liged to borrow because they are running be¬ 
hind,” it is quite time Illinois farmers quit the 
business or changed their system of farming. 
PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT 
pumps the fact from him that he had rather 
have one such customer as Farmer Pay-as-he- 
goes than three like “Cbargz'-it.” With cashin 
hand he can buy his goods cheaper in the city. 
He saves there. Jle turns his money anti real¬ 
izes his profits quicker. He Joses no debts, and 
docs not have to add a per cent, to his charges 
to cover such losses nor the interest he has to 
pay on his own thirty to sixty day bills. He Is 
content with small margins. He has to take 
them because a cash-paying farmer buys where 
lie can buy the best cheapest. •* And yet,” said 
this merchant, “I have some customers who 
pay only once In three to six months who are 
profitable to me, because l make them pay me 
roundly for my waiting. I must do so if I trade 
with them. They are good for their bills, but, 
if they only knew it, really luse money every 
time they say ‘Charge it.’ That is, they have to 
pay more than they need to for everything they 
buy. Of course, 1 had rather sell to them cheaper 
for cosh; but I cannot afford to on credit, and 
and take tin* risks J have to." 
Talking with an old friend who is a banker, 
he says his depositors among farmers are, nine- 
tentbs of them at least, /and he thinks a larger 
per cent.,) of the Pay-as-you-go class. I caunot 
see how it can be otherwise; nor do I ever ex¬ 
pect to. 
them. You should see the cows start the mo¬ 
ment they hear him yell! From their peaceful, 
| pastoral rumination, or from their cool-of-the 
I morning breukfast off the dewy grass, they are 
galvanized by the yell of the farmer and the 
yelping of the yellow cur into a race for the 
milking yard. Half of them come up through 
the lane on the run. panting like high-pressure 
steamboats. They gouge and gore each other 
with desperate abandon. They switch their 
tails about with a restlessness that suggests 
perpetual motion. There are, say, twenty of 
these kine, and by the time they have swept 
through and tumbled over the half-drawn bars 
into the yard. Tim, liie hired man, Susan, the 
hired girl, Betty, the farmer's daughter, and 
Sam, the fourteen-ycar-old son of the farmer, 
arc clambering over the fence into the yard, 
with one to three-legged milking stools and 
wooden or tin palls in their hands, ready to 
make these heated cows "So!" “ Stand still !” 
"Hist!" and submit to have the lacteal fluid 
squeezed out of their udders. 
Jones told me yesterday that his cows were 
“ beginning to shrink their milk bad." He did 
n’t “see why it should lie; feed was uncom¬ 
monly good for the time o' year. Reckon the 
flies and the elderberry bushes have somethin’ 
to do with It.” I didn’t tell him that I thought 
his cur and himself were most to blame, but I 
thought so. 
Bight, across the street from him is his neigh¬ 
bor (I ibson —one of your quiet, systematic, care¬ 
ful, sensible farmers. He. too, gets up betimes 
in the morning, takes his long staff, quietly 
walks inty the pasture and gently says, "Come 
boss! Come boss!” The cows know his voice 
and heed it as surely as Jones’ cows do li is. lie 
walks slowly around them, scarcely speaking 
to them, quietly gathers thorn together, and 
they crop the sweet herbage as they slowly 
travel toward the stable, which they enter with¬ 
out goring each other or violence from any one. 
They take their places in the stanchions, are 
quietly fastened, the milkers are at hand; no 
noise is made; the milking is quickly done, the 
cows salted and tinned loose. GIBSON’S cows 
do not "shrink their milk." They are not al¬ 
lowed to do so. When the pastures do not yield 
herbage enough, or "fly time” prevents forag¬ 
ing, there is soiling material for them. As is 
the man, so is the brute beneath him. The na¬ 
ture and habits of the one are reflected by the 
other. Jones hasn’t got a cow that will not 
jump a staked and ride red fence to escape him 
or bis cur. Gibson hasn't a cow that knows 
bow to jump I Jokes liasn’L a cow but expects 
stoning or mauling with a milking stool, or a 
kick on occasions. Gibson hasn’t a cow that 
has received a blow or a kick since he owned 
her. Jones busn’t a cow that, will not run from 
him at sight If there is a. possible chance of get¬ 
ting away. Gibson hasn’t a cow that will not 
come to him at bis call. 
Cash vs. Credit. 
I go up to the village occasionally and lounge 
away a half-day talking with the storekeepers 
and the farmers who come into “do their trad¬ 
ing." Times are different than when all trade 
was barter, as In my youuger days—when we 
had to save eggs to got tea and sugar with; when 
a pound of butter would scarcely pay fora yard 
of the cheapest calico; when a letter from out 
the Stare coat two shillings, and was often held 
by the postmaster a month because the fanner 
could convert none of ids produce into cash 
enough to pay the postage. Those days were 
not so lung ago, either. Weusodtogo to market 
then witli ox-teams and iu lumber wagons. 
There were no spring wagons then ; no throe- 
minute roadsters; no top buggies for farmers; 
no ready-made clothing. We used to wear but¬ 
ternut-colored suits, home-made, in winter, or 
tow pants iu summer. 
I say things are different, now. But there 
must be a further ohatlge. It is gradually but 
surely coming. Occasionally, you will find "a 
cash store." I wish, tor all concerned, there 
wore no others. How 1 shiver when I sit 
in the back of a store and hear a farmer who 
has purchased a bill of goods say to the spruce 
clerk, with a self-confident tone and air, 
as he gathers up the parcels, " Charge it!" Be 
sure the clerk dim “ charge it!” He charges it 
Kansan Agricultural College.—The Board of 
Regents of this institution, at Its June meeting, 
resolved that the diplomas of the College should 
hereafter be printed In the English language; 
and also adopted the following remarkable 
resolution: 
Resolved, That the resignation of the entire 
faculty, agents anu employees bo received at 
the next meeting of the Board, to be hold July 
16th, 1873. 
Tidings whether the Board did receive these 
resignations the 16th ult., have not reached us. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
Conti U.C. ting Kditor and .Publisher 
CHA8. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. FULLER, 
Associate ICditors. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Editor ok the Dkpahtmxm or Shxkf Husbandry. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y., 
Editor or tnk Dkrartmknt or Dairy Husbandry, 
A Good Investment.—The attention of capi¬ 
talists and others seeking safe mid desirable in¬ 
vestments is directed to the offer of City of 
Rochester 7 per cent. Bonds, on our lust page. 
Western New-Yorkers having a surplus of 
means might go farther and fare much worse 
than to invest in these bond- -for, being au¬ 
thorized by Act of the Legislature, and issued 
by one of the most prosper* us cities in the land, 
their safely and security are undoubted. 
.TERMS, IN ADVANCE: 
Subscription.—Single Copy. $2.50 per Y'ear. To 
Clubs:—Five Copies, and one copy free to Agent or 
getter up of Club, for $12.50; Seven Copies, and one 
free, for $10; Ten Copies, and one free, $20—only $2 
per copy. As we are obliged to pre-pay the American 
pfistageon papers mailed to foreign countries, Twenty 
Cents should be added to above rates for each yearly 
copy mailed to Canada, and One Hollar per copy to 
Euiope. Drafts, Post-Office Money Orders and Regis¬ 
tered Letters uiay be mailed ul our risk. ZP" Liberal 
Premiums to all Club Agents who do not. take free 
copies. Specimen Numbers, Show-Bill's Ac,. sent free 
Messrs. Horace Waters A Son report that 
their sales of the Concerto Organ have tiipled 
in three months—a result due to steady adver¬ 
tising of a really good instrument. Their sales 
of pianos, for cash or payable in installments, 
have also largely increased. Wc heard a tired 
clerk suggest that advertising be stopped during 
the warm weather, so as to give them some rest, 
but. Mr. Waters " didn’t see the point." 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES, 
Members’ Ticket* ul Fair*. A correspond¬ 
ent, and an officer of a County Agricultural So¬ 
ciety. writes us:—"You have no idea how many 
‘ honest farmers 1 and their wives there are who 
will, without apparent scruple, gel on to a Fair 
ground on a single member’s ticket which ad¬ 
mits one person during the Fair. Such tickets 
ought not tu be issued ; but some of our folks 
think we cannot make the Fair pay without 
them." Yob, wo think we have "an idea" how 
“ honest farmers ” buy a member’s ticket, pass 
through the gate, go around inside the fence, 
slide it through a crevice Into the hand of the 
good wife who enters upon It, and then it is 
returned to Tom, Hick and Harry, Sue, Sally 
and Jane, et, id., until the whole family is safe 
within the lnclosuro. And these good people 
don’t think It swindling to do this thing! Don’t 
issue season tickets. Make every man pay every 
time he enters the Fair ground; if be is an ex¬ 
hibitor and you want to favor him, let him 
show he is an exhibitor and give him a check 
when he goes out that will admit him when ho 
returns; but let him understand that be must 
present the check in order to get in and that it 
will be taken up. We hope to see the day when 
county Fairs can be run without the necessity 
of charging any admission fee—if they areto be 
run at all. But we have no sympathy with 
swindlers, whether they are farmers or other 
folk. 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
Inside, Htb and 15th pages (Agate space). 90c. per line 
“ 7th and filth pages...1.00 “ 
Outside or last page.1.50 " 
Fifty percent, extra for unusual display. 
Special Notices, lemled, by count.2.00 “ 
Business “ ...2.50 “ 
Reading “ ....3.00 “ 
Jjgr So advertisement inserted for less than $3. 
"The Mmunl Life.”—The reply of the Mu¬ 
tual Life Ins. Company of New York to the 
recent card of Mr. Homans, Its former Actuary, 
sdven on page KX) of this paper, will be read 
with interest and satisfaction by the numerous 
policy holders and ot her friends of that popular 
and always prosperous Company. 
PUBLICATION OFFICES: 
No. 5 Beekman Street, New York City, and No. 82 
Buffalo Street, Rochester, N. Y. 
RURAL BREVITIES, 
The hog cholera is raging near Carlinville,Ill. 
Senator Hamlin is to discuss " The Grasses ” 
at the Maine State Fair. 
The Kansas Patrons of Husbandry do not ap¬ 
prove of iioise-rucingat Fairs. 
California l'ruit is beginning to arrive in the 
New York market—chinny pears. 
Seven cents a head is the ruling price for 
shearing sheep in Eastern Oregon. 
Vermont is reported to have twenty-three 
Granges of Patrons of Husbandry. 
The rinderpest is spreading among the cattle 
in Gutteuoerg, Hudson county, A. J. 
The Orleans Co., S. Y., Ag. Soc. has issued its 
premium list. Fair at Albion, bept.ffO and 37. 
At a recent sale In Baltimore sixteen Per- 
cberon horses were sold at prices ranging trom 
gltXJ to $1,11X1 each. 
Julf 28 "countless millions ” of grasshoppers 
filled the air atrhoux Uity,Iowa, with "agen¬ 
eral tendency southwest,” 
Hon. Schuyler Colfax has accepted an in¬ 
vitation i" address the Platt i in., Agricul¬ 
tural .society on the 3d of October. 
Julv 28 the Chicago elevators contained 
■1,006,171 bushels ot grain of all kinds against 
tqifiilaJOO bushels at the same date last year. 
Gen. Samui l Jones has been elected Presi¬ 
dent of the Maryland Agricultural College m 
place of Dr. Samuel Register, lately re-imiad. 
A convention of Wisconsin Grangers is railed 
at Milwaukee for ihcffJUsl oi August, furor 
delegates from each Grange will ia- lnaltem,- 
anee. 
There is a great scarcity of farm laborers in 
Iowa. In the northern part farmers are mmole 
to get help enough at .-d a day to attenu trie 
crops. 
General Butler has accepted an Invitation 
to deliver an address at the Aew England Agri¬ 
cultural Society Fair, to oe held at mystic i'«riv 
in September. 
President Welch of the Iowa Agricultural 
College fiaa uecliiiod the Presidency ui me Ar¬ 
kansas Industrial College and decided to re¬ 
main with towa. 
The higii price of stock in Australia is still 
seriously impeding meiu-preserviug, and me 
operations oi most of uie companies are entire¬ 
ly or partially suspended. 
The editor of the Sail Diego World records 
that lie " took iiome and ate a . urn ip measuring 
two leet four inches in cm.umiercncc anu 
weighing over nine pounds." 
A Connecticut farmer, who set out an elab¬ 
orate scare-crow in his strawberry paten, was 
disgusted to find that a pair of rooms had hunt 
their nest, and were raising their young, under 
its Hat. 
The visible supply of grain at the principal 
points ol aeeuimuauoii at lake and seaouard 
ports and in transit, July IS), lent), was 18,&W4,i*U 
bushels, embracing 4,DiV,48u bifsttels of wueat, 
y.'.fPJAi'i bushels of corn, bushels of oats 
and Mi,7Iff bushels of barley. 
A correspondent of flic Rural Alabamian 
says the curse ot tuo South is a class of kid- 
gloved farmers, who leave a set of lazy, careless 
negroes to half till t neir lauds, while wiese Kid- 
gloved fellows loaf about the grog shop, gabble 
politics and complain of k ham times. ’ ” 
SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 1873. 
VACATION LETTERS 
orking Editor Out of Harness 
English vs. American Mutton. — The New 
England Farmer has this paragraph; 
A prominent sheep breeder of New York, who 
has traveled extensively in Europe, recently 
gave his opinion of the cause of the superiority 
of English mutton over that, produced in Araor- 
ion in the simple sentence," They teed turnips." 
That sentence is rather too " simple." It *1101110 
have been that they feed turnips grown on 
English soli and in English climate. 
Wc take issue with the assumption that the 
best. English mutton is superior to the best 
American. We don’t believe it. We believe 
(and our belief is confirmed by the testimony 
of Englishmen who have eaten mutton in both 
countries, and who fattened sheep here and in 
England,) that we can and do produce just as 
good mutton here as is produced in England. 
The difference between the bulk of American 
mutton in the markets and the bulk of the 
English, is that ours is not the product of care¬ 
ful feeding and the English is. 
pieces nf extravagance—too costly Investments 
iu proportion to the per cent , of return they 
annually yield. If a portion of the expense in¬ 
curred in erecting them was directed in the way 
of increased production ; if the grain was 
threshed soon after harvest and near or on the 
Held upon which it is grown; if the hay were 
put in ricks on the land where it grows and fed 
out therein cheap, portable and yet comfort¬ 
able shelters, it would save an immense amount 
of hauling and handling grain, grass and ma¬ 
nure. 
Economy of Time and Labor, 
however, is something which has yet to be 
learned by the majority of farmers. The scar¬ 
city and high price of labor, in-doors and out,Is 
gradually teaching a much-needed lesson. The 
time is speedily coming when there will be the 
same skilled devices with this view as there are 
in the mechanic arts—when “hard times” will 
have thinned out or decimated the great army 
of thoughtless, non-calculating plodders who 
oall themselves farmers, but who are as little 
entitled to that title as a monkey is to be called 
a man. Capital and brains are yet to control 
the business of production just, as they do now 
that of manufacturing. Business talent and 
systematic business management on a farm are 
quite as sure to prove remunerative as in any 
mercantile or rnanufacturingbusiness, provided 
the same intelli ent knowledge of the theories 
and practical details of agriculture are super- 
added to the husiness qualifications. I have 
seen some examples which prove what I here 
assert, and they shall be recorded at another 
time. 
Milking Cows. 
"What a difference there is in cow manage¬ 
ment ! There across the fields, three-fourths of 
a mile away, is Jones— a wide-awake, driving 
fellow. In fact, he is too wide-awake! He 
keeps everybody and everything about him stir¬ 
red up. 1 am awakened in the morning by hear¬ 
ing him yelling at his cows, and by the barking 
of his yellow cur of a dog that he sends after 
Hop Prospects.— The following paragraph 
from Emmet Wells’ Hop Circular is a con¬ 
densed statement of the condition of tilings in 
the Imp regions and accords with our advices : 
Oar mail advices this week fully confirm the 
report*, wo copy herewith from uiir exchanges. 
By 1 hose report* it. will be seen that the chances 
for a good crop are considerably less encourag¬ 
ing loan a week ago. The great hop center of 
this .State, which embraces the Oneida, Water¬ 
ed le and SaugetUeld districts, are reported as 
being infos ten with vermin. Honey-dew has 
also made Its appearance to an alarming extent 
in some of the districts which, a week ago, 
gave promise ol a lair yield. Tue severity of 
the past winter, followed by a very late spring, 
and a severe and almost unprecedented drouth 
all through the month of June, has produced a 
most tclimg effect upon the hop plant of this 
country. Tne season is now too lar advanced 
to hope for much improvement in the crop, even 
should the weather lrom this time out prove 
the most lavorable. Tne cable reports the crop 
in England and Germany improving; the for¬ 
eign markets, in consequence, are dull and 
declining. 
How the Farmers of Illinois ore Doing,—We 
have the authority of Mr. S, M. Smith, Secre¬ 
tory of the State Farmers’ Association of Illi¬ 
nois. for the following: 
"The majority of the farmers of this State 
have hard work to support their families. Year 
by year new mortgages are given to pay new 
debts, and it is the exception rather than the 
rule lor a farmer to bo saving anything. At 
least une-half of the farms in this part of the 
State arc mortgaged for money borrowed at IU 
per cent, interest,and the majority of them will 
never be redeemed. Yet let it be known that a 
man in this village has *1,000 to lend on iirst- 
ciass security, and he will have a dozen appli¬ 
cations before night!” 
If such is the case, and if, as Mr. Smith as¬ 
serts, “In most cases the farmers have been ob- 
BUSINESS Nimukii 
Children, begin now to save your pennies, that 
when the long evenings come you can buy "Avilude, 
or Game Of Birds.” If your storekeeper has not got 
it, send seventy-five cents to West a Lee, Worces¬ 
ter, Mass., and it will he sent by mail, post-paid- 
“Avilude is a superior game,”— Worcester Falla- 
dium. 
Call for Eureka Machine Twist and Eureka But 
ton Hole Twist, if you want the best. 
