• la w 
INFLUENCE OF SOIL ON STOCK. 
__ 
[Continued from page 235, last number.) 
In Peru, the long acclimated breed of fowls 
at Cuzco, whose ancestors have lived forages 
in a hot climate, have chickens nearly naked, 
or without down, ami this is the case till the 
feathers grow. The newly Imported English 
bird ki covered wicli close down. (M. Roulnu 
quote ,1 !.) Pulcha!It's Nat. Hist, of jlau, n.tjs i 
Again, dogs of cold climates have generally 
two kinds of hair—a tine curly hair dose to 
the skin, and long silky hair. In tropical 
climates the power lessens, and finally disap¬ 
pears altogether, and the same thing happens 
in our dwellings which afford shelter'from 
inclement, temperature. 
It would seem, probably, that whatever in¬ 
fluence climate may exert on the hair, would 
he shown in the hide. Indeed, we are told bv 
Rovvlin. that the hides of the feral cultJc on 
the hot plains are always mud! h-ss heavy I 
than those of the cattle raised on the high 
platform of Bogota; and that, these hides 
yield m weight aud in thickness of hair to 
those of the cattle which have run wild on 
the lofty Paramos. (Dannis am. and pi. 
unde d. 1,11*:.) It is also worthy of remark 
that it is on the most highly famed cattle 
as to care and protection, that we lind that 
perfection of mellow lude so desirable alike 
to the fancier and grazier. 
The influence of climate on form is perhaps 
well marked. It is notorious, says Herbert 
Spencer (Prin. of Brolvevs 1,243). that in the 
Lnited States the descendants of the emi¬ 
grant Irish lose their Celtic aspect, and be¬ 
come Americanized, I have been told fre¬ 
quently by travelers that the. climate tended 
to individualize the form and features or 
the inhabitants of various sections of our 
country, and my own observation would add 
limited testimony that such is the fact. 
Among the many cases given by Waitz (Au- 
thropoiogy, p. hi), is the statement that In 
New South Wales, the children of European 
parents are apt to become tuil and lean 
■while the tendency among the European 
colonists at the Cape of Hood IIopois to grow 
fat, which reminds us, he says, of the large 
fat tails of the Cape sheep, and the fat hips 
of the native women. Dr. Falcptn testifies 
that in India, the descendants of bull dore 
lose the underhung character of their lower 
jaws, their muzzles become finer and their 
bodies lighter. (Donnus An. and PL under 
E, I, 33.) 
We have also testimony showing an influ¬ 
ence of climate over the’constitutional func¬ 
tions. Perhaps the most remarkable case is i 
one recorded by liroca (Human llybridity i 
p. pi), where he says: “ But the fact revealed < 
by Volriey, which is perfectly authentic, still i 
maintains its force, namely, that the Maine- i 
lakes, by the simple fact of change of conn- i 
try, had lost the power of engendering with 
MOORE’S RURAL MEW-fOBKEB. 
^ 0 n ° ul j s, . 1 “ ent °. f muscular tissue; and sold had been purchased by Mr. Campbell 
article?Ifavc n S n larg f ? such from some of the most eminent breeders of 
irsss^Kz: ass®^'"<ke.~-.w--.a.™™«- 
minded here of the statements in our daily 
papers, chat one of the trainers at the Col¬ 
lege Regatta at Sorincrflcld. in 1K73 nlf hAim-n 
plovmg him. 
the influence of locality very possibly in¬ 
cludes the three preceding divisions, if the 
market demands milk, or butter, ot* cheese 
or flesh alone, and will take but, one at a 
price that will pay the producer, this very 
fact influences t he breech Under the pres¬ 
sure of the demand a certain natural selec¬ 
tion is forced ou tho breeder, and his stock 
becomes almost unconsciously in a better 
condition to satisfy the market. It would be 
useless for the Texas brooder at. the present 
time to seek t he Improving of his cattle for 
milk; equally useless for the Herkimer Co 
dairymen to seek their profit from breeding 
the Texas steer. Locality in either case has 
determined tho direction and limited their 
choice. In the case given, the extremes are 
so dissimilar that tlm fact is easily brought 
tor ward that there is a choice of breeds and 
that this choice is determined in a measure 
by the locality, it may, perhaps, he easy to 
show that one place is suited for the raising 
ol a dairy breed, aud another for a grazing 
stock. It is suiheient to mention Herkimer 
comity and the blue-grass regions of Ken¬ 
tucky. The difficulty lies in determinin'' 
what are the limits placed on the breeding 
ot each class by totality, and, conversely, the 
Influence of locality on the breed. The most 
important influence, as 1 have sire-rested is 
the market, which determines the direction 
m winch profitable results can be realized 
tornobvwdum be improved unless increased 
profit follows change. 
When levels or undulatings are united with 
rich herhage and a temperate clime, we have 
the natural conditions for a grazing herd Tf 
is well understood at present, that, no change 
can occur m an animal without an eouiv 
ule.it expenditure of force. The animal 
whirl, lias to devote a large portion of the 
intakeu food with supplying the waste of 
lurec expended m constant, wanderings over 
oreeuer, and yet Ins purchases wonderfully 
increased in value on fils hands. Why i The 
secret was to be read almost entirely in the 
locality in which the stock was reared. That, 
locality is peculiarly adapted in its grasses for 
tho highest development of the Short-Horns 
He referred to the valley of the Mohawk, 
at a point, where it is watered by the Summit 
creek. 
This fact of the influence of locality needs 
to be well understood by breeders. Let not 
all of those who own Short-Horns think that 
they can attain to a like success to that 
achieved by Mr. Campbell, unless they have 
farms equally os favored as his. It is impos¬ 
sible that Snort-Horns can be brought, to 
their perfection all over the State, An elab¬ 
orate system of soiling will not accomplish it 
in delimit of a good farm, and tlio attempt 
to make up for poor soil with grain will not 
answer. Artificial feeding never yet pro* 
ducod a successful herd. The speaker then 
remarked that he was inclined to fear that 
the wonderful prices recently obtained at 
New York Mills would tempt dealers in 
Bhort-Horns to “ water their stock,” to uses, 
commercial term, and to arrive at a faulty 
valuation of cattle.—[Conclusion next week. 
DAIRY NOTES ON COLORADO. 
THIRD ARTICLE. 
A COLORADO BUTTER DAIRY. 
Mr. Rand’s stock numbers about lot) head 
of horned cattle, and he is milking 27 cows. 
The cows are the common “States’ cows”_ 
or what are usually called “native stock” at 
the East. Mr. It. is improving his herd by 
crossing with Durhauis, and some of the 
grades raised are giving milk. Like most 
other stock in Colorado the cows are allowed I 
a seal)t posture, or an overconfing quaht?jn 1° at aU * the year ; 
ascending hills and steep places, is at a disud- Jl1 ^ largei part of his calves, he. says, are 
vantage in storing fat or increasing growth drr >PP<td In February and March. The cows 
with >i.l it it.h/*t* tiniiiial . .. iii- a i 
RiV0 n,ilk !° r llboUt niue montha * aod the in Colorado and kept for breeding purposes, 
o f fat by inereasi n g t be labom of L tui^anim aF averft g ft ^ of per cow in August Is Restock growers who herd their cattle keep, 
the respiration is excited, oxygen in excess from seve " t0 ' ji Kht quarts per day. Earlier for the most part, half-breed stock ; that is, 
passes into the lungs, and a portion of the the season, when grass is green, the aver- tt oro3s between the Mexican and our com- 
i? n gh r 0 f? Brwi l e . b, ‘ c ‘ oin e fixed ag* « about 10 quarts per day, and as grass mon »»tive stock. Thu farmers depend upon 
bw0, T dl7 ’. th0 ,50WS * ield ^%ut Eastern cows, and are crossing with grede 
so far aa it is the art of economizing forces lts quality is richer. Indeed, Mr. Rand thinks Dm-hams. Mexican cattle are worth about 
is shown to be with that breeder who best t,mt cows pastured on Colorado grass will 2K<5. per pound, live weight. Mr. Rand’s 
ad justs Ids breed to his locality, give richer milk during any season than they sheep are a cross of the Merino and Cots- 
The grazer desires a level land and abund- would if pastured at the East on the usual wold, and he sold after shearing at the rate 
“ta SgS "UlMvawa grumes. From (to milk of SJcnw, of *» per hood. 
the physical circumstances of location hi he is muking 7-> pounds of butter per week, UTILIZING WATER FOR CRASS LANDS 
the valley of the Zus and many alluvial form- besWes w “at is used in his own family, which We have referred to one great advantage 
atious of Central f i mtecl States, the West numbers nine persons. He is also raising 21 that the Colorado dairyman has over fw 
-*"? T mm . ed «*• 
the market for beef, necessitates a grazing , ND 9HyB doe8 no<i clauu to manage his of food required to be stored for the winter 
breed for the acomplishment of the best re- butter makingafter the most approved meth- use of stock. In Colorado most of the winter 
suits Tn the murahey of the Elbe we have «ds; he is not acquainted with the cold food is cured on the ground, and stock graze 
inar.-h laud, level ami luxuriant, and a con- water “pool-plan” as practised in New York i l P on it during the winter months. The 
SKlCKWMl y-r.dhe lias no doubt his milk could bo^more 
and yielding abundant milk. The lack of the econoimcal >y worked. He. sells butter during ids cattle and feeding them during six monthl 
pure grasses appears here to check the grow- summer at an average price of 4tie. per pound. of the year, as at the East, can m Colorado 
adapted for beef. Size There are several dairies in his section hut devote this labor to the. raising of grain aud 
which characterizes the 8hoSSon1, V ml? the m&tSD * c l 'T’" SoU8in ' De,1 ‘ frncedldonbtle^ the best'''plan wouffbe^o 
best residts of our most profitable dairy vei at J Je. pei pound. 1 he dairies referred have a certain amount of grass laud set apart, 
breeds. Yet generations of breeding in the to ar « 05 follows : for wiutcr use. Hero the crop would cure 
location. 1. Clark, Jo ; E. Currier. 12, and other could pick as needed. But as grass grows 
It is stated bv Luhy that exercise increases I i ar mers in the neighborhood about this mini- with much more luxuriance and vigor when 
the quantity of caseine in the miik of the berof cows. irrigated, sumo plan should be inaugurated 
fJSJJ*, S.- h^ier this Ui yet proved or not, oim renting rnwc for using the water when not needed for 
beat dany districts are hilly and undulating rT T RENTING cows. gram aud other crops. Mr. Rand’s nlun is 
regions, i he cllloet of these regions seems to H. Langdon has a herd of 30 cows, and to give grass lands a good irrigation in Mav 
be to improve the quality of the milk, wlieth- vents, receiving at the rate of $3 per head per T j ieu use it on grain and other crops, and 
oWs^’Thlliiw.irun t ? butter or month, and the cows run on the common aft ® r fc bese have been properly supplied the 
cheese The unevenaurfnees and occasional ... U1 , rp nthenirenf tiw.m water may be again turned upon the grass 
higli elevations ol these regions secure rm- 1 ” e ‘ 0 ‘ tllLir herds, getting $10 lands. In this way the water on the grass 
merous springs, flowing waters, and the con- P er cow f° r fhe season. There are about 300 crop would be no expense except the com- 
densation of vapor, which produces frequent cows in Mr. Rand’s neighborhood. That is Paratively trifling cost of distributing it over 
Ssrui hssnsus StsluFs to * « u t ° r f,>i " ^ ^ 
a lighter and more active frame than’the as . yet ’ not man ^ fer,ces to keep cattle in cer- WASTTlwr rttttvu 
grazing breeds, mid of a hardier constitution tam prescribed limits in this section, but Mr. uuiii.it. 
better fitted for the production of milk. ’ Rand thinks it would be better to fence and nmmra . * 
It is plain to my mind that the hreed«i* xtrhn n,.. _... . , - , , during the past year, several of vour cor- 
selects that auiniai best, suited to his locality v " ep . ? cow , 1 P asturea aet apart for their respondents have strongly advised “never to 
is utilizing a force capable of large results special use rather than suffer them to roam wash butter.” I have uut been beguiled by 
His efforts deal with fewer complications and at wiU over tb e common range. them, having before experimented suffioient- 
require far leas attention than n 
economizing forces, 
in New York. There may be frosty nights, 
but the ground does not freeze. In January, 
cold weather may be expected ; but Febru¬ 
ary is a nice month, when frost is generally 
out of the ground, and if there has been rain 
enough to wet the ground, farmers begin to 
plow, March is the most unpleasant month 
of the year. Storms of snow and rain are 
not unfrequent, and live stock running un¬ 
protected suffer more in March than during 
any other month. The dry season may be 
said to commence about the first of June, 
and the hottest months nre July and August. 
Mr. Rand says that fodder corn can be read¬ 
ily grown, and of course can bo used as a soil¬ 
ing crop ; or in tho dry atmosphere of Colo¬ 
rado is easily cured for winter fodder. 
THE SAGE BRUSH. 
Mr. Rand says he finds no trouble on ac¬ 
count of cows eating sage brush except in 
winter, when grass is short. Co ws then wiil 
eat the sage, and of course it gives a taint to 
the milk. But, sago brush, he says, is easily 
killed by plowing the land over. ‘ In natural 
pastures it can be readily exterminated by 
cutting tho plants out with a brush scythe, 
and it will not sprout up again when cut out 
by the root. But Mr. Rand Rays it is only in 
extreme cases when cows cannot get a sup¬ 
ply of grass that they will eat it. Sheep eat 
it, and seem more fond of it than other stock. 
ANOTHER SAD WEED. 
There is another weed that gives a bad 
taint to milk—the wild onion ; but none of 
importance are found growing on the high 
prairies, as the soil is too dry for the plants. 
THE PRICE OF OATTLE. 
Mr. Rand says that good dairy cows in this 
part of Colorado are now worth about $50 
pei head, and tho price has not varied for 
several years. Steers bring 3c. per pound, 
live weight, delivered at Denver. They are 
purchased hy stock dealers to lake to Iowa 
to be stall feu for the Chicago aud Eastern 
markets. A throe-years-old steer, weighing 
about 1,000 pounds, will bring from $30 to 
#35. Heifers are not sold, but are retained 
in Colorado and kept for breeding purposes. 
I ho stock growers who herd their cattle keep, 
for the most part, half-breed stock ; that is’ 
a cross between the Mexican and our com- 
conceive when two years old, while in the 
much hotter country of Paraguay they do 
not conceive till three years old, (Quad, of 
sky the Egyptian goose Jays about the end 
of December or tirsl of January, and the care, 
of the young is thus in a severe season in 
France. But for the same individual and its 
progen}', the layings repeated in 1344 was m 
Febiuary, in 1M5 in March, and since then in 
April, tIsidore. Geoffrey St. Helair, Comni. 
Rend., Oct., 1S47.) 
The effect of elimutu on health is too gene¬ 
rally known to require elaboration. How¬ 
ever th" facts reported by Prof. Law (Trans. 
N’. Y. Ag. Soc., 1370, p. 37) that attempts to 
breed high class Leicester sheep on the 
Scotch Lamniennoor hills, and m some ex¬ 
posed parts of Yorkshire, had to be aban¬ 
doned because of their deterioration or their 
liability to pleurisy ; and that sheep brought 
from the tropics to the Zoological Gardens, 
London, invariably died of consumption 
under two years after their arrival, will show 
the necessity of discrimination in selecting 
animals for dclinite localities. 
From this review of the effect of climate 
on the animal nature, we may reasonably 
infer that a study of these and other results 
will be of service to the breeder, in the selec¬ 
tion of the right animal for his location, in 
order that his attempts to improve may be 
founded on the principles of science. 
U’e are ah acquainted with Lheintluenc; of 
the effect of the soli, this fact plainly appears. 
The special effect of the food is not so uni¬ 
versally known. Van Nathuseua, as quoted 
by Dannus (An. & PI. under D. 1, Hi), states 
positively as the result of common experience 
and of ius experiments, that rich and abund¬ 
ant food, given during youth, tend by some 
direct action to make the head of swine 
broader and shorter. In the swine, again, 
according to Cuvier, the effect of food has 
been to increase the length of intestine as 
suits. Tn the murshe, of the Elbe we have 
marsh laud, level and luxuriant, and a con¬ 
stant demand for dairy produce ; we there 
find the large, Dutch breed coarse framed 
aud yielding abundant milk. The lack of the 
pure grasses appears here to check the grow¬ 
ing ol animals better adapted for beef Size 
i' produced, bub not the tendency toward fat 
which characterizes the Short-Horn, nor the 
best results of our most profitable dairy 
breeds. Yet generations of breeding in the 
hands of the jiai us taking Dutch farmer have 
shown them to be well adapted to their 
location. 
It is stated by Luhy that exercise increases I 
the quantity of caseine m the milk of the | 
1 , * ... VVVMllJ UV 
be to improve the quality of the milk, wheth¬ 
er considered with reference to butter or 
cheese. The uneven surfaces and occasional 
high elevations of these regions secure nu¬ 
merous springs, flowing waters, and the con¬ 
densation of vapor, which produces frequent 
showers as a preventive to drouth. The 
cattle found in such locations arc usually of 
a lighter and more active frame than the 
ftraziwg bree< is f and of a hardier constitution 
better tinted for tlio production of milk. 
^ experimwlts, that riSi mufabund- ST* ^ ^ ? 
aecmdhig to Cuvier,' tlm effect of1ood°'£ must Tlv^off atter’v^rs ''71 iK 
SSStKlff tto gaoled 6 by ^T™ 
Daner An A- PI nn,4pr n i ere 1 v, ,.i ... , . , . , aQ attaining success trorn a breed 
wwi ti.e influence or food in thp Lfir tome by lU “ nnt,lr ‘‘ 1 conditions 
of tnedeuy now, especially the AyndV It th „ .. 
“v wuiuivu i imaui « « , y * - ■ 1 uuuiwivnir 
ly ; but as 1 am anxious to learn and adopt 
RAINS. any improvement, I would like to know how 
Mr. Rand sava that July and August may <luriu P J'»ue, July and August, butter con be 
be colled the rainy season in the mountain*, 8fKr‘2$TmonSs^^StjfKhe 
and the storms reach down on the plains the purest air in the world, have a «wecter 
about five miles from the foot-hills. On the and more nutritious herbage than i 3 to be 
plains the .showers falling in March and April tV>,mri itl a moLstcr climate ; no swamp grass, 
are sufficient to wet the grounds so as to JfnSSrf water, and the 
is well known that trainers of thoroughbred 
colts feed largely with oats, to develop the 
muscles, aud thus give endurance and (tower, 
it is also well known that tho Western horses 
are what is technically called “soft,” as com¬ 
pared with the Canadian. It is probable that 
tne corn * ec * in The West, where it is the sta- 
Fr ' and the oats in Canada, may account for 
classe Orett0e in e,ltiuriu S powers of the two 
f <9 tl Food, p. 151) says that an ex- 
uls ol respiratory food not only promotes 
the growth of fat, but actually interferes with 
Mr. I D. Curtis thenopened the discussion 
which ensued. He had been impressed with 
the soundness and importance of the views 
set forth in the paper which had just been 
read. 1 he recent sale of stea k a t New York 
Mills was ui many respects the most remark¬ 
able one that had ever taken place in the 
world, and was a source of just pride and 
gratification to Mr. Campbell. But there 
was just this one thing to be said about the 
sale—that unless the circumstances surround¬ 
ing it were well understood, it might work 
damage to the particular breed of stock 
which was so highly appreciated. The stock 
admit of plowing with two horses. 
FIRST SNOW. 
The first snow falls about the 1st of Octo¬ 
ber, sometimes threo or four inches deep, but 
it lasts only a day or so, and often but a few 
hours, as it melts away nearly as fast as it 
conies. Slight frosts make their appearance 
about the first of October, and perhaps there 
will be one snow storm in each of the three 
months—October, November and December ; 
but the weather during these months is usual¬ 
ly very pleasant, resembling Indian summer 
» ». w ,,, I ’O ■> | Uiuu uuo 
cleanliness “f my milk house and utensils is 
evinced by the fact that with the ther- 
J T1; ' n ,^' r ranging during the day at from HO 0 
to 100 in t he shade, milk kept perfectly sweet 
l or 43 hours. I cannot make butler that will 
keen without washing, no matter how well 
"worked ; but made and kept undor the same 
conditions, but vr»;*)l vvadnxl, I have no difll 
culty in producing a good article. It has 
seemed to me that the lo?3 of flavor and 
annua, said to be due to Washing, is attrib¬ 
utable to the salt instead. I can never dis¬ 
cover the nutty flavor and aroma as plain 
after salting ; but it seems to me to be plainer 
after washing than before. New Mexico. 
Cimarron, New Mexico. 
