22 
APES AND MONKEYS. 
character which a zoologist would consider of any importance as distinguishing 
him from the apes. 
From their evident structural resemblance to man, the apes and monkeys are 
rightly placed at the head of the Mammalian class. This must not, however, by 
any means be taken to imply that all, or even any, of these animals are necessarily 
higher than the members of all the others. Although the intellect of the Man-like 
Apes may, and probably does, in some respects, exceed that of a dog; yet, for its 
own peculiar line of life, a dog is as fully and highly organised as an ape. Then, 
again, the lower monkeys and all the lemurs are far inferior in intelligence to the 
higher Carnivores, and indeed to the more highly-developed members of some of 
the other groups; but this is, of course, no bar to their being included in the order 
which heads the list. 
With these remarks on the Man-like Apes in general, we proceed to the con¬ 
sideration of the various genera and species which comprise the family. 
The Chimpanzee. 
Genus Anthropopithecus. 
Of all the large Man-like Apes, those which, on the whole, make the nearest 
approach in bodily structure to man are the chimpanzees of Western and Central 
Equatorial Africa, of which there appear to be two distinct species, one known as 
A. niger the other as A. calvus. 
The chimpanzee has been long known in Europe. It has, indeed, been con¬ 
sidered that the so-called “gorillas,” met with by the Carthaginians of Hanno’s 
voyage round the Cape in B.c. 470, on the rocky coasts of Slierboro Island, off 
Sierra Leone, were chimpanzees. According, however, to Mr. Winwood Reade, who 
travelled in Western Africa for the express purpose of obtaining authentic infor¬ 
mation about the chimpanzee and the gorilla, the creatures seen and captured by 
Hanno’s party were neither gorillas nor chimpanzees, but dog-faced baboons. Be 
this as it may, that the chimpanzee was known in Europe as far back as 1598 is 
proved by an account brought back from the Congo by a Portuguese sailor, named 
Eduardo Lopez, and published at Frankfort by Pigafetta in his account of the 
Congo district. In 1613 there appeared, in Purchas’s Pilgrimages of the World, 
the history of the wanderings of an English sailor, named Andrew Battel, in the 
lower part of Guinea, in 1590, who appears to have heard of or seen, not only the 
chimpanzee, which he designates the Enjocko (a corruption of N’djeko or N’Schego), 
but likewise the gorilla, which he calls the pongo. 
Battel’s account may be quoted at length, as follows. He states: “ There are 
two kinds of monsters common to the woods of Angola; the largest of them is 
called Pongo in their language, and the other Enjocko. The pongo is in all its 
proportions like a man (except the legs, which have no calves), but he is of gigantic 
height. The face, hands, and ears of these animals are without hair; their bodies 
are covered, but not very thickly, with hair of a dunnish colour. When they walk 
