MACAQUES. 
IX 3 
fierce and morose. On account of the white eyelids of this monkey care must he 
taken not to confound it with the mangabeys noticed above. 
The Lion-Tailed Monkey (Macacus silenus). 
With the peculiar-looking lion-tailed monkey of Western India, well represented 
in the woodcut on the opposite page, and also in Fig. 2 of the coloured Plate, we 
come to the first of the macaques in which the length of the tail is less than three- 
quarters of that of the head and body taken together. 
The lion-tailed monkey, often incorrectly called the wanderu (a term which 
as we have seen, should be restricted to the langurs of Ceylon), may be distinguished 
from all the other species by its general black colour, and the enormous grey beard 
and ruff, which surrounds the black face, with the exception of the middle of the 
forehead, where it stops short. The fur is long, and the slender tail is tufted at its 
extremity, and measuring from half to three-quarters the united length of the head 
and body. The thin and tufted tail, like that of a lion, is one of the characteristic 
features of this species, and that from which it derives its name. The enormous 
ruff, totally concealing the ears, is, however, that which especially attracts attention, 
and gives the owner somewhat the appearance of a black-faced old man with 
shaggy whiskers and beard. 
These monkeys inhabit the Malabar, or Western, Coast of India, from Cape 
Comorin to about the fourteenth parallel of latitude, being especially abundant in 
the districts of Travancore and Cochin. They restrict themselves to the forest¬ 
lands on the range of trappean mountains known as the Western Ghats, and are 
always found at a considerable elevation above the level of the sea. Dr. Jerdon 
says that they associate in troops of from twelve to twenty or more in number. 
They are excessively shy and wary, and when caught are sulky and savage in 
captivity, so that it is only with great difficulty that they can be taught to perform 
any feats of agility or mimicry. 
The Bengal Monkey {Macacus rhesus). 
Perhaps the best known of all the macaques is the common Bengal or rhesus 
monkey, the bandar of the Hindus, which is found all over Northern India. It is 
shown in Fig. 1 of the coloured Plate. 
This monkey presents but little resemblance to the last species, having no trace 
of a beard or a ruff, and its colour being brown, with a tinge of grey. As a species 
it is characterised by the straightness of its moderately long hair, and also by the 
buttocks being naked for some distance round the callosities. The tail is about 
one-half the length of the head and body, and tapers regularly from base to tip, 
without any trace of a terminal tuft. The face, as well as the callosities on the 
buttocks, are flesh-coloured, except in the adults, when they are bright red. 
In India the Bengal monkey is found continuously northward from the valley 
of the Godaveri to the Himalaya, extending to the west coast at Bombay. It 
inhabits the valley of Kashmir and surrounding regions, at elevations of and above 
four thousand feet. In the neighbourhood of the hill sanitarium of Simla these 
VOL. i.—8 
