veterinary chemist, delivered an address 
upon the subject which heads this article. 
In the course of his remarks he alluded to 
the complications arising from the feeding of 
roots in England. In relation to the feeding 
of mangold he said : 
I Mangold in a wet and warm season are too 
quickly grown, or, in other words, are not 
grown to u state of maturity, and this is what 
causes all food of a like nature to disagree 
when given alone, or in too large quantity, 
because it consists of nine-tentlis water, and 
lacks the clement in the form necessary to 
produce flesh and blood and consequently 
give strength ; but if a nitrogenous or flesh- 
forming element in the shape of peas, oil¬ 
cake, grain, or food of like nature, be given, 
mangold may not only be fed with impunity 
from evil consequences, but with positively 
good effect. 
When diarrhea is produced from the effects 
of soft blood or unripe growth, a change to 
dry food and grains containing nitrogen, as, 
bran, oats, et«., is advisable ; but if the diar¬ 
rhea is prolonged after the change in keep 
has been carried out, give something to assist 
Nature in carrying off the offending matter, 
for which purpose give to each sheep, linseed 
oil, two or three ounces ; opium powdered, 
five grains, or a teaspoouful of laudanum in 
giaiel on two following mornings, after 
which, should the diarrhea continue, it may 
be found necessary to give astringent ant 
acid medicine, for the mucous membrane 
having become relaxed and weakened by 
the previous irritation, a faulty action may 
be set up, which continues, although the 
irritation which caused it may have been 
removed. Therefore, in such cases, the fol¬ 
lowing will be found valuable .—Take pre¬ 
pared chalk, one ounce ; powdered catechu, 
one-half ounce ; powdered ginger, one-fourth 
ounce ; powdered opium, one dram ; bicar¬ 
bonate of potass, four drams; peppermint 
water to eight ounces. Of this let two table¬ 
spoonfuls be given twice a day: a propor¬ 
tionate dose to very young sheep. 
We now come to a disease very fatal to 
young sheep, and one which, I fear, is greatly 
on the increase, and from which there have 
been immense losses to flock owners ; and it 
seems to me somewhat strange that they 
have gone on losing their flocks, not by an 
odd one or two, but in some Coses by scores, [ 
with a listlessness of effort that to me ap¬ 
pears unaccountable. The first we hear of is 
this “ i am losing a large number of lambs 
from scour, and I think there is something 
in my keep that bus been prejudicial, or does . 
not suit their digestion and when asked ( 
what has been done for them, the reply Is 
generally, “ I have changed the food ; they ! 
were on clover, and I changed them to old ; 
grassor, “ They were on bare pasture f 
where the ewes had been, and now I put 
them on clover ; but that makes no differ- 
cnee.” 
Here, again, diarrhea was looked upon as 
the cause of the mortality; whereas, upou 
inquiry, it is found that they have coughed 
very much, almost incessantly, producing ]' 
evident distress. The animal does not obtain 1 
uny relief by the act of coughing, and a ° 
greater obstruction is put upon the proper U . 
aeration of the blood. Emaciation of the 
frame ensues, rapidly ending in death. The 
appetite is capricious, or almost wanting, , 
the diarrhea becomes aggravated, the thirst ‘V 
is intolerable, and the poor sufferer madly f 
laps at anything of the character of a liquid, V 
straining with the back arched and feet, V 
drawn together, and in this attitude voids 
small quantities of very stinking matter 
sometimes tinged with blood. 
This trying, and, jf neglected, fatal disease f 0 < 
is caused by the presence of a parasite in the en 
throat, and called the Filar la branchiulis, a usi 
short account of which may not be uniuter- y e 
eating. ‘ irc 
It appeal’s that if one or two of the worms f cl 
get into the bronchial tubes, they are. quite tin 
sufficient to lay the foundation of extensive 
disease. Passing as far as they can through 
the bronchial tubes, they enter the air cells 
of the lungs, and deposit their ova or eggs A 
by myriads ; and hy means of these foreign for 
bodies an irritation is sot up, first in the lin- low 
mg membrano of the air cells, and then in the 
the lung itself. It is estimated that one of sea 
these worms will produce millions upon mil- aftt 
lions of eggs, and thus we can form some wit 
idea of the amount of mischief that ensues, low 
And 1 have no doubt this is propagated by co t 
the expulsion of some of these worms or thoj 
their ova in the act of eougidng, which are tity 
again taken up by other lambs while feeding, tun 
This may account for the Hock not all being qua 
affected with the same symptom at the same shet 
time, but gradually falling as the disease som 
makes progress by the development of these £“4 
destructive pests. u is • 
ss As delay in the treatment of this disease 
e. makes the cure more difficult ; therefore it 
to will be wise to have a rigid examination of 
>f the first dead carcass to determine the cause 
ig of death. Prof. Himonds says, in making a 
section of the lungs, taking the smallest pos- 
,0 sible quantity upon the end of a knife, just 
,t sufficient to soil a piece of glass; you will see 
it in the space of the size of a drop of water, 
, e millions of eggs just hat ched ; and if you can 
- find the worm itself, you will see eggs in all 
,1 stages of development, so that she brings 
0 forth the young in a living form, and also in 
v form of eggs more or less mature. Now, the 
j. diarrhea here is not a disease primarily af- 
I. footing the alimentary canul, therefore it can 
1( be of no use to give astringent medicine, nor 
y will a change of food produce any good re- 
y suit. But our endeavof must be to get rid of 
the worm as it exists in the bronchial tube 
H or windpipe, and to root out the disease 
f) which has been produced in the JungB. The 
inhalation of sulphurous acid gas, or chlorine 
gas, will be found a ready means where the 
j flock is large. Place the sheep in an out- 
f house, where they can be made to inhale the 
fumes of sulphur thrown from time to time 
j upon burning tar, so as thoroughly to impreg¬ 
nate the air. By this means tlic parasite may 
| either be destroyed, or caused to quit the 
parts. The chlorine gas fumigation, though 
, an efficient agent, is, in the hands of a care¬ 
less person, very likely to kill the sheep, but, 
, if conducted as follows, can produce no ill 
’ effect. 
Having driven the sheep into a convenient 
place, get some chlorinated lime (usually 
called chloride of lime), and make it into a 
creamy consistence with water in a dish; 
upon this pour gently sulphuric acid, and 
chlorine gas will be disengaged, which, when 
sufficient lias been disengaged to make it un¬ 
pleasant to;the operator, lie should retire, 
taking the apparatus with him, and leaving 
the animals to inhale the medicated air. 
After this, give some such mixture as the fol¬ 
lowing Take powdered niter, half pound ; 
common salt, three pounds ; powdered gin¬ 
ger, half pound; boiling water, three gallons; 
when nearly cold, add spirit of turpentine, 
twenty-four ounces, and shake all well to¬ 
gether, The dose of this for lambs four to 
six months old is two ounces or four table¬ 
spoon fuls. These doses may be repeated 
every second or third day for a few times; 
and in localities where this disease prevails, 
a few doses should be given in July and 
August. This will often prevent the scouring 
and mortality so common among lambs when 
fed upon turnips. Lindsecd-cake, peas, beans, 
or grain should be given unsparingly in every 
case of this kind, and it should lie given 
before the diarrhea has rendered the digest¬ 
ive organs too weak to assimilate the food, 
for we know, by our own experience, t hat 
when we suffer from indigestion no food, 
however good, agrees with us or docs us good, 
So will food, not digested in the Iamb’s stom- 
uch when weakened by disease, act as an irri¬ 
tant to the stomach and bowels, and will 
puss through the intestinal canal unappropri¬ 
ated and undigested. There are some forms t 
of diarrhea dependent entirely upon worms t 
in the alimentary canal, which cause direct t 
irritation of the mucous membrane of the in- I „ 
testines. It is always difficult to discover the j 1 
cdpdtl %0}]. t i. 
CORN—ITS COST IN EASTERN N. Y. 
As I am a farmer, I will give brief details 
of growing crops this season, 1873. By so 
doing 1 hope it will bring others out on the 
same subject. I am unaware how many 
farmers can give a correct account of the 
cost of their crops ; out I venture to say I 
think but a small portion can do it correctly. 
My crops this season have been raised wholly 
by hired labor, and I have kept a true ac¬ 
count of what all n y products have cost; 
consequently I, for one, think I can give a 
correct account of myself. To commence, I 
will give cost of four acres corn ; also the 
cost per bushel of the same, and what it is 
now worth in barn. 
Manure on 4 acres of sod around. $20 00 
Plowing the 1 acres. 10 00 
Harrowing the same one day. 1 ixj 
Marking sume for corn, day. 2 00 
GOO lbs. piaster. 4 35 
Heed corn lor plant ing.. j 35 
Planting same. 5 00 
Cultivating twice. 4 00 
Hoeing twice. 10 (K) 
(tutting up corn...!.!.!! 5 00 
Drawing the 1 acre# in the burn. 5 00 
Husking oiit the entire lot. ig 00 
Interest on 4 acres land, $100 per acre. 28 00 
Total cost on 4 acres.....$120 50 
Deduct from the above amount 0 tons 
corn fodder, $10 per ton . 00 00 
$00 50 
From the four acres I have 210 bushels 
of corn, or 432 bushels of ears ; making net 
cost per bushel for the corn, 2* cts.; und it is 
worth at this time, in my corn house, 70 cts., 
making 12 cts. profit on each bushel, I will 
say that my corn crop pays the best of any 
crop I grow, and has for the last three years. 
I will now give cost of producing other 
crops on my farm, reckoning the same prices 
for labor as I did on corn crop. Oats cast 
me 36 cts. per bush., worth at this time 50 
cts. Buckwheat cost 50 cts., worth now 80 
cts. Rye cost 04 cts,, worth 85 cts. Pota¬ 
toes cost 31 cts., worth 50 cts. The last men¬ 
tioned crops have not paid as well as they 
would have done, had there been more rain 
during the early part of the season. But all 
have paid, I think, notwithstanding the dry 
weather and low prices. I would like to 
hear frdta others through the Ritual, and, 
hereafter, will give cost of articles of pro¬ 
duce from my farm. w. n. m. 
Locust Grove Farm, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 
j tops were about all dead ; they were planted 
beside Extra Early Vermont, and yielded 
just about the same, which wan less than 
one-half bushel of potatoes, for which 1 
would like to take half my money back 
again. Now I will tell you why I say so. 
The potatoes are a mean, dirty color, and 
look about like the old-fashioned Black Mer¬ 
cer which is enough to condemn them if 
their quality was ever so good. 
It is astonishing to me that men that are 
os well known to the public as B, K. Buss 
& Roxs should send all over the country such 
a miserable looking potato as these are; for 
if mine are a fair specimen of them I would 
not take ten bushels of them as a gift, if ( 
were obliged to (dar t them, I think it U 
about, time thisg thing waj stopped; for I 
think it is a sliutne that farmers should he 
swindled—I do not know what else to call it 
—in this way. I know it may be said, “ You 
had no need to buy them unless you were a 
mind to.” Yes ; but what were the induce¬ 
ments held out to make the public think 
they were some big thing i l did not buy 
these potatoes with any idea of getting the 
premium offered for the largest, yield ; but 1 
thought if they were a good potato I would 
have some as soon as anybody and so I threw 
away my money, and I suppose hundreds of 
Other farmers did the same thing. Hoping 
every one that bought them will say just 
what ho thinks about them, I am, respect¬ 
fully, Andrew «. Nash. 
West ford, Conn. 
In Rural New-Yorker, Nov. .8, page 21*8, 
Stephen Allen asks information in regard 
to the Compton Surprise potato. I got one 
pound of seed last spring; cut to one eye; 
made f,2 hills ; planted three feet and one 
und a-half in drills, covering one rod of 
ground. Soil, loam, rather poor and dry; 
no manure used ; planted May 25 ; tended 
as I do my field crop, that I might know 
what they would do as a field crop. I found 
them all ripe and tops dead Sept. 20; yield, 
18-8 pounds, good size and sound ; cooking 
quality good.-A. Donald, IIorHeheath, X. y. 
EARLY-CUT GRASS BEST. 
WATERING CORN IN THE HILL, 
I would like to tell the readers of the 
Rural New-Yorker something about a 
patch of sweet corn planted July 12 . We 
had planted before successively through the 
season, but on account of the prolonged 
drouth but little of it sprouted ; consequent¬ 
ly, there was a poor look for green corn for 
the table. Accordingly, on the day named 
above, we planted 28 hills, using no manure 
—it being good garden soil; after preparing 
the hills we poured in half a pail of water 
to each lull, planted the corn and covered 
the usual depth. In five days the corn was 
up and growing finely ; und from those 28 
hills we pulled 210 ears of corn. Corn is also 
real cause of this species of scour, but if the ,1 1 T ^ uLs ° 
sheep are aff ected in large numbers and ih* ™wh sweeter planted late in the season, as 
sheep are aff ected in large numbers, and the 
I dung is shining or covered with mucus, and 
if all the ordinary means of arresting the 
diarrhea which I have described fail, and the 
sheep have a goed appetite, but still lose 
flesh, we may coiue to the conclusion that 
worms are the cause. I would then advise 
tlic daily use of salt, mixed with the ordinary 
food at the rate of a quarter of an ounce to 
each sheep per day, and the following bol¬ 
uses when tlie salt is discontinuedTake 
Venice turpentine, one dram ; sulphate of 
iron, two Scruples ; gentian, two scruples— 
for one bolus, given every second day, until 
the more urgent symptoms are abated. 
-♦♦♦- 
ITCH IN SHEEP. 
A correspondent who asks for a remedy 
for itch in sheep, is informed that the fol¬ 
lowing has been recommended :—Shear off 
the wool about the pustules, thou let the 
scab be removed with a knife or a comb, 
after which diseased parts must be washed 
with soap and water ; then apply the fol¬ 
lowing mixture One pound of plug tobac¬ 
co to four gallons of water, which should be 
thoroughly boiled ; then add the same quan¬ 
tity’ of lime-water with one pint of spirits of 
turpentine, or in these proportions if a less 
Quantity is needed. After the diseased 
sheep is shorn of its w ool, as well as all the 
sound ones, prepare a decoction of the above 
and, with a sponge, wash well the entire 
body, which wall prevent a recurrence of the 
disease, even if turned in the old pasture. 
‘ it is not generally affected by drouth, which 
hardens sw’eet corn und takes much of the 
sweetness out of it. We should have had no 
sweet com for the table, of our own saving, 
had we omitted the water in the hills before 
planting. No water was used afterwards. 
Nearly all the corn planted in this vicinity 
failed to germinate the past season ; espe¬ 
cially’ was it the case with corn previously 
soaked. 
I w’ould like to ask one question :—Would 
it not pay those farmers well to have added 
more or less W’ater to the hill, w’hich would 
have doubly insured its coming ? We ail 
know’ it to be a great loss to the farmer to 
be obliged to plunt the second time, to say 
nothing of the delay. Mrs. H. E. Brown. 
-- 
* COMPTON’S SURPRISE POTATO. 
I purchased, last spring, one pound of the 
above-named potatoes, and now I want to 
say’ a few words to the public about them, 
and I hope every reader of the Rural New- 
Y orkbr who tried them will say, through its 
columns, just what he thinks of them. 1 
think they’ are a great humbug ; and, worse 
than that, l think they are a big swindle. I 
paid three dollars for a pound, three potatoes, 
ol which I made 47 pieces ; planted them in 
a drill with four pounds of ashes for ma¬ 
nure, and they were dusted once with plaster 
after the first hoeing. They wore dug on 
the 13th of September, at which time the 1 
II The German papers publish details of a 
Y series of experiments carried on at the agi i- 
0 cultural schools of Fatherland, for the pur- 
’ pose of testing the nutritive properties of 
- grass and hay at various stages. The ex¬ 
periments were initiated by the excessive 
demand for forage in Germany, but are not 
the less valuable on that account. By an 
elaborate series of analyses, it is shown why 
young grass is more nutritious than mature 
. grass. The physiological experiments show 
t that it is' more easily digested. Thus, grass 
> inches high contains nearly 50 percent. 
, more of allmmeuoids than gross which is six 
inches high, and about 10 per cent, more of 
“crude fat” (5.24 per cent, against 4.82). 
The mature grass contains more woody fiber 
and less flesh-forming matter than the young 
grass, and besides this it is found that the 
nutritious albumcnolds exist in a less soluble 
form in lmy than in young grass. Hence the 
difference of nutritive value and digestibility. 
Autumnal liay was found to be more, nutri¬ 
tious than summer hay. 
--- 
THE COST 0E FIVE ACRES 0E BARLEY. 
I give the cost on five acres of barley 
grown the past summer, which was only 
about two-thirds of a crop, it being very dry 
through Muy and June : 
214 days plowing.$ 7 50 
Vt “ dragging.’. ] 50 
*4 drilling . 1 50 
Ys ‘‘rolling. 150 
Use of drill. 1 (K) 
12(4 bushels seed barley. 10 (X) 
Gutting barley... 5 00 
Drawing, (8 hands and teanp. . 7 50 
Threshing 112 bushels . 0 00 
Drawing grain to market. . 4 00 
Interest on land. 35 00 
Total. $80 50 
Or 72 cents per bushel. Product, 112 bushels, 
at $1.45 pep bushel, which it sold for, makes 
8162.40, leaving a net profit of $81.00. I 
make no account of the straw, as it wants 
that to keep the land good. 
Niagara Co., N. Y. Gordon Rowe. 
Pride ov Butte Wheat.— The California 
Farmer says of it:—This wheat is undoubt¬ 
edly the finest and purest ever shown on this 
coast, and is all that is claimed for it. We 
are advised by Mr. Van Waert, the grower, 
that 60 lbs. per acre of this wheat sown will 
produce a larger crop thau 100 lbs. of the 
best of any other variety now grown. To 
show how wonderfully prolific it is, w o can 
state that the original parcel which was sown 
of this wheat in 1870 was only half a gill—the 
product in 1872, 130 bushels—and this year 
over one hundred tons. 
