I 3 2 
APES AND MONKEYS. 
The doguera baboon (P. dog nerd) is a closely allied species or variety, also 
found in Abyssinia. It is of a more olive colour than the sacred baboon. Dr. 
Anderson describes a male preserved in the Museum at Calcutta as being of a 
uniform yellowish-olive colour on the whiskers and all over the body, above and 
below, except on the hands and feet, which are nearly black. The coarse hair on 
the fore-part of the body is about 0 inches in length, and is ashy-grey in colour 
for the first 2 inches, while the remainder is banded with nine rings of orange 
and black. 
The Chacma Baboon (Papio porcarius). 
The species last noticed is an inhabitant of the countries bordering on the Red 
Sea littoral and the Upper Nile valley, but to reach the habitat of the chacma, 
or pig-tailed baboon, we have to travel to the southern extremity of the African 
continent. The name Chacma, it may be observed, is a somewhat euphonised 
rendering of the word T’chackamma, by which the Hottentots of South Africa 
designate this animal. 
Like all the remaining representatives of the long-tailed baboons, the chacma 
differs from the Arabian baboon by the absence of the mane on the neck and 
shoulders of the males. We have, indeed, in this respect a gradual descending series 
from the gelada baboon, in which both sexes are maned, through the Arabian 
baboon, in which only the males are so ornamented, to the chacma, in which both 
males and females are maneless. In size the chacma is one of the largest of the 
group, and it has been compared in this respect, as well as in its bodily strength, 
with an English mastiff! 
The general colour of this animal is greyish-black; but there is often a 
kind of greenish reflection in the fur when seen in certain lights. The head, as 
well as the hands and feet, are deep black; while the small whiskers on the sides 
of the face, which do not conceal the ears, are greyish. All the hair of the body is 
comparatively long and shaggy ; while that on the nape of the neck, more especially 
in old males, forms a slender crest. The roots of the hairs are dun-coloured, but 
their extremities are ringed. The tail differs from that of the Arabian baboon by 
the absence of any distinct tuft at the end. The muzzle is perhaps even more 
prolonged than in the last-named species ; but the nose is similarly extended beyond 
the upper lip. The naked callosities on the buttocks are smaller than is generally 
the case among the baboons. The naked part of the face is of a purplish hue, with 
the exception of a white ring round each eye, and the whole of the upper eyelids, 
which are likewise white. In the latter point, curiously enough, this species 
resembles the African mangabey monkeys already described. Like the other 
members of this group of baboons, the chacma carries its tail at first curved some¬ 
what upwards, and then hanging straight down. 
The chacma, like its cousin the Arabian baboon, is essentially a dweller in 
mountainous districts, and is found in all the mountain-ranges of the Cape district, 
such as the Snieuberg and the Drachenfels. How far it extends to the northward 
we have not been able to ascertain, since, as we have already had occasion to 
mention, travellers and sportsmen are, as a rule, very reticent on the subject of 
monkeys and their kindred. 
