DOMESTIC DOGS. 
543 
Highlands of Tibet and the neighbouring regions, extending westwards into 
Ladak, and southwards into Sikhim. It is invaluable in protecting the flocks 
from the inroads of wolves and wild dogs. On reaching a Tibetan village or 
encampment in the higher regions of Ladak, the traveller is assailed by the 
baying of at least half a dozen of these dogs, and until they are leisurely called 
off by the women the sensations of the visitor, as the writer knows by experience, 
are sometimes the reverse of pleasant. In the more eastern portions of its range 
the Tibet dog, in common with sheep and goats, is pressed into service as a 
beast of burden. 
Fox-Terrier. 
With the fox-terrier we reach the last group of dogs, which 
includes the terriers, the poodle, and a few other species. All 
terriers have moderately short and highly-arched skulls, in which the elevation is 
mainly due to the large size of the brain-case, and consequently indicates a high 
degree of intelligence, the jaws being generally rather short, as well shown in the 
portrait of “ Spot ” which faces our list of contents. 
The smooth fox-terrier was formerly used for unearthing foxes, two of these 
animals being attached to every pack of hounds; but is now one of the most 
favoured breeds of companionable dogs. It should have a hard, thick, and glossy 
coat, of a pure white ground-colour, more or less fully marked with black-and-tan, 
black, or lemon colour, liver-coloured markings being objected to. The “ true 
hound colour,” that is white and black-and-tan, is the most esteemed; and it is 
considered that this type of coloration has been produced by a cross with either 
the black-and-tan terrier or the beagle. There has been much discussion as to 
the advisability of a strain of bull-dog blood in the smooth fox-terrier; such 
strain showing itself by a tendency for the lower jaw to be “ underhung,” and 
also an unusual massiveness of the jaw muscles. The weight may vary from 
15 or 16 to 20 lbs. In a pure-bred animal the head should be flat and rather 
narrow, tapering from the ears to the muzzle, with a slight hollow in front of the 
eyes, but none between them. The jaws should be long and tapering, with a 
moderate prominence of the masseter muscle; and the nose must be black. The 
eyes are small, without prominence; and the ears likewise small, in shape 
resembling the letter Y, and set close to the cheeks, with their points directed 
forwards and downwards. 
The rough fox-terrier came into popular favour at a later date than 
the smooth breed, although it had been bred for many years in the west of 
England. “ Stonehenge ” observes that it “ may be regarded in all respects as 
similar to his smooth brother, with the exception of his coat, which on the body 
and legs should be about twice the length of that on the smooth dog, with the 
addition of a thick under-pile of a woolly nature, and furnished, like that of the 
otterhound, with a certain amount of oil, so as to resist the action of the water.” 
The rough Irish terrier, which seems of late years to have 
replaced the old Scotch terrier, is a rather large dog, varying in 
weight from 17 to 25 lbs., with a hard, rough, and wiry coat, having no tendency 
to curl. The most admired colour is bright reddish-bay, usually termed “ red,” but 
it may vary through different shades of brown and yellow to grey. The tail is 
general!}" cut, but if kept entire should curve. Great importance is attached to 
Irish Terrier. 
