butter; factories. 
What is needed at this time in Colorado is 
the establishment of butter factories on the 
improved plan as conducted in New York. 
This will insure an uniform fine-flavored 
“gilt edged’’ product- a boon to consumers 
—while the associated system relieves the 
fanner’s family from the drudgery of manu¬ 
facture. There are already neighborhoods 
where from 200 to 300 cows can bo bad for 
this business, and we advise our Colorado 
friends to make themselves acquainted with 
the plan, build one or more factories, and 
employ a skillful manager, and wc think 
they will find t here is money in the business. 
A WORD MORE CONCERNING GRASS AND DAIRY LANDS. 
In our remarks concerning the dairy lands 
of Colorado, it should be understood that wo 
have had reference to such localities as are 
best adapted to grass lands that receive more 
moisture than those far out on the plains— 
lands that are adapted to irrigation, or may 
have been to some extent, moistened by 
water. The statements of Mr. Packard, 
Mr. Rand and others in regard to the quan¬ 
tity of land required for pasturage per cow, 
must bo taken fer their particular localities, 
as showing what certain sections favorably 
located or under special management are 
capable of producing. They are not pretended 
us an average of the whole country ; for if 
we go out upon the plains, where the pastur¬ 
age is t,lnn and the grass light, the land is 
capable of sustaining much fewer cattle than 
in a well watered country. Judging from 
wlmt wo saw, we should say that a range of 
5,000 acres of this light grass of the plains 
would be no more than sufficient for 500 
head of cattle. 
Millions of acres arc here spread out in vast, 
plains of grass, which are now in part em¬ 
ployed in pasturage. Immense numbers of 
cattle in the aggregate roam over these 
ranges, and It would bo difficult even for 
stockmen to state with any degree of exact¬ 
ness the quantity of land required per cow. 
But when fields have been inclosed and tlieir 
productiveness tested in pasturing cattle for 
the season, or for a Certain length of time, 
men are supposed to know pretty near what 
they are talking about. Of the grasses which 
we saw growing on meadow lands, wo feel 
fully competent to judge pretty correctly ns 
to the crop—so with standing grains. But of 
the pastures it was quite different, and we 
confess to a feeling of wonderment, often, 
in passing through the country, to find sleek, 
fat animals thriving on what appeared to us 
to bo “beggarly fare.” 
THE PARKS. 
Gen. Cameron, whom we met at Greeley, 
and many others with whom vve conversed, 
and who had given special attention to the 
question of grass lands in Colorado—all united 
in the.opinion that the Parks of the Kooky 
Mountains were the localities which could 
hardly be surpassed in all tlieir elements of 
adaptation to dairy operations. A writer in 
Lippincott’s Magazine, in referring to some 
of these Barks, has very clearly described 
then - character, lie says : 
The Park itself is 9,812 feet above the sea 
level, or hall' as high again as Mount Wash¬ 
ington. The surrounding rim is some two 
thousand feet higher, while in the distance, 
north, south ? and west, may be seen the 
snowy summits, fourteen thousand feet high, 
of Gray’S Peak, Pike's Peak, Mount Lincoln, 
parks the cattle live without shelter in win¬ 
ter, and the timber is large and plentiful at 
eleven thousand feet elevation. Glaciers are 
wanting, but instead we have the rich vege¬ 
tation, the wide range of mountains, the 
pure, ary, and balmy atmosphere, and a va¬ 
riety, a depth and a softness of color which 
can hardly be equaled ou earth. 
SCENERY, &C. 
We have not attempted a description of 
Colorado scenery. The mountains are thick 
with canons unsurpassed in beauty, and at 
every step presenting lovely and charming 
pictures in infinite variety, while the awful 
grandeur of the lofty crags and snow-clad 
peaks can only be appreciated when seen 
“face to face,” For the pleasure-seeker and 
invalid, Colorado is fast becoming a favorite 
resort, and the time cannot bo far distant 
When it will be esteemed as the grand “wa¬ 
tering place” of the Continent*. 
In conclusion, we desire to express our ob¬ 
ligations to W. Hally, Esq., Secretary of 
Colorado Stock Growers’ Association, for 
valuable information and certain attentions 
while in Denver. 
by these parties. Kittson’s cattle were fre¬ 
quently stolen by these thieves, and he made 
up his mind he would follow the matter up 
and regain his property, if possible. 
It was a very difficult and hazardous under¬ 
taking, for the route taken by the stolen 
herds was 500 or 600 miles long, and it could 
not bo doubted that those engaged in this 
cattle robbery would bo hostile to all parties 
attempting to recover the stolen cattle. 
Kittson, however, had the courage for the 
undertaking, and ho was determined to re¬ 
cover whatever of his property he could find 
and punish, through the proper courts, the 
guilty parties. As all his cattle are branded 
and marked alike, it was an easy matter to 
identify the auimais ; so ho came on to Den¬ 
ver and outfitted three parties of 30 men 
onf'h, which were well armed and sent South. 
He followed, and obtained another strong 
guard in New Mexico. The country was then 
scoured, and in a few weeks resulted in se¬ 
curing, ns heretofore stated, the recovery of 
about 5, (IN 10 head of cattle which had been 
stolen from llitti, and although ho met with 
strenuous opposition from the people, he suc¬ 
ceeded In getting his cattle away. When he 
got tojLos Vegas, the court was in session, 
and some of the parties from whom he had 
taken his own cattle secured indictments 
against him to the number of a dozen or 
more. He gave the requisite bail and went 
home. When the cases came on he was 
promptly on the ground, and the trial re¬ 
sulted in his favor. The nerve and pluck 
displayed in this transaction lias given Kitt¬ 
son great notoriety in the South-west, and 
will, no doubt, have a tendency to check, in 
some degree, cattle thieving. At least, il' 
the Government cannot put a stop to this 
nefarious business, the plan adopted by Kitt¬ 
son points the way in which this matter may 
be solved. 
Kittson is favorably impressed as to the 
resources of Colorado as a stock country. 
The immense cattle ranges, the nutrition of 
the grasses and the freedom from loss of cat¬ 
tle by thieving or otherwise, render it a fa- 
vored ground for the stock grower. 
A CHEESE DAIRY. 
We did not hear of many cheese dairies in 
the Territory, but some few have been es¬ 
tablished. Last year, according to a state¬ 
ment made by Hon. W. F. Stone of Pueblo, 
Dr. Wm. A. Bell, an Englishman of wealth 
and enterprise, residing at Colorado Springs, 
carried out the experiment of establishing a 
large, dairy iu the West Mountain Valley for 
the manufacture of cheese, with marked 
success. About 5,000 pounds ol’ cheese were 
made last season, and found a ready market 
at 40c. per pound, and Mr. Stone says “ So 
long as in this country milk brings 10c. per 
quart and butter and cheese40c. and fi()c. per 
pound, with only the expense of hording in 
addition to milking and manufacturing, iln* 
branch of industry certainly ought not to be 
neglected.” 
WHAT BREEDS OF CATTLE ARE BEST FOR COLORADO 
DAIRYING. 
We wore frequently asked the question 
while in Colorado in regard to the breed of 
This is not 
DAIRY NOTES ON COLORADO 
FOURTH ARTICLE. 
JACK H1TTS0N, THE CATTLE KINO. 
On returning from our two weeks’ excur¬ 
sion among the canons and mines of the 
Rocky Mountains, we met at Denver John 
Hittson, the great cattle king of the Conti¬ 
nent. We learned a good many things in 
our interview with Mr. Kittson, confirming 
what we have said concerning Colorado as a 
stock country. Kittson is an interesting 
character, of fino personal appearance, tall 
and well proportioned, with a splendid phy¬ 
sique, apparently able to accomplish what 
he undertakes, and though possessed of great 
courage, as his daring exploits and the scars 
of Indian bullets and arrows on his body tes¬ 
tify to, still he is modest aud unassuming in 
his bearing. 
CATTLE BY THE MILE. 
Some of the Western stockmen insist that 
the proper way of conveying an idea of Kitt¬ 
son’s immense herds, is to estimate them by 
the mile ; but we have no time to work out 
mathematical problems, aud shall therefore 
give Mr. Kittson’s statement to ns in plain 
round numbers. Ko says he does nob really 
know the exact number of cattle in his herds, 
but. be knows that they number fully one 
hundred thousand head, to say nothing of 
his horse*. Ills cattle have been assessed for 
taxation In Texas at an average valuation of 
$3 per head, aud lie pays taxes on the num¬ 
ber ns stated above. Mr. IIlTTSTON comes 
originally from Palo-Pin to, Palo-Pinto Co., 
Texas, but now makes his headquarters at 
Deer Trail, on the Kansas Pacific R.R., in 
Douglas Co., Colorado. Ho has about 15,000 
head of cattle in this vicinity. His cattle are 
mainly in Texas, though a considerable num¬ 
ber are in Colorado and Kansas. This year 
he has about 13,000 calves which are being 
raised in Colorado. Mr. Kittson has spent 
the greater portion of his life on the borders 
of Texas ; and after eighteen years’ hard 
work, during which he has labored often in 
the midst of perils and dangers, “ carrying 
his life in his hand,” so to speak, ho has 
amassed a fortune, and among the fruits of 
his labor can show a herd of cattle the lar gest, 
perhaps, in the world owned by one person, 
ami worth on the ground where they are 
herded, it is estimated, one and a half mil¬ 
lions of dollars. 
HIS EXPLOITS Y/ITH THE GATTLE THIEVES. 
A little over one year ago Kittson and his 
men made an excursion into New Mexico to 
obtain cattle which had been stolen from his 
herds. Tie found them, and identifying the 
animals by his brand, drove them away to 
the number of over 5,000 head. Suita were 
brought against him by the Now Mexican 
people, but in these he was successful in 
proving his claim, and came off victorious. 
He says the depredations on the Texas bor¬ 
ders are quite frequent, and that our losses 
in cattle are very heavy, much larger than 
most Texans have any idea. These depreda¬ 
tions are committed directly by Comanche 
and Kiowa Indians and their allies. But 
there are three separate parties connected 
with the thefts :—First and chiefest, are a 
set of men in New Mexico—merchants, who 
occupy prominent and responsible positions 
before the public ; next are what are termed 
Camanchero-, a low, desperate class of 
“ Greasers,” who are in the employ of these 
merchants to perform the dirty work and 
act as go-betweens ; then come the Indians 
spoken of. Tlieir plan of operation is this : 
The merchants or principals, furnish the C«- 
rnuncheros with provisions, blankets, trink¬ 
ets and other tilings which an Indian admires 
and will work for. The Camancheros go to 
Che tribes with whom they are on friendly 
footing—being half-blooded, some of them— 
and make known their wants, or give their 
order, for a nice herd of Texas cattle. The 
Indians who live upon this business, at once 
stare off on their thieving mission, and are 
not unfrequently accompanied by Mexicans, 
who are, on such occasions, much more sav¬ 
age and expert than the Indiana themselves. 
The range is so vast" that the cattle cannot 
be kept under observation even by numerous 
herders. These thieves go upon the range, 
round up as many as they want, and drive 
them off. If they meet a herd driving North, 
and find that they can overpower the herd¬ 
ers, they are always ready to make the at¬ 
tack. If they cannot get off without loss of 
life, they will kill the herders and make their 
escape. It is no uncommon thing to strike 
the trail where herds containing from 1,000 
to 2,000 and even 3,000 cattle have been gath¬ 
ered and driven out across the staked plains 
GORGED STOMACHS IN HORSES 
Tun Canada Farmer says :—Gorged stom¬ 
achs, or acute indigestion, is a disease which 
every year destroys a great many valuable 
horses. It consists either iu distension of the 
stomach from food or from gas generated by 
the fermentation of its undigested contents. 
This very serious disorder often results 
from giving food in largo quantities and im¬ 
mediately subjecting the animal to hard or 
fast work. This is a very common tiling 
among farmer’s horses. A journey of fifteen 
or twenty miles has to be performed ; the 
owner, through kindness, gives an extra 
quantity of food ; the stomach and bowels 
are overloaded ; the horse begins his journey 
full of spirits, and, after traveling for a few 
miles, ho becomes dull and sluggish and 
sweats freely ; lie is pulled up, and after 
standing for a few moments, shows signs of 
abdominal pains by cringing the body aud 
attempting to lie down ; t he fianks are slight¬ 
ly swollen. Di a few moments ho seems 
easier, and is driven on, now and then show¬ 
ing symptoms of pain ; possibly he reaches 
his destination, and is taken out of the har¬ 
ness, when he may exliibit very alarming 
symptoms. 
Another common cause is feeding heavily 
when tho stomach has been weakened by 
enervating exorcise or long fasting. 
In road horses that are highly fed on outs 
and hay, it is occasionally brought on by 
giving a quantity of green clover or tares 
immediately after performing a fust journey. 
NOTES FOR HORSEMEN 
Mr. Roger's Scratches Remedy. —I would 
like to ask Mr. Roger's “ to rise and cx- 
pliun ” the philosophy of his remedy for 
“scratches on horses” which, lie gives in the 
Rural New-Yorker of July 2fi. My objec¬ 
tions are first, the absurdity of curing a dis¬ 
ease of the skm by applying an ointment to 
the sole of the foot is apparent to any one 
who will take the trouble to think but for a 
moment. Second, why use a mixture of 
drugs, which wifi cost more or loss, when 
one simple article, such us white lead, will 
answer every purpose and cost almost noth¬ 
ing. We do not deny that his remedy will 
effect a cure ; but scratches, as all know, is 
a disease of the skin and not of the foot, 
quite frequently affecting the leg above the 
knee, and how a remedy can be applied to 
the loot so ns to cure this, is what we want 
to know.—J. B. S., Harlem Springs, O. 
CoUo in Horses.—Can you give any reme¬ 
dy for colic in horses. For want or one at 
band, I came near losing a horse nob long 
since. Give us one.— P. G., Xenia, 0. 
The following we have seen tried with 
success:—Melt a pint of hog’s lard over a 
slow fire, add soot from the chimney until 
it becomes as thick as oream, add two or 
three pods of red popper, pour the mixture 
in a bottle and give to the animal. If the 
horse is not quickly relieved, repeat the dose. 
To Keep Flics from IJorsca .—A corres¬ 
pondent of the Rural New-Yorkeii asks : 
“ Is there anything I can get to put on horses 
to keep the flies from biting them?” Pen¬ 
nyroyal tea has been recommended as effi¬ 
cient ; also, dilute carbolic acid. The juice 
of walnut leaves, or a steep inode of them is 
said to be effectual. We have never tried 
any of these things and do not personally 
know that they are effectual. 
cattle best for Colorado dairies, 
a question which one can pronounce upon 
with confidence, whose sojourn in tho Terri 
tory was as brief asthat, of our*. In the first 
place, one must know something as to what 
is required of the animal. If milk, and only 
milk was required, a different breed, might 
be selected than where stock growing for 
beef as well as milk was sought after. In a 
country like Colorado, we suppose it would 
pay well for farmers Lo raise all the calves 
dropped. Tho males would be, for the most 
part, converted into steers, and a good sized 
animal, and one that would come to matur¬ 
ity early and take on fat rapidly would, it is 
evident, command more money than an ani¬ 
mal not possessing these qualities. If milk 
and beef, then, be the object of tho farmer, 
we should say that the Short-Korn is admi¬ 
rably adapted to bis purpose. And if he 
have an average herd of common cows, a 
good Short-Korn bull (pure-blooded) will get 
him grades that will pretty well meet his 
wants. Further improvement will be made 
by crossing tho grades with thoroughbred 
Short-Horns, and this improvement can be 
brought about at moderate expense. So far 
as wc observed, the Short-Horn blood seemed 
well adapted to the country. 
The Ayrshires are large milkers, and the 
Jeraeys yield an exceedingly rich milk : but 
the stock dealers who are picking up cattle 
In Colorado to drive to Iowa or other States 
there to be fattened on corn, for Eastern 
markets, will prefer cattle that have Short- 
Korn blood. But we have no space here to 
discuss this question in all its details, and we 
leave it for the present, and may take it up 
in a subsequent article by itself. 
aud 
Other Titans, without muse or name 
The South Park lg sixty miles long and 
thirty wide, with a surface like a rolling 
prairie, and contains hills, groves, lakes, ami 
streams in beautiful variety. It formerly 
abounded with buffalo and other game, and 
was a favorite winter hunting-ground of the 
Indians, and tho white trappers, but since 
the great influx of miners the buffalo have 
mostly disappeared. Such, however, is the 
excellence of the pasture that great herds 
of cattlu are driven up hero to feed during 
tho summer. Several towns and villages 
have sprung up around the mines In this 
vicinity, such as Hamilton, Fair]day, and 
Tarryall, to which a. stage-coach runs three 
times a week f rom Denver. 
In our old atlases, forty years ago, we used 
to see the Rocky Mountains laid down us a 
great central chain or backbone of the conti¬ 
nent ; but they are rather a congeries of 
groups scattered overall area of six hundred 
miles in width and a thousand miles long; 
among them are hundreds of these parks, 
from n few acres in extent to the size of the 
State of Massachusetts. These mountains 
differ so entirely from those usually described 
by travelers the Alps, the Scottish High¬ 
lands, and the White Mountains, that one 
can scarcely believe that this warm air 
and rich vegetation exis<* ten thousand feet 
above the sea. In climate the Colorado 
mountains approach more nearly to the 
Andes, where the snow-line vanes from 
fourteen thousand to seventeen thousand 
feet. Here snow begins at twelve thousand 
feet, and increases in quantity to the extreme 
bight of the tallest peaks, about fourteen thou¬ 
sand two hundred and fifty feet, though even 
* these are often hare in August. In these 
