39 3 
CARNIVORES. 
hood of villages, leopards prey largely upon the langurs and other monkeys which 
haunt the rocky hills. Indeed, few animals come amiss in the way of food; 
about the largest which he is capable of killing being the sandbar deer, or an 
Indian bullock. 
In killing its prey, the leopard, writes Sir Samuel Baker, seizes by the throat, 
and clings with tenacious claws to the animal’s neck, until it succeeds either in 
breaking the spine or in strangling the victim, should the bone resist its strength. 
When the animal is dead, the leopard never attacks the hind-quarters first, accord¬ 
ing to the custom of the tiger, but it tears the belly open and drags out all the 
viscera, making its first meal upon the heart, lungs, liver, and inside generally. It 
then retreats to some neighbouring hiding-place, and, if undisturbed, it will return 
to its prey a little after sundown on the following day. Mr. H. Hunter remarks 
that in Africa the leopard nearly always puts the remains of his “ kill ” up a 
tree, probably for the purpose of protecting it from the attacks of hyaenas. On 
one occasion the skeleton of a lesser kudu antelope was found in the fork of 
a branch, which it was believed had been placed there by a leopard, and Mr. 
Hunter on several occasions saw one of these animals descending from a tree. 
It has yet to be mentioned that the leopard does not display that marked 
partiality for the neighbourhood of water so characteristic of the tiger, many of its 
haunts in the hills being in districts which are absolutely dry. On occasion, 
however, it will take to the water as readily, and swim as well as a tiger. 
Although usually found singly or in pairs, leopards, in Africa at least, may some¬ 
times be found in parties comprising several full-grown individuals; probably, 
however, these are all members of a single family. The leopard is a still more 
silent animal than the tiger, seldom giving vent to any sound, except when dis¬ 
turbed or charging an enemy, when it utters a short roar. According to Captain 
Baldwin, who is supported by Mr. Blanford, its real cry, which is but seldom 
heard, is quite different from the roar of a tiger, and takes the form of a harsh 
noise, something between a grunt and a cough, which is repeated three or 
four times. In India the female leopard gives birth to its young in the spring, 
during the months of February and March, two, three, or four cubs composing a 
litter. Young leopards are said to be more difficult to tame than either lions or 
tigers, and the adult when in captivity always displays an uncertain and morose 
disposition. 
With regard to leopard-hunting, Sir Samuel Baker observes that “ it is far 
more difficult to circumvent a leopard than a tiger. The latter seldom or never 
looks upwards to the trees, therefore it does not perceive the hidden danger when 
the hunter is watching from his elevated post; but the leopard approaches its ‘ kill ’ 
in the most wary and cautious manner, crouching occasionally, and examining 
every yard of the ground before it, at the same time scanning the overhanging 
boughs, which it so frequently seeks as a place of refuge. Upon many occasions, 
when the disappointed watcher imagines that the leopard has forsaken its ‘ kill,’ 
and that his patience will not be unrewarded, the animal may be closely scanning 
him from the dense bush, under cover of which it was noiselessly approaching. In 
such a case the leopard would retreat as silently as it had advanced, and the watcher 
would return home from a fruitless vigil, under the impression that the animal had 
