5 2 
APES AND MONKEYS. 
young individual of this orang was described many years ago by Sir Richard 
Owen as Simla morio. An orang which lived a short time in the London 
Zoological Society’s Gardens was at first considered to be an adult of this form, and 
to prove its right to be regarded as a distinct species. The orang in question was 
presented to the Zoological Society, in whose Gardens it was received during the 
spring of 1891, by Commander E. Rason, R.N., who wrote to Mr. P. L. Sclater, stating 
that he obtained the animal at Kuching, near Sarawak, in Borneo, from some natives, 
who brought it to him slung on a pole. “ At first it was extremely savage, and 
tried to bite, but soon became comparatively tame, and after a week would allow 
itself to be carried about and made a pet of. After three months’ time, ‘ George,’ ” 
as Commander Rason calls his pet, “ does not seem to have grown in height at all, 
and, judging by the look of his teeth, must be about ten years old; but, having 
had plenty to eat and but little exercise, has grown much fatter.” On the death 
of this animal, it was found, however, that its age was much less than had been 
supposed, all the milk-teeth being still in place. Although the shape of its head 
was decidedly larger than in the ordinary orang, this specimen does not appear to 
indicate decisively that the lesser orang is a distinct species. 
m d f L f Orangs are stated to be much more numerous in Borneo than in 
Sumatra; and, since dense, low-lying forests are essential to their 
existence, they are not found in the neighbourhood of Sarawak, where the ground 
is hilly. The unbroken, large areas of primeval forests, occurring in many parts 
of Borneo, are the true home of the orangs; such forests, according to Mr. Wallace, 
being like open ground to these apes, since they can travel in every direction from 
tree to tree, as easily as the North American Indian traverses his native prairie. 
In all their movements these apes are slow and deliberate; this being especially 
noticeable with the perfectly healthy adults which have been exhibited in the 
Zoological Gardens at Calcutta, where they enjoyed a climate not unlike their 
own. This deliberation in their movements is noticeable in Mr. Wallace’s descrip¬ 
tion of the manner in which orangs travel through the forest when undisturbed 
and at ease. We are told that they proceed with great circumspection along the 
larger branches of the trees in the half-upright position rendered necessary by the 
great length of their arms and the shortness of their legs. Almost invariably they 
select such trees as have their branches interlaced with the adjacent ones; and, when 
such boughs are within reach, they catch hold of them with their arms as if to try 
their strength, after which they deliberately venture upon them. Although the 
orang never leaps or jumps, and never seems to be in a hurry, yet he will make his 
way overhead in the forest as fast as a man can run on the ground below. In 
this progression the long powerful arms are of the greatest service; and it is by 
their aid that the orang plucks the choicest fruit from boughs too light to support 
his weight, and likewise gathers the leaves and young shoots to form his nest. 
The orangs, like gorillas, go in small family parties, consisting of the parents 
accompanied frequently by from two to four young ones. Although they will 
devour leaves, buds, and young shoots,—more especially those of the bamboo,—the 
chief food of the orang consists of fruits of various kinds, the prime favourite 
being the luscious but ill-smelling durian or jack-fruit. Of this fruit they waste a 
vast quantity, throwing the rejected rinds on the ground below. 
