"I, 
lorticulture. 
HORTICULTURE AT THE WEST. 
BY F. BARRY. 
The Illinois Horticultural Society. 
Several of the Western States are already 
in advance of us at the East in organized effort 
to promote horticultural improvement. They 
have State societies duly incorporated, and, 
in some instances, aided by State appropria¬ 
tions, to carry on their 'work. This work is 
not merely the holding of an annual fair or 
show and awarding of a few premiums, hut 
embraces a very wide range of operations, as 
1 shall presently show, viz.: the holding of 
meetings at various parts 
of the States, at which es- 
says, leotu res and reports 
are presented, which, 
with discussions, occupy 
several days. 
I have before me the M PPP\/ ,/ /' </ II 
programme for the an- f Kjik i /,f, , , ■(, 
nual meeting of the Mis- i! ). < ,j .4( jj if 
souri State Horticultural /5M’ - V // < : J J Jh 
Society for 1870. It pro- iHpV %[J [ Jf ' * «J’ xl,/ 
videa for four days’busi- ^' Lji ( HI'/i 1 
ness. Nine or ten papers '» 1 ' > p \ 1 '»'. (’ 
are announced on sped- HlmJC > |:J> i./. t > • k 111 
fled subjects besides re- jK'J' 1 ' (Mv? J 
ports of eight or nine Wll St '! J | 
standing coimmttces.— *v,V :L ; h /J ,'j 
This looks like business. iijJj 
These societies have lllfli 
an “Ail-interim Commit- 
tee ” for the different dis- 
tricts of the Slate, which 
visits at various times 
during the season, such 
localities, orchards, vineyards, gardens, or 
other objects of special interest in their re¬ 
spective districts and reports upon them at 
their annual meeting. In this way a gen¬ 
eral interest is awakened and a vast amount, 
of important information is collected and 
disseminated. 
peach. In dances were reported where the 
entire crop of large orchards of peaches and 
cherries was totally ruined by it. The 
bark louse is quite prevalent in the apple 
orchards and in the southern portion of the 
State the pear orchards are seriously affected 
with leaf blight as well as Are blight. The 
former seems to he (lie greater difficulty. 
Some varieties are reported to be uniformly 
affected with Iheleafblight, and others as uni¬ 
formly escape. The Bourn; <V A njou and Law- 
I rence were mentioned as among those which 
have thus far escaped. My advice wouldbe to 
graft, over, at once, those most affected, with 
Beurre d’Anjou—one of the host of all pears. 
If the cultivators of Illinois wore less coura¬ 
geous and persevering than they are I should 
have doubts as to their success; as it is I 
have none. 1 thiuk they are masters of the 
GABRIEL AITLE. 
situation. 
In this connection I might allude to the 
Industrial University at Urban a. The stu¬ 
dents at this institution were furnished, last 
winter, with a course of twelve lectures on 
horticulture; and this winter there is to be a 
similar course. This institution lias over 
I had, recently, an opportunity of learning 1.000 acres of land in farms, gardens, &c., 
something of the working of ibis sort of or- and Ur. Gregory, the Regent, informed me 
ganization by attending the Annual Meeting that they had already planted 1,500 varieties 
of the Illinois Horticultural Society, held in of apples, intending to follow this with simi- 
the city of Ottawa. This is an incorporated bir collections of the other fruits and an ar- 
Sociefy, receives from the State treasury boretum of forest and ornamental trees, 
$2,000 per annum, has about one hundred shrubs, &c., not merely to ornament the 
active, working members who pay an annual grounds but to afford instruction to the 
fee of membership of $2 each. The annual students. 
meetings of this Society are hold in some All this shows wlmt the people of this 
small town in the interior, where distractions great, State—great in extent (nearly four 
are avoided, and the attention of the com- hundred miles in length, and extending over 
munity is secured. The residents of such about five degrees of latitude), and great in 
town provide the place for meeting in, and the energy and enterprise of its people, and 
also entertain the members at their houses the vastness of its resources—are doing for 
during the meeting. the promotion of horticulture. We at the 
The recent meeting at Ottawa occupied East may benefit by their example. 
four daj/s , and I assure j r ou these were not I have been so much interested in these 
idle days. I have never met with a more matters I thought it quite likely others might 
earnest,, energetic, well organized and man- he, hence my object in writing. 
aged society than this. F:\nv. early morn- ' - - - - ' n ——— 
ing till a late hour of the evening business cp 
moved on with the utmost regularity, the 4-1 ftilYft YrtfTt G'tT 
room always fhll, and all giving their whole j|3UJUUIU^jmU, 
attention to the subject under consideration. ___ 
Numerous reporters were present, some ore- 
paring reports for the daily papers of Chi- FRUITS RECEIVED, 
cago, and others for the various agricultural liY F K F . eliott. 
journals of the West. - 
There were read during the session two My fruit-loving friends, all over the coun- 
cxcellent. practical essays on entomology, try. will please accept my thanks for their 
two on geology of the State, two papers on kindness in supplying me with specimens of 
pear culture, one on raspberry culture, and new as well as old varieties of fruits for ex- 
one on “ The Principles of _ _ ■ —. . 
Fruit Culture,” by Mr. Tuos. N ' -- 
ble physiology -ivith refopenco 
to fruit-tree culture, by Dr. E. iwfc’/ ,/aifc jil/h ; ’ / • i .1V 
S. Him. i., of Alton, who very {wJ/Zp- '■<} jih I ■ 1 
Honindtilrtet ^ThisVoc^ 1R® ! J ( jF I . (' I' jj| 1^'| 
vor of culljyatmg trees In gra89 -ijL ; 
principle that roots seek dark- xj|| 1 ||lj| j 1 . ',1 J ' j / 1 '// 1 I 1 
ness; the grass, however, to 1 11 lit III I ;' If 1 ■ ' 
be of a fine sort, and kept ^ W j | J 1 1 ; ''|||lifffJnMl 1 !''f' 1 '/ 
closely eat. Mulching, he ad- 1 I |f|fi Wm 
mitted, would answer the same 
purpose, or even the shading 
.• . .. , . , OTOE RED STREAK APPLE. 
or the soil by the branches 
of the tree. Pruning “for wood,” Mr. animation and comparison. Of all I cannot 
Meehan regarded as a fallacy, holding that write, but when there is anything new or 
the effect of pruning was to weaken rather distinct, I shall try to let the public know it. 
lamolcrgmtl. 
OTOE RED STREAK ArPI.E. 
than promote growth. As an evidence, he 
referred to the effect of shearing on hedges. 
This in my opinion, is not a parallel cose. 
While the culture of fruit is making rap¬ 
id progress in Illinois, it appears, from the 
reports and statements made before this So- 
Among others to whom I am indebted 
comes a box of varieties from Col. R. W. 
Furnas, Brownsville, Nebraska, a gentle¬ 
man wb.? >s now perhaps doing as much or 
more than any other one toward increasing 
the extent of orchards and planting them 
ciety, that insects and diseases are becoming with hardy as well as superior varieties, 
quite formidable. The curculio is very de- The first fruit, marked “ Unknown,” is De¬ 
structive to the stone fruits, including the troit Black, but larger than usual. 
(jabriel. 
Thi3 is, unquestionably correct, but the 
fruit is so enlarged and so much deeper 
colored than we have been accustomed to 
see it as to be at first unrecognizable. The 
specimen, of which we present drawing, is 
large, roundish, oblate, greenish - yellow 
ground, mostly covered, marbled and splash¬ 
ed with red, and dotted with large aerole 
dots. Stem rather slender, set in a broad, 
open cavity; calyx with erect, half-closed 
segments, set in a rather deep basin; flesh 
yellowish, tender, juicy, rich, sub-acid. 
The extra soil here gives more depth to 
the basin than appears in ordinary grown 
specimens, hut the flesh is all unchanged, 
unless it rnay be, perhaps, a litt le more coarse. 
The character, however, remains, and judg¬ 
ing from this it must prove a valuable varie¬ 
ty for Nebraska. 
Fnll Wine. 
Correct. This variety, on all the rich soils 
of the West, proves one of the very best, 
large and handsome, while at the East, on 
old, worn out soils, it is only of medium size 
and often cracks badly. 
Wiin» Map. 
Correct, but the specimens sent have more 
angles than when grown in New Jersey or 
other Eastern States. 
Otoe Kedutreak. 
A new seedling variety, originated in Otoe 
county, Nebraska, and is named from a tribe 
of Indians. The fruit is of medium size and 
of great beauty. In form it is roundish ob¬ 
long, oblate, truncated. The color is rich, 
warm, yellow ground, mostly covered with 
shades, marblings and short, broken stripes 
of clear light and deep, dark red; also many 
large, light gray and apparently rough rus¬ 
set dots. Stem slender, unequal, lengthy, 
set in a broad, open and deep, sometimes 
russetted, cavity; calyx with closed or doub¬ 
led segments, set in a very deep and wide, 
open, regular, smooth basin. Flesh yellow¬ 
ish, breaking, crisp, tender, sprightly, rich, 
pleasant, aromatic, sub-acid. Best. Core 
medium. Seeds large, plump, full, occupy¬ 
ing the entire capsule. Season, October to 
January. 
The. appearance and quality of this new 
apple is superior. It remains only to have 
iht (Garbnwr, 
Use care not to trample on or bruise the 
vines in gathering the crop. For keeping 
through the winter great care should be used 
in handling not to bruise them in the least. 
SQUASHES. When the stem begins to diy and shrivel it 
- is time to gather them. They should be cut 
How to Grow anil Keep Them for Winter with a sharp knife; cut the stem through 
nmi Sprinsr Use. near the vine, leaving the most of it on the 
The Boston Marrow Squash is the prin- squash. They should be left, if the weather 
cipal one sold in the markets of New York, j s dry and favorable, in the field two or three 
and embraces fully three-fourths of all the days to dry the stem, after which they should 
squash that are used. The quantity of them be stored. This must be done after the dew 
consumed is increasing each season, and the is dried off them. 
gathering, put a layer of 
r'&frt. straw or hay in the bottom of the 
wagon, and pass each squash 
!w; carefully, laying, not dropping, it 
f ' down. The least bruise will 
’■“TB cause the squash to decay. Be- 
VZ + tween each layer of squash put 
a Uyer of hay or straw, using 
f » * care not to break the stems off, 
('fi since that will also hasten the de- 
C W They should he passed from 
f Jfr-. 'J ^ the wagon by hands placed at 
^ - iif '$\ suitable distances, into, and to 
flj -' dKfr flr' V ' r -X. £3 their place in, the squash house, 
*4 ?*^" lu^using the. utmost care tlirough- 
? lyCy- out; and they should not be lian- 
K ,W ‘ dl®d or disturbed in their place 
. more tlian is necessary. The 
PV., house can be left open during 
i pleasant weather until the squash 
Qkflp- * arc thoroughly cured and dried; 
but care should he taken to close 
U P ‘Ewing all damp or muggy 
weather, and keep a fire going, 
throwing the top windows par- 
' -y V- tially open so as to expel all damp- 
liess ' The main points for the 
successful keeejiing of squash uu- 
****** til the next y<;ar, is perfect diyness 
" in all kinds of weather and a tem- 
tixe pernettya. perature of about forty degrees. 
We gave, in the department 
raising of them has become a large business of Rural Architecture, page 808 of last 
among the farmers of Monmouth Co., N. J., volume, a front view and section of an ap- 
and is increasing very fast on the west end proved squash house. 
of Long Island. At the low price at which ---*- _ 1 '■ ll " ■ !L!_! 
they are usually sold when gathered in the ^ 4 „ 
fall and sent to market, (ranging from one Jr lOXltXlltXXtC. 
dollar to one dollar and fifty cents per bar- 
re],) they pay more net - ■ 
"V money than potatoes, since B0CC0NIA CORDATA. 
\ they require less labor and m T , , -r. , 
\ expense in harvesting. 4 The Boccomaa are al large, handsome, 
\ The crop, raised in this trop.caHookmg plant*, hut there are few 
\ vicinity for a number of 8 l >cc ; e9 that . W,U w * hSl ^ ‘ C ° M ° f ° Ur 
\ years, has been mostly mar- northern winter The 7?. Cordate, however, 
\ keted in the fall and early 18 P erf f ^ liard - y ’ a,uT 18 om ', °‘ 'l 10 mo ? 
winter, for the want of f bowy berba f > n t.vation. It 
proper conveniences for 18 a natlT f of Clu ‘ la - but bas become c l uite 
keeping through the winter. ^e, and most ot our leading flo- 
Tl.e winter and spring sup- nsls koo P lt for 8a,fi ' 1,16 ruote arc stro,1 g- 
ply was brought from Bos- of a Peculiar orange color, penetrating light 
/ton, and prices therefor soils to the depth of three or four feet. 
/ ranged, according to quan- , lbc 8t8m ? are annua > and S row t0 lbe 
/ tity and lateness of the sea- be, 8 bt of 10 tcn co ^ late in 
/ son, at from three to eight, summe f w ‘ lb lar « c P fl ^ lc f of pale, 
/ and even as high as ten dol- ^-colored flowers. 1 be leaves are large, 
/ lavs per barrel; but grow- funded, cordate, more or less bibed, slightly 
y ers here are now giving ^ ,U,C0U8 ' ^ Slagle stein of this plant would 
_/ more attention to keeping not Iliake “ ucb of a show u P° n a lawn > but 
mE them for winter and spring a ^roup of a c ozen or more is a handsome 
use, and will, to an extent, ™ e , nl ' antl « ne wluch fcw would feel 
cut off Boston trade. With a little more llke los,a ? aa ° r u once 5n lbeif P osse »- 
experiencc the markets will he wholly sup- S101K 0ur . art,8t h:is Z [vm a VCI 7 
plied, the year round, with squash by the ^Presentation of a fine group of this plant 
farmers in ‘the immediate neighborhood of Wit appeared the past season upon 1 he lawn 
New York one of 0,1 r well-known horUculturists. 
Squash are sold in the New York markets The Laconia Japonica is another species, 
at wholesale altogether by the barrel—the wb / cb resoni1 )les the Cordata , but it is not 
barrel holding from ninety-live to one liun- ft'tite so hauly, although a lery slight pro- 
died and ten pounds, according to the size tect * on ' s ab tliat b requires in winter, 
of the squash. They are used mostly for 
pies, the people not having acquired, to any £\* 1 ' V j 
great exteut., the taste for them for sauce as V1) 01TI C tl 4 1 It ITC . 
is the case in Massachusetts. The Hubbard cN 
Squash is used here to some extent for sauce - ■ - - . —- 
but is too dark to he used for pies. Although THE PERNETTYA. 
the demand tor this variety is limited, their The Pernettya is a half hardy evergreen 
scarcity always commands for them a high- s i ira i 3 ^ v itli somewhat of a climbing or trail¬ 
er pi ice. . ing liabit, spreading, rather than upright, 
Squash require a rich, dry, sandy loam w q] t glossy ovale leaves, and small round, 
soil one on which water cannot stand ; for scarlet berries or fruit, making it highly orna- 
ioo much moistme makes them of inferior mental wherever it will endure the winter, 
quality and pool keepers.^ A good piece ot Tb cpCtosa or Hairy Pernettya is a native of 
sod giound is favorable, if well rotted. A Mexico and, we think, is found in the liigli- 
favorite plan is to give it a coat ot about ] an( j s 0 f Tennessee and on South. It pro- 
twenty-fiye loads of barn-yard manure early dlJces whitc flowere in tlie monlh of May, 
in the fall, spn-ad broadcast, and thoroughly an( j j s a p] an t little known but deserving the 
plow ii in, but not too deep; llicn harrow attention of gentlemen who have rock work, 
and sow iye, which keeps the soil from 0 r bold, prominent, yet sequestered points to 
blowing or drifting through the winter. As ftdoni 
soon as there is no danger of frost in the —-♦-*--*- 
spring, from the first to the middle of May, Pyracinuiia for n Hedge.—A ddi writes us in 
, . replvft* the question of tt. A. lIucn.A nan, North 
plow in the rye and harrow the ground; Carolina, that ill tile section be names the C?a<e- 
mark it off in rows eight to ten feet apart ffu* Pifl’amirtha or evergreen thorn, is a plant 
1 eminently dcsitrned and calculuted for an orna- 
each way ; at the intersections give a dress- mental bodge—that in this climate and section 
imr of fru-inn nnnrhv.ito nv nolir^a mivioir u it will prove more beautiful even than the yew 
mg ot guano, powtlctlL 01 ashes, mixing it England, and tluit beside being-orna- 
well witli the soil, and plant six to eight mental it will prevent the encrouchments of all 
seeds, seal t cling them a little at each inter- pensive plant, because there has been only a lim- 
section. When they have grown and begin ited demand for it. and nurserymen have but a 
, , ,, , i‘ ...... . small supply, or only about the number required 
to make the rough leaf, thin out to two good, to Oil the retail orders for it as a plant to assist in 
siron 0- lihtnts ■ keen the around tiloromdd v t-he making up of oruameutul groups of shrubs. 
.-,1 >■ ■ Keep tut O iounu morouguiy r. a. B. need not roar the cattle eating it, for it 
loose and clean by constant use of cultivator has too many thorns to make more than one 
and hoe and when the vines have run <=n as Mte desirable or attractive. It will take seven 
aim nor, ana \\ nen ilie i mes uti\ l i un so as y eni1R r, gro'v n good liedgo, and the plants at 
to prevent cultivating, keep down the large this time will cost about thirty cents each; yet 
_, , . , , , we hope he will try it, for wc arc sure that even 
weeds by pulling them out by hand. The a r0 d of hedge, grown and trimmed carefully, 
average eron is from one hundred to one will at the end of tho time we have named, call 
a\ua 0 c u op is H orn one nunmea to one forth th0 plaudits of all observers having a love 
hundred and fifty barrels to the acre. for the beautiful and usefully ornamental. 
THE PERNETTYA. 
FRUITS RECEIVED. 
BY P. It. ELLIOTT. 
My fruit-loving friends, all over the coun¬ 
try, will please accept my thanks for their 
kindness in supplying me with specimens of 
new as well as old varieties of fruits for ex- 
OTOK RED STREAK APPLE—OCTI 
the tree exhibit like good qualities to cause 
it to be universally sought after. 
IlyMop Grab. 
Fruit correct, but name spelled, as with 
many others at the West, “ Ilislop,” which, 
according to authority, (vide Downing’s 
Fruits and Fruit Treos,) is incorrect, lt is 
a good variety of the crab species, but where 
such apples as Wiuesap, Otoe, Red Streak, 
&c., &c., can be grown, it seems a wicked 
waste of land to use it for such inferior sorts. 
Cooper’s Early White. 
This is correct, hut very much larger than 
I have ever before met with. If I were to 
make from this specimen a new description 
over my original one Of 1853, 1 should have 
to write;—Size large, or very large, instead 
of medium, although, in most localities, per¬ 
haps my original will be found near its gen¬ 
eral average. 
Drop I)'Or. 
Correct. This variety in my grounds, for 
several years, lias always dropped before 
being well matured ; and while at one time 
it ranked high, it has nothing at this period 
but size to commend it to continued culture, 
—[To he continued. 
-- 
New $oi*<lting Early Peach.—W m. Iv. TrPTON, 
Jerusalem, Monroe Co., Ohio, writes us he has a 
seedling peach, about the size of Hale’s Early, 
and six to eight days earlier. The l'ruit is a 
greenish white in the shade, and richly marbled 
with red and carmine in ihe sun,becoming deep 
red where fully exposed. The Uesli is a greenish 
white, streaked with red, and reddish at the 
stone; sweet and better than Hale's Early: does 
not rot on the tree, and is productive. Stone 
small. The fruit carries well to market. Tree 
hardy, a moderate, spreading grower. He calls 
it the “ Lawrence," because of t he man who gave 
him the seed. Mr. Tipton also writes that he 
has a “seedling clingstone, fruited this year for 
the first time, which he thinks may prove valu¬ 
able. It is about the same size and season of 
Crawford’s Late; yellow, round aud good." We. 
should like to see the fruit of Lawrence tlie com¬ 
ing season. If as he writes, it will bo valuable. 
Tlie clingstone has too many competitors at its 
season to cause us to think it a variety of value 
beyond the original tree. 
florirulturt. 
B0CC0NIA CORDATA. 
Tiie Boccouias are all large, handsome, 
tropical-looking plant*, hut there are few 
species that will withstand the cold of our 
northern winter. The Ii. Cordata , however, 
is perfectly hardy, and is one of tho most 
showy herbaceous plants in cultivation. It 
is a native of China, but. has become quite 
common here, and most, of our leading flo¬ 
rists keep it for sale. The roots are strong, 
of a peculiar orange color, penetrating light 
soils to tlie depth of three or four feet. 
The stems are annual, and grow to the 
height of eight to ten feet, covered late in 
summer witli large panicles of small, pale, 
rose-colored flowers. The leaves are large, 
rounded, cordate, more or less lohed, slightly 
glaucous. A single stem of this plant would 
not make much of a show upon a lawn, but 
a group of a dozen or more is a handsome 
ornament, and one which few would feel 
like losing after it was once in their posses¬ 
sion. Our artist has given a very correct 
representation of a fine group of this plant 
as it appeared the past season upon Ihe lawn 
of one of our well-known horticulturists. 
Tlie Bocconia Jajtonica is another species, 
which resembles the Cordata , hut it is not 
quite so hardy, although a very slight pro¬ 
tection is all that it requires in winter. 
Arboriculture. 
THE PERNETTYA. 
The Pernettya is a half hardy evergreen 
shrub with somewhat of a climbing or trail¬ 
ing habit, spreading, rather than upright, 
with glossy ovale leaves, and small round, 
scarlet berries or fruit, making it highly orna¬ 
mental wherever it will endure the winter. 
Tlie pilosa or Hairy Pernettya is a native of 
Mexico and, we think, is found in tlie high¬ 
lands of Tennessee and on South. It pro¬ 
duces white flowers in tire month of May, 
and is a plant little known but deserving the 
attention of gentlemen who have rockwork, 
or hold, prominent , yet sequestered points to 
adorn. 
Pyrncnntlia for n lledse.—A udi writes us in 
reply *t> tho question of li. A. Buchanan, North 
Carolina, that in the section he names the Crate- 
(/us puramiitha or evergreen thorn, is a plant 
eminently designed and calculated for an orna¬ 
mental bedtfo—that in this climate and section 
it will prove more beautiful even than the yew 
hethres of England, and that beside being- orna¬ 
mental it will prevent the encrouchments of all 
liindsof stock. It is, however, at this lime an ex¬ 
pensive plant, because there has been only a lim¬ 
ited demand tor it, and nurserymen have but a 
small supply, or only about the number required 
to Ull the retail orders for it as a plant to assist in 
the making up of ornamental groups of shrubs. 
It. A. B. need not four the cattle eating it, for it 
ims too many thorns to make more than one 
bite desirable or uttniotive. It will take seven 
years to grown good hedge, and the plants at 
this time will cost about thirty cents each; yet 
we hope he will try it. for wc arc sure that even 
a rod of hedge, grown and trimmed carefully, 
will at the end of the time we have named, call 
forth the plaudits of all observers having a love 
for the beautiful and usefully ornamental. 
