make the most profits and become most 
prosperous, financially. If a farmer is going 
into the business of growing corn or any other 
crop, he cannot necessarily make the moat 
money by locating w here he can grow the most 
corn at the cheapest rate per bushel; for if 
may be in the Sandwich Islands, or any other 
remote place away from consumers. He has 
and cost of getting 
“PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
Country vs. City. —In these sweltering days, 
when the thermometer ranges from 00° to tOCP 
in the shade In the city, our country friends are 
to be envied, for they are generally blessed with 
pure air and other accessories to health. They 
know not the sufl'erings or city denizens, yet 
many of them foolishly long to become city 
folk. We trust it is not true in this, as in other 
instances, that—in sentiment at. least— 
** They know the right and they approve It, too. 
Condemn the wrong anil still the wrong pursue.” 
The GOD-made-country tony he drear and 
desolate Tor awhile in Winter, hut when Sum¬ 
mer arrives It is the Paradise of earth, com¬ 
pared with the man-made-town, and all its 
habltans ought to be glad and rejoice that their 
lines (and lives) have fallen In pleasant places. 
Afoml—“ Stick to the farm," and there serve, 
to the best of your ability, both your God and 
your Country. _^_ 
A Healthful Change Desired.—Thousands of 
New-Yorkers desire to go, for a month or two, 
into the country not to Saratoga, Long Branch, 
Newport, but to some farmer's liomr. where 
they will get good air, eating and sleeping. 
They w ant a change from City to Country, and 
yet wish to avoid extra expense, extravagance 
in externals, (fashion,) and prefer stile to style 
—the bars being preferable to bows, (boaux?) 
etc. Will thoa j of our readers within thirty or 
fifty miles of New York, w ho can accommodate 
health and comfort seekers, please address this 
I office— say Rural, 5 Beckman tit., New York ? 
CcmdviGtiWfs Kditor and. ir'uljliHlier 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. FULLER, 
Associate Kditor?. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Bditob OS THK Dkhaktmb't or Smbki* HesBAWJMtv. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Fails. N. Y., 
El>!TOK UK THK DKfAKTMKNT OK DaIIIY HUKBAKOliV. 
.TERMS, IN ADVANCE: 
Subscription.— Single Copy, M.M per Year. To 
Clubs:—Five Copies, anti one copy free to Agent or 
getter up of Club, for *12.50; Seven Copies, and one 
free, for *1C; Ten Copies, and one free, *20— only *2 
per copy. A» we are obliged to pre-pay the American 
postage on papers mailed to foreign countries. Twenty 
Cents should be added t" above rates tor each yearly 
copy mailed to Cnnotln, ttud title Dollar per copy to 
Kui ope. Drafts, Posl-Oniee Money Order, and Regis¬ 
tered Letters may be mailed at our ri.sk. " Liberal 
Premiums to all Club Agent* who do not take free 
copies. Specimen Numbers, Show-Bills, Ac., sent I roc 
got, to consider the mean 
his corn to market and L 
with other producers for 
this business the same calculation and nice ad¬ 
justment of figures arc involved that arc in 
manufacturing bonnets and bow*, neck-lies 
and parasols in New York City. It involves, in 
other words, l lie accumulation and analysis of 
facts. 
Now, I've been out here among the farmers 
I’ve yet to 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
Inside, 14th and 15th pages (Agafr hpacebtlllc. per line, 
!t 7th and 13th pages.]•(* u 
Outside or last. page.... ... ...l.al) 
Fifty per cent, ertra for unusual display. 
Special Notices, leaded, by count..2.00 . i( 
Business “ ....rS ,, 
Reading " ... 
$i?~ No advertisement Inserted for less than $3. 
ten days, and talked with n score, 
find one. who can tell me the exuot coat of a sin¬ 
gle product of ilia farm ; or who knows what it 
will cost him (if lie ships it himself) to put it 
on the New 7 York market! Not one! 
This “Farmers’ Movement,” 
therefore, is going to be of great benefit to 
farmers in a direction they least expect, in my 
judgment. Some of the Granges are organized 
to enable farmers to steer clear of middlemen. 
To do this, they have got to got ut fact* and 
figures In relation to the handling and sale of 
their produce, and in relation to the cost and 
value or what they buy for their own Use and 
comfort, of which they have been almost totally 
ignorant hitherto. They arc going to discover 
how complex are their ml at ions to other classes, 
and how their business relations to each other 
rnay be affected by a small difference in the cost 
of farm management. It is going to develop 
PUBLICATION OFFICES: 
No. 5 Beekman Street, New York City, and No. f!2 
Buffalo Street, Rochester, N. Y. 
Early Rose Potatoes. — Our friend P. T. 
Quinn whs in our office the other day feeling 
very happy. He said while the dry weather had 
affected garden crops somewhat, the good 
prices they were bringing made up for all de¬ 
ficiency. He had Just sold 100 barrels of Early 
Rose potatoes in market, for *H25. They have 
been sold as high as $9 per bbl. this season, and 
we learn the truck-farmers of Norfolk, Va., 
have re pud a bountiful harvest of greenbacks 
hero with their produce. 
SATURDAY, AUGUST 
Hop Prospects.— Our advices from Wisconsin 
indicate that, while quality of the product 
promises to be fine, the vitality of I lie root 
scorns to have been affected by t he severity of 
the winter, and the plants are not likely to 
produce as well as wus ul one time anticipated. 
The crop is likely to be light and recent moist, 
hot weather has developed vermin in the yards 
in great, numbers. There is less complaint from 
t he New York hop regions, but there is no hope 
of a heavy crop. 
VACATION LETTERS 
A Working Editor Out of Harness 
“ Facts are grout t hings," said Jam us Ste¬ 
venson to me, to-day. “ But the trouble is 
t hat we err in judgment often because w r c pos¬ 
sess too few of them.” 
That is precisely the case. Something Is 
wrong because the farmer does not get I lie 
price for his butter, or choose, or potatoes, or 
hops, or corn, that pays him a handsome profit. 
He quickly sets that if It cost him leas to get 
his produce into the hands of the consumer 
and if the consumer was willing to pay the 
same price for produce lie now docs, t.he mar¬ 
gin of his (the farmer’s) profit would be greater 
and he would be more happy and prosperous; 
ergo, the middlemen and the railroads charge 
too much for handling Ills produce—hence they 
are leeches, swindlers, etc.. and are to be put 
down ilh cuinherent ol' the ground. The fact 
that tie does not get adequately paid for his 
labor is impressed upon him : the fact Mint t he 
Ex-I’reuldent Thiers’ Table Vegetable*, dur¬ 
ing his term of office, promise to make him 
trouble. It seems that, the vegetables and fruit 
for Ids State dinners were furnished from the 
Versailles hot-houses, and the Court of Ac- 
oountB insist that the State cannot be legally 
called upon to defray such expenditure; hence 
It Is about to sue M. Thiers for 150,000 francs, 
the value of vegetables and fruit so used. That 
is a tolerably heavy bill for “garden sauce." 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES 
America n Reapers and Mowers al ieniia.— 
The trial of reapers and mowers at Vienna has 
resulted, it is asserted, in an American triumph. 
Although there were English and French mow¬ 
ers on exhibition, none of them entered into 
competition with the Americans in the field. 
One Herman firm entered three reapers, and a 
Vienna mower and reaper competed. The 
awards are not yet made. The arrangements 
>vere bad. There w as no system. The follow¬ 
ing reapers entered the field : 
How the Cottle Men are Treated In \ieiina. 
—There has been a good deal of complaint (as 
there always Is,ami will beat such exhibitions,) 
concerning the management of the Vienna Ex¬ 
position, but here seems to be a cause for com¬ 
plaint tus stated by a Vienna correspondent: 
Loudest of all the complaints made In Lite 
Austrian Press find among the Germans gener¬ 
ally, is that of the extra charge for the cattle 
show. It puzzles them to know why live ani¬ 
mals should be dieting Ills bed from oilier arti¬ 
cles exhibited, and why the numbers of the 
visitors should be made as select as possible, to 
the great Injury «»r breeders, who have gone to 
nse and r >. : i< "t forwarding valuable 
animals. The breeders have another grievance, 
which, although it, is personal to themselves, m 
I he meantime is very likely tore-act later upon 
the Exhibition. The season tickets given them 
are only good for t heir oattlo yard. A man who 
ha* sent a drove of cattle and a herd of merino 
sheep finds himself treated worse than the pro¬ 
prietor of a basketful of coarse pottery or a 
spring mattress, and when lie is requested to 
contribute to the next exhibition of live stock, 
be is very unlikely to respond cordially. 
Correspondents of Rally Rural Life" will 
have to be patient. The old gentleman is in 
Kansas, Texas, Utah, or Colorado ami will he 
absent four or five wdfeka; meantime Ids cor¬ 
respondents’ fa vors will have to await Ids ret u rn 
before receiving attention. 
same products ne Knows; mu. precious xew 
farmers know what ii actually costs those who 
are intermediate between them and consumers 
to handle those products, lienee their judg¬ 
ment is as likely to be unjust as just. 
Now fanners are not singular in this respect. 
Other classes are just as liable to err In their 
judgments and do err fiotn the same want, of 
facts. Producers are often charged by consum¬ 
ers with being inordinately avaricious ntnl ex¬ 
acting. What can they know of the toil and 
care incident to production? Don't things 
grow of themselves? it is a simple thing to 
produce. Plant the sood and it germinates, 
grows and produces fruit. It is a very simple 
matter. It costs nothing! You and 1 have 
heard such talk. What right have men to 
charge jptch Inordinate prices for the produc¬ 
tions of nature? The talk and deductions of 
one are about as reasonable and just as the 
other. Both ignore the fact that l here is a Jaw 
which regulates all these relations, and that is 
self-correcting In its influence upon all human 
concerns and dependencies! 
And how manifold are these dependencies ! 
There's the rub? Wt don’t stop to think where 
all these comforts come from, nor what capital 
and labor is invested in their production—these 
common things. I mean, that we go into a store, 
call for and pay a few cents to got! Yet those 
who supply t hem, from t he capitalist who builds 
the manufactory and sets up 1 lie machinery to 
the operatives who work up t he raw material, 
the jobber, transporter and retail dealer, are all 
consumers of food and producers of none. They 
help the farmer to his market. Every man. wo¬ 
man, boy and girl thus employed enhances the 
profits of farm labor ! 
Think of it! Right there in New 7 York City, 
an effort, lias been made this summer to induce 
employers to give their working girls a half- 
holiday, Saturday afternoon —girls that work 
RURAL BREVITIES, 
The vineyards of Portugal are said to be badly 
affected by vine disease this ye;tr. 
In Carroll Co., III., at the Farmers’ celebration 
July 4, it is said there was a procession of six 
thousand persons.- 
Oliver Dalrymple, Washington Co. Minn., 
sowed :-*.lK>0 acres of wheat last year t he average 
profit per acre being *lJ.5o—a total of t-T.uHi. 
Mr. Alexander macAdam, of Fori Plain, 
Montgomery county. N. Y., has the superinten¬ 
dence of ten cheese factories in that vicinity. 
The New England Agricultural Society is to 
offer few nr no horticultural premiums out, ot 
regard for the interests of the Masa. Hort. soc. 
Col. Co nu an, Editor Rural World, is stumpiw? 
Missouri in the interest of the Farmer s Move¬ 
ment. Col. C. is a totlguey editor and generally 
talks sense. 
WASHING seed wheat in a solution of blue 
vitriol will it is said prevent smut; In lime- 
. — .mill I #4oe *w»v tv»*A- actus ol oarasites tJiat 
It is Very Funny to watch the way in which 
things work. So long as two classes of men 
were likely to be benefited by cheap transpor¬ 
tation they wrought wit h zeal, side by side— 
that is, the shippers of products and the ship¬ 
pers of goods. But as soon as it becomes appa¬ 
rent that the shippers of products not only in¬ 
tend to cut down expenses by reducing rates 
of transportation but Ly co-operating to pur¬ 
chase groceries, dry goods, etc., at first hands, 
ignoring the existence and profits of local retail 
dealers, then there is a squirming that is equal 
to the wriggling of a snake with a pitchiork 
tine through its head. The scene changes sud¬ 
denly. The farmers’ movement Is call: d “ con¬ 
temptible pettifogging!” The war goes into 
Africa ! What right have farmers to buy goods 
at wholesale ! It is defrauding the local trade ! 
It is injustice! It is oppression! Such combi¬ 
nation is intolerable! It is going to revolution¬ 
ize the whole social system 1 It is going to de 
