24 
APES AND MONKEYS. 
themselves in various organic affections, although not, as has been supposed, in the 
form of tubercular disease of the lungs. 
In all points of their structure the chimpanzees are very closely 
structure. re | ate j t() t ] l0 gorilla, although the latter is now generally referred to 
a separate genus. Originally the chimpanzees were described under the name of 
Troglodytes; but since that name had been applied at an earlier date to the wrens, 
it has now been superseded by the somewhat cumbrous, although appropriate name 
of Anthropopithecus. This change is, however, not to be regretted on other grounds, 
since, as the name Troglodytes means a dweller in caves, while chimpanzees are 
purely forest animals, it is highly inappropriate to them. 
In addition to certain distinctive features in the teeth, such as the relatively 
small size of the tusks or canines of the males, and the circumstance that the 
upper “ wisdom-tooth ” is smaller than either of the two molars in advance of it, 
chimpanzees may be readily distinguished from the gorilla by the circumstance 
that the males are but very slightly larger than the females. Moreover, the skull 
of the male chimpanzee is characterised by the absence of the enormous bony 
ridges which overhang the sockets of the eyes in that of the gorilla; while in the 
lower jaw the length of the bony union between the two lateral branches is much 
less than in the latter. In both these respects the chimpanzee is decidedly nearer 
to man than is the gorilla; and a further approximation to the human type is 
presented by the relatively shorter arms, which in the perfectly upright posture 
only reach a short distance below the knee. The hands and feet also are longer 
and more slender than those of the gorilla, as may be seen by comparing figs. 3-8 
with 1 and 2 of the illustration on p. 15. Moreover, as in man, the middle finger 
is longer than either of the others; and although there is some degree of variation 
in the relative length of the thumb in different individuals, as a rule this digit 
reaches to the base of the first phalangeal joint of the index finger. The male 
chimpanzee does not appear to exceed five feet in height when full grown, and is 
thus considerably inferior in size to the male gorilla. 
General Dr. Hartmann remarks of the chimpanzees that, although the 
Character, arched ridges above the eyes “ are not so excessively prominent as in 
a gorilla of the same age, they are strongly developed, covered with wrinkled 
skin, and in this case also there is a species of eyebrow, stiff and bristly, with 
shorter hairs between. The large, wrinkled lids are furnished with thick eyelashes. 
A general physiognomical distinction between the gorilla and the chimpanzee 
consists in the fact that the bridge of the nose is shorter in the latter than in the 
former. In the chimpanzee this part of the organ is depressed, yet the depression 
is of a conical and convex form, and is covered with a network of wrinkles of 
varying depth. In the chimpanzee the interval between the inner angle of the 
eye and the upper lateral contour of the cartilaginous end of the nose is shorter 
than in the gorilla. There is also some difference in the form of the nose; it is on 
the whole flatter, the tip is less apparent, and the nostrils are not so widely opened, 
nor so thickly padded. The external ear of the chimpanzee has, on the whole, 
less resemblance to the human ear, and its contour is larger than that of the 
gorilla. But this organ varies so much in individuals that it is difficult to lay 
