APES AND MONKEYS. 
138 
under at least two distinct names, and regarded as different species, though it is 
a well-ascertained fact that the common baboon, or papio, belongs to one and the 
same species as the sphinx, or Guinea baboon. 
The Guinea baboon is characterised by the uniformly reddish-brown colour 
of its fur, which is washed with a yellowish tinge, more especially upon the head, 
shoulders, back, and limbs; the cheeks and throat being paler, and the whiskers 
fawn-coloured. As in the chacma, the upper eyelids are white. The nose pro¬ 
jects rather beyond the upper lip, but is somewhat less elongated than in the 
chacma, and has small swellings corresponding with those so enormously developed 
in the next species. 
As its name indicates, it is an inhabitant of Guinea; and although, judging 
from the number of specimens that are imported into Europe, it must be common, 
we have no record of its habits and mode of life in a state of nature. Of those 
in a state of confinement we have, however, numerous accounts, from the time of 
Buffon downwards; the species being frequently carried about by itinerant 
showmen. 
The Mandrill (Papio mormon). 
With the hideous creature represented in the accompanying woodcut we come 
to the first of two West African species of baboons, distinguished from all those we 
have hitherto considered by the reduction of the tail to a short stump, and also by 
the long tuberculous swellings on either side of the muzzle, which communicate the 
peculiarly hideous expression to the face. Moreover, the whole head is larger 
in proportion to the body than in the other baboons, and as the fore-quarters also 
appear to be relatively higher in proportion to the hinder parts, the general 
appearance is ungainly in the extreme. In fact, the whole appearance is far 
more suggestive of the forms imagined during a nightmare than is the case with 
any other living Mammals. 
It has been suggested by several naturalists that these two species ought to 
be separated from all the other baboons in a genus by themselves; and the late Dr. 
Gray even went so far as to make each of them the type of a distinct genus. 
This separation is, however, uncalled for, since both are true baboons in all 
essential characters; the small size of the tail being merely analogous to the con¬ 
dition which we have seen in certain members of the macaque monkeys, while the 
huge swellings on the face are only exaggerated developments of the smaller ones 
found in the Guinea baboon. 
The mandrill, as the species represented in the accompanying illustration is 
called, is the largest of all the baboons, and is, in truth, a brute of tremendous power 
and ferocity. Its leading characteristics as a species are to be found in the circum¬ 
stance that its short and tuberculous tail has its under surface naked, and that the 
swellings on the face are ornamented with a brilliant coloration in the adult state, 
and are of enormous dimensions. 
From the great development of these swellings on the sides of the muzzle, 
Pennant gave to the mandrill the name of rib-faced baboon, but this has 
generally been discarded by modern writers in favour of the former term. And 
here we may take the opportunity of mentioning that, according to the investigations 
