196 
APES AND MONKEYS. 
Brown-Headed The brown-headed tamarin ( M . jiavifrons ) is the Brazilian 
Tamarin. representative of several species or varieties distinguished from the 
two preceding forms by the face being brownish, with a few grey hairs, although 
the nose still remains black. The general colour is black, with a white mottling 
on the hinder part of the back; the head being pale brown, with some black 
markings. In the male the outer surface of the limbs generally has a bright 
rufous tinge, while the under-parts and the inner surfaces of the limbs are 
reddish-brown. The so-called black-and-red tamarin (. M. rufoniger) would appear 
to be only a brighter coloured variety of this species, in which the back, loins, 
thighs, and legs are of a bright chestnut-red. It occurs in Brazil, and appears to 
have been met with by Mr. Bates on the upper Amazon in the neighbourhood of 
Ega. I 11 referring to the marmoset, provisionally identified with this form, this 
traveller writes as follows:—“ One day, whilst walking along a forest pathway, I 
saw one of these lively little fellows miss his grasp as he was passing from one 
tree to another along with his troop. He fell head-foremost from a height of at 
least fifty feet, but managed cleverly to alight on his feet in the pathway; quickly 
turning round, he gave me a good stare for a few moments, and then bounded off 
gaily to climb another tree.” Mr. Bates adds that the habits of this animal are 
precisely the same as those of the negro tamarin. 
Deville’s tamarin (31. devillei), from Peru, is another nearly related species, 
with the head, neck, front of the back, fore-limbs, and tail black; the hinder part 
of the back marked with grey and black transverse bars; and the loins and legs 
bright chestnut-red. 
Moustached This curious little creature (31. mystax ) belongs to a well- 
Tamarin. marked group of two or three species readily recognised by having 
the tip of the nose and the lips covered with white hairs, giving a very peculiar 
look to the face. It is found in the upper Amazon valley, both in Brazil and 
Peru. It is black, with a brownish tinge on the back and thighs; the white hairs 
on the nose and lips being long, and forming a broad tuft. Mr. Bates, who met 
with this species on the upper Brazilian Amazon, near Tabatinga, says that, when 
seen from a short distance, it looks exactly as though it were holding a ball of 
snow-white cotton in its teeth. 
The red-bellied tamarin (31. lahiatus ) is an allied upper Amazonian species, 
with a very smooth and glossy coat, of a deep blackisli-brown colour on the back; 
while the under-parts are a mixture of rich black and reddish hues. The white 
hairs on the nose and lips are much shorter and less conspicuous than in the 
moustached tamarin; those on their lips merely forming a thin line on the margins, 
instead of a distinct tuft. 
The Pinche ( 3Iidas cedipus ). 
In Colombia (New Granada) and Panama the tusked marmosets are represented 
by two closely allied species differing in certain points from all the species found 
in the more southerly or easterly regions. Both have the face and sides of the 
head but sparsely haired, while there is a distinctly marked patch of hair different 
from the rest on the crown of the head, and the hair on the neck is elongated. 
