298 
BATS. 
four in America, but the majority are restricted to Africa south of the Sahara 
and Madagascar. The Indian species are generally found during the day in caverns 
and old buildings, countless myriads inhabiting the limestone caves of Phagat, 30 
miles from Moulmein, in Burma, And it is probable that the habits of most of the 
other species are very similar. 
Writing from Jamaica of the habits of the Brazilian wrinkled-lipped species 
(iY. brasiliensis), Mr. W. Osburn observes : “Vast numbers of these little bats inhabit 
the shingled roof of my house. ... I have often observed them during the day, 
exactly as Goldsmith’s line expresses: ‘ lazy bats in drowsy clusters cling ’; 
for, what seems surprising, notwithstanding the heat of the situation, shingles 
exposed to the sun (and it was disagreeably hot and confined where I stood, twelve 
or fifteen feet below), the bats clung in complete clusters. I counted fourteen little 
heads in a mass about the size of a turnip. But they are not all asleep; now and 
then a wing is stretched out with drowsy enjoyment; and the luxury King James 
thought too great for subjects, and which ought to be reserved for kings, is largely 
indulged in by these bats. First one and then another wakes up, and withdrawing 
one leg, and leaving himself suspended by the other alone, adroitly uses the foot at 
liberty as a comb, with a rapid effective movement dressing the fur of the under¬ 
parts and head—an action far from ungraceful. The foot is then cleaned quickly 
with the teeth or tongue, and restored to its first use. Then the other leg does duty. 
Perhaps the hairs with which the foot is set may aid to this end. I often have 
seen them do this in confinement, and probably the numerous bat-flies with which 
they are infested may be the cause of extra dressing.” 
The New Zealand Bat. 
Genus Mystacops. 
That New Zealand, with its far more favourable climate for these animals than 
the British Isles, should possess only two species of bats is a very remarkable 
fact. One of these ( Chalinolobus tuber culatus), belonging to a genus closely allied 
to Vesperugo (p. 273), is common to New Zealand and Australia; while the second 
is peculiar to the colony, and represents a distinct and aberrant group of the family 
under consideration. 
The New Zealand bat ( Mystacops tuber culatus) differs from the other members of 
the family Emballonuridce in that the third or middle finger of the wing is pro¬ 
vided with three distinct bony joints; of which the first, when at rest, is folded 
back beneath, instead of above, its supporting metacarpal bone. Moreover, while 
the greater part of the wing-membranes is very thin, the portion along the sides 
of the body and the lower moieties of the limbs is much thickened; beneath this 
thickened portion the remaining parts of the wings lie folded away as if in a 
case; and in this condition this species is better adapted for a crawling or 
climbing life than any other member of the order. There are other peculiarities 
adapted to aid in climbing, connected with the thumb, feet, and legs. The length 
of the head and body is 2| inches; and the general colour of the upper-parts is 
brown, though beneath they are paler. Even the fur of this bat can, under the 
