Build up manufacturing 
than wheat and corn 
industries in the wheat-producing States west of 
vines thus pruned ] the Mississippi, ftutl less wheat will be grown in 
Tbe advantages or proportion to tho producing population, and 
more of other crops which arc daily consumed 
tion will How to fruit instead of making fiber 
nor will there he loss of 
grows near the ground, a 
will produce larger fruit 
pruning have indeed been questioned, hut my 
tomatoes grow l>ost when av/i pruned. 
1 have tried all tho popular varieties, and I am 
satisfied that for family use no other variety 
equals Lester's Perfected Tomato, which, al¬ 
though not one of the newest kinds, has for 
years beou favorably known.” 
I tuck Salt from Sn» Domingo*—Dr. TRIMRLE 
called attention to a sample of ruck salt—a large 
lump of which was exhibited—from San Domin¬ 
go, stating that a party of New York capitalists 
uW ned a mountain of it eight miles long and two 
' miles wide. The Commander of the Club stated 
IStUSStOttS 
lormtltim 
WESTERN N. Y. FARMERS’ CLUB 
AVe continue our notes ot me sayings »>*« ^ 
doings of this distinguished body of scientilic 
agriculturists. bu 
Old v*. New Corn for Swine,—H. COPE, Short on 
Creek, Ohio, asks ttie comparative value of old, tu 
dry, and that fresh husked, corn for fattening l0 
liogs. Tim replies were mere surmises, i’hc til 
Rural will be glad to print facts and figures cc 
bearing on tbe question. to 
Orange Co., N. Y„ Dairies mid the Railroads. 
_CHAKIjKSS lNClEGTON', MiddletOWll, Orange CO., 
N. Y., writes tho Club: 
'‘Dairy farming is made a specialty, the farms 
being stocked to their fullest capacity with 
milch cows, by which system the laud snows 
richer and richer every year, and is tlietaby 
capable of sustain!ngustill targur stock. Instead 
ot being manufactured at. I tie farm,-bo use, 
formerly, the golden article is notv taken to the 
cheese ami butter factories. In the \iUulty of 
railroads, sending milk to the New 1 ink mat ket 
is thc buiiuess. The railroad faei lit cs a re good. | 
Two great railways, Hie Erie and tho Midland, 
with their branches, traverse it m nearly eteiv 
part. By the way, tho turnings ot a single milk 
[rain on'the Erie Railroad, by. runiiim 
six miles one trip per day to Now folk, taSesJ, 
000 per an quid- l-aims gononil tv 
one hundred acres, and cost from to 
acre, according to the proximity ot OWUUWgJ 
siation. Tlicro Is uu abundance ot stone tot 
fencing, and it is observed thu( the more stony 
the land itio umre productive the soil is tound to 
be when oncecleared. Tim Orange county hirm- 
Ci s, by pnmticing industry and economy, Ian o 
grown rich and independent, that is il tin 
Houses, fine carriages and sevou-thirUes aro any 
index.” 
Ayraulta’ Fnt Cattle Committee was called 
upon to report. 'Hie Chairman announced that 
he would do so at the next meeting, whereupon 
several Professors of the Art Of Grinding at¬ 
tempted to advertise a certain agricultural 
; paper winch had given illustrations of these ani¬ 
mals and a full account of the manner in which 
they were fed. These gentlemen arc respect¬ 
fully informed that such advertisements arc in¬ 
serted in the RURAL at $2.50 per Line. 
1 \ Co-operative Organization. UuGiT MCfiRE- 
1 ram. Secretary of the " Excelsior Co-operative 
s 1 Colony of Kansas,” with headquarters at 211 
C Bowery. -N. Y„ writes the Club that this organt- 
“ ration consists ot working men, who believe 
that they will bo better able to provide for tbem- 
‘ selves in Kansas than here in this city. To H'o, 
a end they aro saving tho moans to migrate and 
1 establish themselves in Kansas, and .solicit seeds, 
, grape cuttings, &c., from (ho Club and such of 
I its members its may have them to spare. Dr. 
II Hull'll had attended some of tho meetings of this 
a gocict.v at the place named, and was satisfied 
that, through its agency the condition of many 
poor workingmen's families would he bettered, 
llutntiuii of Crops.—AbUERT Long, Hartford, 
ll \Vis., gave his system of rotation ot crops us fol- 
lows':-” Meadow, pasture, corn, barley, wheat, 
e- i it* believes, if this were adopted hy the prairie 
a. farmers it would he greatly to their benefit, and 
would actually enrich their land. Ho has land 
(lately purchased) which lias been plowed for 
twenty t wo years lu succession within 1 1 manure 
to or gnv-s seed, producing, as near as ho can get at 
IS. it,eighteen crops of wheat, two of corn,and two 
■ of oats. Lost year It, yielded at least two luiisof 
*“ clover and timothy bay per aero for the first, 
m ero|). Now,he contended, if this land is kept in 
i:y j^i-as.s two years in five, hereafter, aud all the hay 
nr mul straw made into manure and faithfully re- 
, turned to it, will it not grow richer? There can 
bo no question but it will. Itenco I would ad- 
Tiie following are notes of tlie meeting held 
February 2; 
Wheal.—Mr. BiuDSKfit, exhibited a sample of 
Treadwell or White Michigan Mlieat, stating 
that, the millers say il will not make as good 
Hour as the Pennsylvania Blue Stem. Mr. Boot 
replied that it was better tlmn ( lie Author, but 
uot equal to the Diehl. If is hardy, yields well 
and Is a good variet y to grow. The reporter adds 
that from his experience the Amber is not wort h 
growing in comparison with either the Treadwell 
or Diehl. Of the last two varieties the Diehl is 
superior in quality and will be fouud most pro¬ 
fitable on first-class wheat lands. 1 1 is somewhat 
difficult, yet to procure unmtxed samples. Tho 
straw is shorter, stiller, and the head is bald. 
The kernels are thickly set oil it. It is hardy, 
and does best with tliluui&h seeding. The Tread¬ 
well has a. tailor, whiter straw, long, bearded 
lit*:ill, with kernels thinly set. It. is hotter adapt¬ 
ed to second or third-class wheat laud than the 
inter well, and looks so 
Tbe plant which the engravingrepiwwuw 
originated with Mr. Wm. Davidson, a well- 1 
known Brooklyn florist, from a plantation 
of the common pink sort, BoucarrUa Hogarth, 
which, it resembles in all respects, except 
that the flowers are pure white. T he at 
desideratum with florists for winter flowers 
has been a free growing, white flowering, 
Bouvardia. There aro several distinct spe¬ 
cies having white flowers, but they arc all of 
delicate growth. Judging from the parent¬ 
age of the one now before us, it is likely to 
be robust as the pink variety, from which it 
originates; if so, the raiser, Mr. Davidson, 
has a little fortune at command trout his 
good luck. Peter Henderson. 
FLORICULTURE IN TEXAS. 
Notes from the Garden of lStfiK 
Commenced gardening Jan. loth. Pre¬ 
pared a bed and set bulbs that I had brought 
from home, (Illinois,) without any expei Na¬ 
tion of other reward than saving the life ot 
my bulbs. But the last of March the hya¬ 
cinths were blooming. I ulips and lilies 
followed in their turn, the flowers being as 
perfect as if they had been planted in Octo¬ 
ber I had some lino annuals, which lar 
exceeded anything that I bail ever seen. 
Balsams of every color and shade, beauti¬ 
fully mottled and striped, producing more 
„i,i inri.ini ami larger florets than 1 ever saw 
Diehl. It stands the w 
magnificent when growing ami ripened that an 
unskilled observer would put a much higher 
value on it than on a field ol’ Diehl, which, 
though looking inferior, would fin* nut-yield it. 
laurgct III Cows.— Mr. GLASS asked for a 
remedy for what he considered garget In a row. 
The udder continued swollen and the milk di¬ 
minished. Mr. DflWBY aud other members, 
recommended poke-root,administered iuteiuul- 
ly. it is a common and useful remedy for this 
class of discuses. 
The Peach Duds. -Mr. QiiiMlJY inquired about 
the condition of tho pencil buds. Iio bad dis¬ 
covered no injury as yel. The weather had not 
been cold enough. Mr. Fowler thought tho 
buds wore not as well ripened as usual owing to 
the extremely wet, cold fall. The opinion was 
general Unit it was not possible for Hie buds to 
have been injured by cold as yel, but that it was 
too early to feel sure of a crop. 
Farm Labor was Hiusubject InrdisoU'Sion. Mr. 
C|r ,ass said i his was it serious question 
era, as tho price 
for form** 
or labor had tiol fallen in pro¬ 
portion to the price <d‘ farm produce, and it was 
not probable that It would. A correct measure 
of tho value of labor is what it. will purchase. A 
mouth’s wages of a farm hand will buy more 
now than at. any previous time, it now lakes 
all Hint the labor and oupttal invested will pro¬ 
duce to pay for llin labor. The laborer can al- 
ford to fall ten per cent, at least. Duo remedy 
for high priced labor is good calculation, so a&to 
use it to the bust advantage. He was in favor ol 
employing first - class, skilled labor. It "as 
Cheaper to pay two good men the wages of three 
| ordinary hands than to employ tho latter. I he 
fanner' must give closer attention to business; 
let |,im go intu the field and have Hie work “mil 
ami dried” for the laborer. Proper machinery 
is also a great cheuiletter of labor. Ho planted 
potatoes with » plow, and by using it horse saved 
the tabor of a man. He dug them with a shovel 
plow and drag, and one band could do t he work 
or two the usual way. He would not produce 
lc-s bocau.se prices were low, but. ration im lease 
business. Paid for work last season, $35 per 
month, without board, for eight months. 
Mr. Hayward paid $150 per year, without 
board, and charged tho laborer fairly for all 
perquisites. 
Mi'. QOXMUY had fried Um tenant system tor 
sixteen years—employing men with families and 
furnishing them with houses,&c., -and liked the 
system. Charged the laborer moderately for 
reel, and Hie lowest market price for produce. 
It was a mlicit better way than to employ tran- 
, siotil help and board it tu the farmer's fntntly. 
He thought far mew must adopt this system it 
, they wished t<> have and retain first-class help 
I The quality of our labor had deteriorated within 
1 1 a few years, and frequent dbunge is the malt 
r reason therefor. Educate a laborer to ids wort 
1 and then make It an object for him to stay wltl 
't you. Near Rochester, German women etui i>< 
i hired to do ten hours’ work for soventy-llvi 
- | cents to one dollar, aud they perform nearly a 
much as men. 
n I Mr Hayward —I have found it necessary > 
J | keep men by the year in order to secure goo 
i- Mr. Hodges spoke of the great change m t h 
quality of labor, and thought no material reduc 
d tion in price would be made forsomc years. H 
thought laborers might be brought front En; 
iy ! land With profit if u. well directed efiort wm 
:r made. 
tu Mr. ROOT 
x^vviusoisrii. 
that analysis of this salt at Philadelphia had 
shown that the best samples were ninety-nine 
per rent, pure salt. This salt, is not now in mar¬ 
ket, nor was it stated when it would be: but it 
is believed it can bo put on the market at ten 
cents per Inishel of eighty pounds. Mr. Lawton 
says that in his neighborhood farmers now pay 
about seven cents per pound tor such salt, and 
he expressed the hope that It would be speedily 
i,laced within the reach Of farmers, if it could 
BOUVARDIA 
put into pork. In tho valleys of all the streams 
the lands are astonishingly fertile, Gu tbe 1 m- 
con River there are farms winch have boon cul¬ 
tivated for over fifty yeafs and vet produced 
one hundred bushels of corn to the acre, lho 
same may be saupof the valleys ol lho Hmmis- 
ooo, Tuckuseegoe Valley River, Chooidli, and Hl- 
awasses. Buckwheat, flax, hemp, all grow and 
give largo returns. In tact any plant widen 
grows in tho valley or Urn Mohawk will flourish 
there. Irish potatoes give a larger yield from 
ill,, native soil I hail in the North—the usual crop 
is two hundred and fifty tu Hove hundred bush¬ 
els per acre, and wo hrU^juiovvn six hundred 
bushels gathered from first veto’s land, off which 
the trees had not boon cut,simply girdled. I his, 
too, wu« luountuiu-aido, perhaps8,UOO W fthovc 
the sen level. 
The mountain sides grow all tho grains with 
good vlolds, but. uro more profitable for grass. 
Wheat Production mid Consumption, Mr, J. 
Diht irilNKT.ii road ft paper, In which ho stated 
that it appears from the census returns of 18«n, 
that 173,flH,»2t bushels of Wheat were raised m 
tho United States, giving 5kf bushels to each in¬ 
habitant.. While the New England Slates pro¬ 
duced only 12 quarts to each person, the Middle 
States produced nearly 4 bushels, the Southern 
States 3X bushels, and the Western States 10 
bushels. California produced 15 bushels to each 
person. New York, in ISflOf produced only s.fisl,- 
105 bushels of wheat; or about 2>tf bushels to 
each Inhabitant. Pannoylvanla, according to 
the census of 1250, raised more wheal. Hum any 
other State in tho Union, 15,307,001 bushels; In 
1800,13,042,105; or about 4 bushels to each person 
Illinois, tlit* fj’mHost producer In uilRta 
sr, 7 ,o:.M ttnsholK, being upwards of 20 bushels tpt 
each Inhabitant, In 1070, no doubt the Kimtte»t 
I yield pur acre will be found to ho west ot tin 
I Mississippi River, in llie Htate - ol Iowa, Minin' 
good v 101(19, out. are more pnmmui<- .....h***™* 
Timothy lias been known to grow over six H'Ut 
high on a mountain that, is 1,000 reel, above the 
sea level. Tlui* it must become a great dairy 
farming and stock raising region Is evident, and 
will be tbo conviction ol tui who visit it. All 
varieties of apples, pears, plums, cherries, and 
grapes, grow and ripen. It is the native homo 
of tbo famous Catawba grape, the climate of 
Asheville is about tho samo as that of Dijon, 
Franco, whore the best Burgundy wines are 
made. The peacli seldom ripens tu this part or 
the Blue Ridge, yet there are valleys which, I roiu 
peculiar location, aro free from frost till much 
Wr than tho surrounding country. Ot all thia 
iutorniantuUe region, cornpdsing over 7, xw 
.square miles, I here are, probably, 7S,(HH),0Ob am < > 
in forest-, m which the ax of mat, has never en¬ 
tered, It is the idea of many f nat a mountain is 
a barren, bur, in Western North (Mroliim they 
rotation first ; then, if they Hunk they can make 
it profitable, at the rate wo are compelled to sell 
beet' cattle, to mow their lands sixteen years in 
succession, they may do so.” 
Exterminating \ eruilu from Stock.—J. 8. Ekr- 
ius, Milan, O., asks If there is anything which, 
K f t *d to stock, will so enter into the circulation 
of tho blood ns to induce vermin to leave ani¬ 
mals? Mr. Carpenter said he had fed his fowls 
sulphur regularly, and lie believes tho effect is 
to render them distasteful io vermin. Mr. Cay- 
anA t:ii aaid that a tew years ago, when the 
measuring worm was ravaging tho shade trees 
in Brooklyn, some genius recommended boring 
a hole Into the trees and inserting bitter aloes, 
to be taken into tho circulation ot the sap, and 
thus render the foliage distasteful to the worm. 
Probably feeding stock unpalatable minerals 
wou ld be iust as effectual as feeding the sume to 
A splt'iulld Bose Hedge,—The florist ami i o- 
inologist describes, In the garden of V. Pryor, 
Welwyn, England, a rose hedge -20 '‘bt'oug, 
skirting one of tbe principal walks in the kitch¬ 
en jnuden. Tho row, originally, was Com* 
posed of half standards, but afterwards was 
trcllisnd over with Wire to the height of about 
lour foot six iuoliCvS Dtu^l four loot In width at 
the bottom. The whole of the trellis has been 
filled op with llm growth of Hie roses, and is 
literally loaded with blooms in all stages of de¬ 
velopment. Tbo following varieties seem to be 
admirably adapted to the purposeCharles 
Lawson, fine, and a vary free bloomer ; Emd 
Raglan; Yellow Persian; Comte sc. de Chabrd- 
jant, first-rate; Blaire, No. 2, beautiful flowers, 
very fine; Gloive de Dijon, profusely bloomed; 
Jules MargotHn,grand; General Jacqueminot; 
Caroline de Sansal, Cheuedolc, Anna Alcxielf, 
all first-rate; Hie yellow and copper-colored 
varieties of tbo Austrian Briar; and last, though 
not least, the Manotli, which gives relief and 
variety to its more showy rivals, that tins 
method of cultivation is a very successful one 
there can be no doubt. 
As the trelJisiug can be made to any height or 
width, tho plan cannot be too strongly recom¬ 
mended for furnishing tall or dwarf hedges along 
the walks of either kitchen or flower gardens, or 
even to form back rows in ribbon borders. 
parched up" brown sedge. Of ubura»there are 
barrens. Laud cleared, near Asheville, is worth 
from $3 to $20; wooded laud, at greater or less 
distance, from 60 cents to $3 per acre. Home 
large mountain tracts might be bought tor less. 
The gentleman said that dairies were already 
established in this region, and a Herkimer Co., 
N. Y., dairyumu located there said he had never 
seen a superior dairy country. 
Tomato Culture.—A paper was read from J. 
Payne Lowe of New Jersey upou tbe tomato 
and Us culture. Mr. Lowe regards it a l'ruit 
most susceptible of improvement. He says: 
“Seed from fruit which ripens earliest will pro¬ 
duce the earliest next season; and if properly 
grown, and from the best variety, will give the 
desirable qualities of curliness, productiveness, 
si/.e, solidity, fewness of seeds, beauty of form, 
thinness of skin, delicacy of flavor, and richness 
of color. All that is wanted is a few inches of 
rather light, rich soil, the box in the sunshine in 
a warm, well ventilated room; tho box covered 
with glass to counteract the dryness of the at¬ 
mosphere. The plants once growing must re¬ 
ceive no check from the want of care. A few 
plants well grown will be worth fur more than 
any number ol those crowded to suffocaUou in 
* . • . I . i.l.l rtf Moil 
labor or capital is too dear— 
There is not as much profit in 
fore tho war. Farm labor is 
immodiHes according to the 
d. Ho was glad that labor was 
luntvy; it was scarce and sells 
si end Law tended to make it 
Europe, which governs, in u great measure, the 
«Hee P $ bmulstuifs in iho United States, benefit¬ 
ing the tu riner and shipper only when these fe ft 
scarcity in foreign markets, to tho Injury of the | 
limne consumer, who then lias to pay high prices. | 
Th e lliinl fact presents itself in tho cost of trims- r 
porta tion from the interior <rf our country and 
shipment to Europe. Hero tlui carrier ciimesui | 
for a rich reward, at the present i hue getting as 
muoh for freight as the farmer for Ins labor. It 
winter wheat bo worth $1.40 a bushel hi Liver¬ 
pool, England, there would have to be deducted 
for carrying from Chicago and marine freight 
to Europe, with other-charges for insurance. 
&o„ ubout 70 cents, leaving only 70 itiiH for the 
Amoriciui tarnicr. W hen theism IhcIh ait 
duly considered, it shows the rumcius policy ol 
utnJortaklng to compete with the (.omliicnt ol 
Europe in tnc Engll-li markets, they only pay¬ 
ing remunerating prices when so com pel led by 
short crops at home. A nattier fitet deserves the 
attention of the American tanner—that Is, the 
1 yield, per aero of wheat. Is decreasing in all the 
8tut*4east of tho Mississippi River; while in Eng¬ 
land and on the Continent the yield is holding 
jfn own 0riuCfGASi^8itowinic i<j HUp^riot* Jiiunagc 
numt Ju .iia.,..ring and tillage. The ruirumsiy 
inconstant, market abroad, aud the piesenr high 
charges for Iraustiortatlon, will, uu doubt, . hut 
out the exporting of brctidSHifis tn Europe. 
California alotm will have tho best eliuncu as a 
competitor in the English market from this time 
forward, owing to H»e trans-shipment being 
direct, by water, to Europe. 
Tbo lesson drawn front these facts was the im¬ 
portance of homo consumption and Of protec¬ 
tion io order to develop and diversify our indus¬ 
tries. To this there was emphatic dissent by 
some members, who stated that as much wheat, 
could Vie grown per acre in the East as over, and 
the only reason why it Is not grown is because 
other crops pay better. This is true; and it la 
because Eastern farmers are close to the (tenters 
of consumption that other crops do pay better 
Lluaria Cymbalnria Variegat*, or Variegated 
Kennelworth Ivy, a neat drooping plant with 
ivy like leaves, the centra of which « a bright 
pea green, wiLh a deep edge ot white,-is a plant 
peculiarly adapted for hanging baskets or vases, 
being found in Europe, growing upon old walls, 
often without soil. A slight crack in the old 
mortar is sufficient to gorbtinato the seed; when 
once started it grows freely. Flowers are lilac. 
It grows beet when shaded from the mid-day 
sun.—W. Davison, VmMnn. 
jyJ Vv ,ai 
1^1 
kT-t « 
J 1 fi 
xl A ^ J 
\ Ik \ 
