p 
Sometimes the bees would seal the honey 
with wax; but, as a rule, the combs were 
emptied before the honey was thick enough 
to seal. Subsequently, we took tliirty-flve 
pounds of honey in boxes from this same 
colony—making two hundred and fifteen 
pounds in all. 
admissions, which wo quote not. only as contain¬ 
ing the views of the Paris Commissioner, but, as 
we believe, of the (Treat body of the wool manu¬ 
facturers of the country 
“ By these observations upon the present com¬ 
parative advantages of the American and for¬ 
eign manufacturer in the supply of raw mate¬ 
rial, it is not. to be inferred that the undersigned 
would advocate the application to this country 
of the British system of protection by tho free 
admission of raw materials which can bo ad van- 
Pigeons I y produced here, or that ho would for a 
moment maintain that the wool grower can 
obtain sufficient encouragement through tho 
protection of the manufacturer. The higher 
demands of American civilisation require that 
all our Industries Should be defended against, the 
cheap capital and labor of competing nations. 
The labor which produces the wool cannot be 
distinguished from that, which spins and weaves 
it. (A»Mf darn Huns of national independence 
require us to seek to t he utmost possible extent 
all nut supplies from domestic sources. Tho 
woolen manufacturer has tho best assurance of 
permanent prosperity when he can look to an 
uninterrupted supply of wool from sources not 
liable to be cut otf by war, famine, pestilence, or 
political revolutions abroad. Tlio American 
woo) manufacturer, tio less tlnm tho wool grow¬ 
er, has the only market for his fabrics at. home, 
andean have a profitable market only when all 
the industry of the country Is profitably occu¬ 
pied. Tin* system of politick! economy essential 
to the industrial prosperity of this country, de¬ 
mands that the claims of t ho wool grower and 
manufacturer should be equally respected," 
[Concluded next, week. 
effect; for the value of imported woolens in 
IStVS was five and a-half millions less than it 
was in 1800, notwithstanding tho increase of 
population. Tt is alleged that, increased duties 
on wool have impaired our exports to the Capo 
of Good Hope and Australia, and our imports 
front those countries. With regard to the lat ter, 
as the imports have consisted principally of 
wool, the measure has bad only the effect ex¬ 
pected. With regard to the exports. It appears 
from a table exhibited that they have been re¬ 
duced about $.800,000. The$300,000 is put in com¬ 
petition with u great national industry, amount¬ 
ing annually to 8175,000.000. To preserve tho 
former, the Commissioner would impair the 
latter 
5. On the other hand, the Commissioner, while 
maintaining that the tariff has increased the im¬ 
portation of foreign fabrics, asserts, as Ins final 
proposition, that the tariff has brought smug¬ 
gling to a system. Which of these two proposi¬ 
tions is true ? Both cannot be; the same system 
cannot tie calculated at tlie same time to Increase 
importations mid to diminish them. Waiving 
the fallacy of the Commissioner’s reasoning, 
there is no pretense that smuggling prevails ex¬ 
cept, upon the Canadian border, and its existence 
is not attributable to this special measure, as it 
prevails with respect to all dutiable goods of 
easy transportation. Both objections arc too 
trivial to be entitled to any consideration in 
pronouncing upon a measure involving the life 
of a great national Industry. 
The formal charges against tho existing wool 
and woolen tariff, contained in tho preceding 
propositions, are followed by a discursive argu¬ 
ment. containing further statements and Innu¬ 
endoes, which Uiq undersigned cannot permit to 
remain unanswered. 
(following the remarks on exports, wo und 
this extraordinary statement.: 
“The woblsof the united States arc mainly 
Merino clothing wools, which cun be produced 
In anv quantity, and at prices which defy foreign 
competition. Wool nasbecn raised InToxusdui- 
nsbiiniirg 
pitman 
BEE NOTES FROM THE WEST 
H. S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Of Comao Vii.i.agk, Cobti.ani' Cotivrv, N«w York. 
BY M. M. BALDRIDOE 
REPLY OF NAT’L ASSOCIATION 
Of Wool ManiiTacmrers to Commissioner 
Wells’ Ileport. 
orstimnr 
The Executive Committee of the National 
Association of Wool Manufacturers have ad¬ 
dressed to the chairman of the Congressional 
Committee of Ways and Means a commu¬ 
nication entitled “Remarks upon I he por¬ 
tion of the Report of the Special Commis¬ 
sioner of the Revenue for I860, Tola ling to 
Wool and Woolens.'* We should publish 
entire this able, manly, and convincing reply 
t,o the commissioner's one-sided statements 
and sophistical reasoning, had we not, before 
the receipt of it, forwarded for publication 
our article of last week, covering a part of 
the matter of the report, viz.;—Mr. Wells’ 
most disingenuous account of the inception 
and history of the wool and woolen tariff. 
Our remarks on this subject, concur so 
nearly with those of the Executive Commit¬ 
tee of the Manufacturers’ Association, that 
it does not seem necessary to publish the 
latter. Having disposed of these topics, the 
Executive Committee proceed to say: 
The CommlsslonBr also asserts that the expo- 
rietUM: of two years has demonstrated the fol¬ 
lowing consequences as the direct results of this 
tariff 
1. Wool ro the agriculturist at. a lower prion 
than has almost over before boon experienced, 
2. A decrease lu the number of sheep in the 
United Stales estimated at tv>ur millions for the 
single year. 
3. A condition of tho wool industry character¬ 
ized by a greater depression than any other 
branch of industry in the country, with tho ex¬ 
ception of ship-building. 
4. An increase in the Importation of foreign 
fabrics of wool. 
5. Encouragement of smuggling and its appar¬ 
ent redue! ion to ft system. 
These propositions the undersigned will re¬ 
mark upon In their order. In considering the 
first two. Hie present, low price of wool and the 
destruction of sheep, wo remark some omis¬ 
sion-. quite extraordinary, in viewof tho respon¬ 
sible position which the Commissioner occupies. 
This officer is presumed to bo neither a partisan 
nor advocate, but to speak with the accuracy 
and impartiality of a philosophical teacher, and 
to throw all the light, from the vast sources of 
information at ills command it (ton HicqucsUona 
of iwonuoor Industry which ha discusses. How 
comes it, then, that, he ignores or suppresses - tho 
gr at control ting fition of tho glutting of all 
the market* <>1 tho world, except Mini. of this 
country, with the over-production of the fine 
wool oi rbo Soul hern Hemisphere, and of such a 
destruction of sheep in Australia and the coun¬ 
try of the La Plata, as has no parallel here? Tho 
low price of nnaino wool and the destruction of 
merino shcip tin- direct, results of the present 
tariff: How propMsfemos snob an hypothesis in 
view of the sufficient and obvious cause present¬ 
ed in the nupreeodent<‘d diminution of price 
within the last two years of competing wools 
throughout the world, to Bay nothing of the 
diminution of price caused by the over-produc¬ 
tion In this country stimulated by the war. The 
increase of these wools within the last; seven 
years lias no parallel lu any other period, fn 
An aiMtia r.tie progress has been from 33,00(1,000 
pon <ls. m lS'yff, to IW,000,000 pounds, in lHtW— an 
in in seven years of 108 tier ecru.* In the 
Cape of Good Hope, from 11,500,000 pounds to 
21,010,001 pounds—an In arouse of 87 per cent. In 
La .. from 10.000,000 to 59,000,006 pounds-an 
in crease of 208 per <cnL 
“Tlialowering of the price of I,a Plata (mes¬ 
tizo wools," says AL Autiee, " in the French re¬ 
ports of the Paris exposition, wit hin four years, 
may' be set down, without exaggeration,at. forty 
percent. It should have the effect of arresting 
the production, as the growers at present enr- 
tainly suffer a loss." what person, unblinded 
by free-trade predilections, can doubt that tho 
tariff which tu mod aside the tide of the wool 
surplus of the Southern Hemisphere from our 
FEED FOR HORSES 
BY E. W. STEWART. 
Tile expense of feeding work horses, 
whether on the farm or in tho city, is so 
great that its economy should lie thoroughly 
studied. As the horse is kept for Ids muscle, 
he must have food to supply muscle. But 
it is found, also, that great muscular exer¬ 
tion requires more rapid respiration, and 
tills respiration is sustained by the carbon of 
the food; therefore there must he a proper 
balance between the carbonaceous and nitro¬ 
genous elements of the food. Corn meal 
contains ten per cent, of muscle-sustaining 
food and sixty-eight per cent, of heat or fut- 
producing food. This Contains too much 
carbon and too little nitrogen as a principal 
food for horses. II, is too healing and ftttleu- 
ing, and deficient in muscular force. Let us 
examine a few of the foods sometimes given 
to horses. 
Of nitrogenous or muscle-forming food, 
the oat contains 15 per cent.; the pea, 24 ; 
oil meal, 28; wheat and rye bran, 10; bar¬ 
ley, 9; rye flour, 10; millet, 14; timothy 
hay, 10; red clover, 10 per cent. Of car¬ 
bonaceous or heat and fat-producing food, 
the out, contains 00 per cent.; the pea,51; 
oil meal, 42; wheat and rye bran, 55; bar¬ 
ley, 05; rye flour, 72; millet, 02; timothy 
hay, 47; red clover, 40 per cent. It wi 11 he 
scon that of the grains given above, the oat 
contains four of heat and faL-jwodueing food 
to one of muscle-forming matter, and this, 
for great muscular exertion, is found to be 
tho best proportion. 
The last-horse men have long since decided 
in favor of oats, combined sometimes with 
wheat bran, which has about the same pro¬ 
portion. It will also be observed that clover 
hay is very rich in muscle-forming food; 
but there is a limit to the digestion of such 
bulky (bod, and therefore only a certain 
amount can he given to a horse under hard 
labor. 
We, many years ago, adopted and practi¬ 
cally carried out, a formula for feeding 
horses subjected to hard labor, as follows: 
One pound of oil meal, three pounds of pea 
meal, four pounds of wheat bran, four 
pounds of com meal, twelve pounds of hay 
to each horse per day. This, in most, of our 
inland cities at this time, will cost only thirty 
cents per day. Our horses weighed about 
1,050 pounds each, and on this diet could 
perform very hard labor and keep in fine con¬ 
dition. If the Ingredients of this diet he 
examined, it will lx; found that they contain 
all requisites for supplying every want of the 
system. 
We have also used another formula for a 
labor diet., viz. 
ertrsimm 
HAW OR “HOOKS” REMEDY, 
pound. It Is furthermore to tie noted that Gor¬ 
man Saxiuj wool, which derma the last year has 
touched tho lowest price almost of the ooiiinry, 
could not now bo Imported, oven in the absence 
of all duty,and sold at so low a price natbeavor- 
hito prices which XX Ohio wool:- have com¬ 
manded duriutf tho past season iu the New York 
markets." 
Manufacturers arid wool growers will learn 
with surprise that (rood merino clothing wools 
arc produced In Texas tor seven cent* ft pound, 
and that unv Clothing wools are produced there 
In available quantities, which will serve assub- 
Biltutes for the wools of Ohio and M lohtgan, and 
with more surprise that merino clothing wools 
can be produced in t his count ry at. prices which 
defy the foreign competition of wools entering 
here without duty. I f t Ids be true, wool hua the 
exceptional privilege of being exempt, in its pro¬ 
duct ion from the inllm nee.., ,,! tngb eoff of labor, 
Of interest of capital, of charges of Internal tax¬ 
ation, Stale mid National, and ot the high de¬ 
mand:, of American civilization. In other words, 
the American farmer Can freely compete w ith 
t he half savage shepherd of l he Pampas. I [ this 
be true, why la not American wool produced for 
exportation? But. it. is well known that our ex¬ 
portations <ff wool to nil t.lm manufacturing tui¬ 
tions of the globe, in n single year, have not 
I icon equal to our imporiailontol playing cards. 
Thai Texas and the unoccupied lands of the 
South ami .Southwest open the prospect of prof¬ 
itable Reids for sheep husbandry Is admitted, and 
this consideration was urged as reason for ap¬ 
plying Lhe stimulus of protective duties fur the 
development ot these fields. But the most san¬ 
guine friends ®f Hie no - 1 If wore not aware that 
the hoped-for effects laid been realized in two 
years. The concluding paragraph m the passage 
minted implies that Gorman Saxon wool, with 
tno duty off, could not he Imported at the aver¬ 
age prices of XX Ohio wools, which are referred 
to (though liicixiTDctlyl te< being of Mu* same 
grad, .vat pnniiy. It the fact* be as alleged, it 
is difficult to see how Ltie duties on wool can op¬ 
press the mutmfacMU'or- 
Auochor statement, that “ wool* which the ex¬ 
isting tariff excludes are mainly wool; which are 
either not grown or grown In very limited quan¬ 
tities here," is far from correct. Tho main ob¬ 
ject of the wool growers in their demands for 
Increased duties un wool, was to cheek the niiti- 
oits competition of tho foreign wools, which 
wore being used ns substitutes for tho ordinary 
American wools. Thu American wool- now take 
Hie place of the medium mostlzn wools, former¬ 
ly imported an largely. The great bulk ol tho 
wools excluded by the luritf lire of tills class. 
The substitution of the Animi. au wool:- has 
proved, moreover, highly advantageous. Wc 
find the published statement of a well-known 
manufacturer as follows:—"lu 18tl5 and I860, we 
had a targe amount Ot goods made of mestizo, 
und other foreign wools, and were continually 
having claims made against ub for Imperfect 
good-. Wc abandoned the Idea of making any 
more goods ot mestfia, and from that, t une to 
this have never had a claim made upon iis tor ft 
piece of feeble goods." 
Provision was made for the admission, at a 
more revolt tie duty, of wools which it was ad¬ 
mitted could not be profitably grown here. Tho 
| protect! vo duties were made to apply to the 8ti- 
pcrilno wools and combing wools, its well as to 
the ordinary competing merino wools; to tho 
superfine wools, because they had bean grown 
hero wit 1 1 protit and of unrivaled excitilnnoo, 
and to the combing wools, because upon public 
grounds there ih no brunch of sheep husbandry 
more desirable I<» nationalize. Tho result, us Lu 
tho latter ban been most encouraging, and ao- 
sures u- of ati ultimate domestic supply of the 
kinds of wool at present the most profitable to 
tho manufacturers working Ihetti The re-mil 
as to the superfine wools, demanded to a com¬ 
paratively limited extent In our manufacture, 
it. is conceded bus not been mo encouraging. But 
tho causes which have impelled this production 
are in operation all over the world, the culture 
of these wools lining in a condition ot decline in 
nil UQUtRrie.s producing merino wool. If itiunu- 
facturors cannot afford to pay the price of im¬ 
ported Saxon wool of this character, even with 
the duty off, as the Commissioner implies, there 
i- evidently a sufficient, reason why such wools 
should not be grown here to any considerable 
extent. 
The Commissioner attempts to fortify Ills po¬ 
sitions by quoting the pretended admissions uf 
Ann nf ihn ( vmtni locinttnfe si + llmlkmu I*: v i ,, ,ut I i, m 
According to YotJATT, ft lnvw\ or rial piece 
or cartilage, of a semicircular form is placed 
within the corner of the eye; its use being 
to remove from Lite eye any annoying sub¬ 
stances, as dirt, dust, chaff, Ac., which is ac¬ 
complished by a muscular movement of the 
mass of fat at the inner corner of the eye 
acting upon the haw. This part ot the eye 
is liable to disease, taking qn inflammation 
from obstructions not readily removed, or 
from sympathy with the eye generally. The 
parts, by swelling, force, L.^ haw over the 
eye, which cannot resume itT natural place, 
causing ulceration and frequently fungus 
growth. Every means should be used t-o 
save the haw, as Us loss will torment the 
animal during life. 
To reduce the inflammation, an applica¬ 
tion of diluted tincture of opium is recom¬ 
mended. For a disease of the part, itself, a 
wash made of two grains of white vitriol and 
an ounce of water, increasing the strength 
as its use is continued to four grains vitriol, 
the greatest care being taken to confine tho 
application to the part and keep it from the 
eye itself. Should the application not prove 
effectual, a wash of half a grain of corrosive 
sublimate to an ounce of water, gradually in¬ 
creased to two grains, may be substituted. 
When necessary to extirpate the pest 
Youatt recommends a treatment similar to 
tho one described by Mr. ‘Bond, remarking 
that if the ulceration extends to the parts 
behind, or the neighboring tissues, they must 
also bo removed. The operation will be at¬ 
tended with considerable 1 deeding, and more 
or less inflammation, which must be subdued, 
and if the fungus sprout again touch it with 
caustic. 
The Scottish Farmer some time since de¬ 
scribed tho same or similar inflammation in 
the eyes of rattle, which was attributed to 
dust of roads as they were driven to mar¬ 
ket. Heat accelerated tho progress of the 
disease, and, as was supposed, the dried 
discharge was by the wind communicated 
to others of the herd, from which cause 
it. was pronounced contagious. The eye 
closed as though affected by light, and, 
on opening the lids, was found oi a deep 
scarlet tint, the transparent portion assum¬ 
ing a moist and glassy hue; within a 
few hours tho film formed over the globe, 
and the center of the cornea became of a 
reddish gray color, Aslhis continued and in¬ 
tensified, the fluids within the globes seemed 
to be forcing themselves out, and occasion¬ 
ally ulceration set in and the eyeball was 
destroyed. In other cases the film got 
thicker, and the animal became blind in one 
or both eyes, and though recovering their 
general health, never regained their vision. 
The disorder spreads to all animals kept with 
the affected ones. 
In recommending a course of treatment 
which had been found effectual, bleeding 
and emollients were strictly prohibited. Pur¬ 
gatives were of great, service, and removing 
those affected from the rest, and shutting 
them in dark sheds or stables, was highly 
I recommended. A seton was inserted near 
1 the affected eye on the side of the face, 
and at first ait acetate of lead and opium 
wash 
shores, saved the merino wool husbandry of this 
country from absolute destruction? In l8tw, 
under the low duty on wool, practically throe 
cents per pound, the imports Into the United 
States lrom the t.wo great cornpotlnjj countries, 
in tine-wool production, We to 22,(193 Ivales from 
Bueno- Ayres, and 11,007 bales from tho Capo of 
Good Hope. In 1808, after the wool tariff wont 
iiitu operation, the imports were reduced to 
4,001 bales H orn Buottos Ayres, and 1,980 halos 
from tie; Capo oi Good Ilbpe.t Is it oOnctrivublw 
that a diiiiiiiul ion Of importation to the extent 
of 3ii.t,tj bales brought down the prices of our 
dome-tie wools, arid this while the mills were 
still iu full activity? It Is needless to multiply 
argument' in proof ol ibe saving influences of 
the ore cut tariff upon our sheep husbandry, or 
to cite authorities from tho united voices of the 
agricnRural press, of tho Commissioner of Agr- 
cntlnre. and iff the wool growing associations 
throughout tho United State,; lor the views of 
the tlieorbu whom we aro combating are borne 
down by the practical judgment ot the united 
agric ultural opinion of the o mutry. 
3. The wool industry U assorted to be depressed 
in consequence of the present tariff On wool 
and woolens. 't’lie universal depression asserted 
Is denied, as many branches and establishments 
enjoj. reasonable prosperity. The depression 
should bo general, as the influence of the tariff 
is general, to prove the tariff to lie Hie. efficient 
cause- 'Tno depression In certain branches is 
admitted; but it ia unsound reasoning to resort 
to tlie tariff when other sufficient and moro ob¬ 
vious causes exist. These causes aro to be found 
iu an amount of production iu certain branches 
largely ahead of t he ordinary demand, and to a 
less extent in the supplies of army clothing and 
foreign manufactures thrown at low rates upon 
om mnrlcels. The over production fa tlioso 
brunettes exists beertuso tho machinery called 
into operation by tho nacesaiMofiof the war, and 
by the cotton fainine, still exceeds tho normal 
demand in time Of peace. Wc have authority 
for tho assertion that in eight years our produc¬ 
tion of woolen manufactures tins increased one 
hundred and lirty per cent., while utu' popula¬ 
tion baa advanced only thirty per cent. In this 
fact alone we tint! sufficient. cause for depression. 
The depressed branches suffer in spite of cheap 
wool. Even free wools would have hardly re¬ 
lieved a market already overstocked, while a 
geit' i d reduction ot tho tariff, admitting a del¬ 
uge ut foreign goods, would have con verted 
df l nv .-ion into annihilation. While dwelling 
upon the facts illustrative of depression, tho 
Ci ■■■'. it is ionet omitsany allusion to the imjproi e- 
tnriit- developed, and the long list of new tahrics 
nationalized, through tin, stimulus of tlic exist¬ 
ing i.c. ip, and to the facts demonstrated at the 
Expo-niiiu at the American Institute of the un- 
pi '•c.-denied progress in excellence of our wool¬ 
en manufacture. 
4. 1 1 is asserted that the existing tariff' has 
caused un increased importation of foreign 
lubries of wool. The increase in I860 tfi act down 
at a little over two million*in an importation of 
nearly thirty-six millions. If this lie so, tho 
but tit cm mot have the effect -so often urged by 
its opponents—of diminishing consumption ami 
reven ue. This; however, cannot bo its real 
*M. Moll’s report nn Wools iff Paris Exposition. 
. hUr. Lynch's statistics, Bulletin of National Asso¬ 
ciation iff Wool Manufacturers,p, 54. 
One pound of oil meal, 
eight pounds of oaf. meal, four pounds of 
corn meal, and twelve pounds of hay. This 
did very well, but was not quite equal to the 
first, although, generally, it will cost a little 
more. 
For a diet without much labor, we have 
found the following very good:—One-half 
pound of oil meal, eight pounds of wheat 
bran, and sixteen pounds of 1 1 tty. This, at 
present, would cost about twenty cents pet- 
day. 
It is proper to state that the hay was cut 
and moistened, then the oilier ingredients 
mixed with it, usually at. night, and left to 
the next day for feeding, causing incipient 
fennenlaliott. We (bought this an advan¬ 
tage, softening the fiber and rendering urns- 
td cat inn easier; but afterwards, we steamed 
the whole together and found that a great 
improvement. A little oil meal, each day, 
to above, assists digestion, keeps his coat 
smooth, and is well worth its cost as a food. 
Wo must not omit to note a. very common 
error in feeding horses, which has cost the 
life of many a noble animal—feeding corn 
meal, or other concentrat ed food alone. Corn 
meal, eaten alone, goes into Ike stomach of 
the horse in the solid stale of a housewife’s 
dough, t.To digest Ibis mass the gastric 
juice must penetrate and circulate through 
it. But, as this cannot be done, the digest¬ 
ing fluid operates only on the surface of the 
dough. The consequence is, that before it. 
Can lie digested, fever of the stomach is pro¬ 
duced, and sometimes death. But when the 
meal is mixed with cut hay and moistened 
so the meal adheres to it, the liny separates 
the particles of meal ho the gastric juice cir¬ 
culates through it like a sponge. Corn meal is 
quite harmless,even for colts, when thus fed. 
Wo have found the formulas of diet for 
.horses, given above, the cheapest and best, 
on a trial of years; but it will he seen lluit 
from the materials mentioned, a great variety 
Of diets may be formed with the requisite 
constituents for health and strength. Hals, 
froiy the general preference given to them, 
are usually dearer, according to their real 
value, than some other forms of fond con¬ 
taining the same constituents, and when this 
is the case others should bo substituted 
my subsequent efforts—J ohn II us hand, South 
Wales, 1 stiff. 
The colony that gave us one hundred and 
eighty pounds of honey, the past season, 
wits only an average one, and the hive of 
average size, hut it was kept from swarming. 
Tho upper chamber of the hive was supplied 
with frames of empty conths, and these were 
emptied of their contents with the honey 
extractor. This operation was repeated six- 
times during the season. During the rush 
ot the honey harvest they were emptied 
once a week; and when honey was not so 
abundant, only once in two or three weeks. 
was used, followed by chloride of 
ZiUC lotion, or a nitrate of silver eye water, 
if neessary. The disease lasted from a week 
to ten days, but yielded to careful treatment 
in two or three days if commenced at ils 
first appearance. Blowing burned alum into 
the eye was deprecated as causing intolera¬ 
ble suffering. 
