either pine or oak; standard B, 4x3x30 
inches; hopper P, 16x16 inches at the top, 
beveled to admit of the hooking thereon of 
the hag O, as shown. It is obvious that by 
having the upper portion of the hopper of 
larger dimensions than the top or mouth of 
hag, the operation of filling can be performed 
muen quicker, and with less liability to spill 
the grain; the bag holder also dispenses 
with oue hand. 
Hsbanbrt) 
sugar than both iNew Hampshire anu Massa¬ 
chusetts. Some of her orchards yield 3,000 
pounds in a good sugar year. On the hillsides 
a labor-saving plan has been adopted. The 
sugar house is built at the lowest point, and 
at the farthest corner of the orchard; then a 
main duct is laid on an inclined plane; to 
this lead ducts, which extend far up the 
mountain, into these spouts from all the 
trees flow. By this means the tiny drops of 
from five hundred to a thousand trees form 
a respectable stream, which runs into a 
reservoir within the sugar house. All the 
trouble of collecting the sap is prevented— 
and, indeed, in many cases, the. stoping hill¬ 
side would render it. impossible—and a ton 
or more of sugar is made with much less 
w'ork than by the old way of gathering the 
sap. Three pounds of sugar is considered a 
good yield from each large tree. 
At the base of Moosilanke, in New Hump- 
shire, this plan is in successful operation. 
Two or three thousand trees are tapped, and 
great quantities of sugar are made; Yankee 
ingenuity having solved the problem ol pro¬ 
curing the sap from the monarchs of the 
forest, who have heretofore defied the at¬ 
tempts of those who came to rob them of 
their life’s blood. No one can doubt, but 
that it is an injury to maple forests if the 
sap is allowed to run too long. Their owner 
should consider his own interest, in these 
matters, and not drain his trees too closely. 
Maple forests ought to be planted. The 
time is coming when our children will be 
forced to plant forests for the well being of 
their children, and the good work should 
begin now. Maple orchards are a great 
revenue to the farmer, and with large tracts 
of cleared land upon his farm he could de¬ 
vote a few acres to this purpose and plant a 
nursery of maple trees which would he to 
nis grand-children and great grand-children 
what his groves are to him—a source of 
revenue and comfort.—S. O. Johnson. 
arm t&conirmg 
H. S. RANDAL!,, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Or Cortland Villagz, Cortland Countv, Nut York 
WOOLEN MANUFACTURERS’ ASSO. 
TION OF THE NORTHWEST. 
This Association held its annual meeting 
at Chicago, February 17. A correspondent 
writes us that the attendance was good and 
the feeling among tins manufacturers hope¬ 
ful. Various important matters connected 
with the Association and its objects were 
discussed and acted upon. A. R. GARDNER 
offered the following preamble and resolu¬ 
tion : 
Whereas, F,(Torts are being made by the advo¬ 
cates of freo trade to Influence Congressional 
legislation to secure the repeal, or serious modi¬ 
fication our protective uni IT laws, and behov¬ 
ing that the present depression in our tuanuma¬ 
turing Interest does not, as It 18 alleged in the 
arguments of the opposition, arise from, or Is 
the result of, our protective tftritl', but that It is 
entirely dependent upon other causes, mainly 
arising from the war; therefore, 
Resolved, Thnttbis Association earnestly pro¬ 
tests against any change in our present tariff 
laws, and that we urge upon our members oT 
Congress our earnest desire that they leave the 
present d u Uos on wools and woolens in full force. 
Dr. Mouse, of St. Louis, said that they 
must not judge by the remarks of Mr. 
Coleman that his city was free trade. They 
had a strong protective association there. 
The resolution was adopted. 
The muue of the Association was changed 
to “ Woolen Manufacturers’ Association of 
the West and South.” George 8. Bowen, 
Esq., of Chicago, was re-elected President, 
and Jesse McAllister, of Chicago, was re¬ 
elected Recording Secretary. W. IIolly 
was elected Corresponding Secretary. A 
number of Vice-Presidents and an Execu¬ 
tive Council were c hosen. A resolution was 
adopted that an exposition, embracing all 
Fig. 2. fig. 1. 
Figure 2 illustrates a simple arrangement 
for the purpose. The hopper is of the size 
of that in Figure 1. It is supported by three 
short straps or chains R, R, R, attached to 
as many of its several sides, which in turn 
are attached at the point M. This bag 
holder is cheap, simple, portable and dura¬ 
ble. It can be attached to the granary wall 
or any portion of the barn above the floor. 
By providing the maiu chain M with a hook 
it can ho raised or lowered, to accommodate 
bags of various lengths. L. D. Snook. 
wood spouts. The tin will rust and ciarucn 
the sugar. Tin buckets are much used 
by some, hut wooden ones are preferable, 
though the sap must not be allowed to sour 
in them. When a good sugar day comes, 
all the utensils should he ready. The huge 
copper pan must be scoured bright as it can 
he made;—most of the pans now used hold 
forty gallons. Into this the sap should be 
strained through a cotton cloth, and when 
the sirup is well boiled, hut still thin, it is 
strained through the cloth again, into clean 
butter firkins which have been scalded. 
Let this sirup stand over night, while another 
forty gallons of sap boils down; for in a 
good sugar season the sap should boil night 
and day. When the second quantity of 
sirup is thick enough, strain it off, wash out 
the copper pan, and pour into it the sirup 
which was boiled the previous day, taking 
leave the “ settlings,” (which may he 
quart, and will make good vine- 
trbsimm 
ITEMS FOR HERDSMEN, 
FOOT - ROT, 
James M. Brundage of Pleasant Valley, 
Steuben Co., N. Y., writes us:—“I have a 
writes us 
remedy for ‘ foot-ail ’ in sheep, that has been 
so certain and prompt in my hands, and all 
others who have tried it, I am tempted to 
give it to the readers of the Rural, notwith¬ 
standing the number of remedies and ‘ cer¬ 
tain cures’ that have been published. The 
use of it is attended with less trouble, time 
and monied expenditure than any of which 
I have knowledge. 
Having trimmed the feet of your sheep, as 
for the application of vitriol, water, or any 
other liquid preparation; avoid making 
them bleed much, for this washes away the 
medicine from the diseased part. Then take 
equal parts of blue vitriol, finely pulverized, 
and dry white lead, and enough boiled lin¬ 
seed oil to make a paint a little thicker than 
would be proper for painting the side of your 
house. The whole being thoroughly mixed, 
apply, by the use of a small paint brush, the 
paint to every part of every foot of every 
sheep in your flock, whether you can discov¬ 
er any disease in all the feet or not. Keep 
them upon dry straw or diy ground for a 
few days. 
In about a month look at the feet of your 
sheep again, and if any trace of the foot-ail 
is discovered trim such as require it, then 
paint every foot in your flock again, keep¬ 
ing on dry ground or straw as before, and 
care to 
nearly a 
gar) at the bottom. 
This way of preparing the sugar increases 
its whiteness and delicacy of flavor. The 
sirup is then boiled down almost to grained 
sugar, and is poured into firkins and stirred 
off This same process is a very needful 
thing in the making of sugar. The sap must 
bo "stirred and skimmed — skimmed and 
stirred during the wholo period of boiling, if 
one desires nice, tempting sugar. The 
nearly grained sugar is set, aside in the fir¬ 
kins until the warm days in May, then it is 
placed in a barrel or firkin with augur holes, 
three or four, bored into the bottom, and set 
upon a tub to drain. Clean linen cloths, wet 
in pure cold water, are laid over the whole 
surface of the 6Ugar, pressed tightly down, 
and not a grain of sugar left uncovered. 
Every morning this cloth must be changed ; 
it will acquire a dark-brownish color, and 
must be rinsed and scalded, and remain in 
cold water till the followin gmorning, when 
the same process is repeated. This must be 
faithfully attended to daily for three weeks, 
always applying a clean cloth when the 
soiled one is removed. From filly pounds 
of sugar nearly a gallon of high-colored 
sirup will be obtained, which can be used 
for cooking purposes. The sugar will be of 
clnysialinc whiteness, and the most fastidious 
taste could not object to it for berries or 
colfee. 
We hope our readers will try this process. 
It was described to us by a good woman 
•who has made sugar for nearly forty years, 
with the greatest success. 
To make the sugar into cakes the sap 
is boiled to a greater consistency than for 
grained sugar, and must be stirred constant¬ 
ly. A goodly supply of “ elbow-grease ” is 
required in its manufacture, hut it pays; for 
the temptingly white, deliciously-flavored, 
prettily-scolloped cakes bring a high price 
in market, and arc as much sought after as 
“ caramels ” and “ chocolate drops.” 
New milk is extensively used by some 
manufacturers to whiten the sugar. When 
the sirup is put on to boil the second time, 
after it has settled, just as it reaches the boil¬ 
ing point, a large colfee cup of new milk is 
turned in and soon a thick scum rises to the 
top which is filled with sediment; it must he 
skimmed off at once, for if suffered to boil in, 
it will blacken rather than whiten. 
.Most of the farmers throughout many of 
our heavily timbered States make, in a good 
^ year, all the sugar and sirup they use in their 
^ families, and it is desirable that they should 
^ make an A No. 1 article; and though these 
L directions read like work, they will find it to 
L their advantage to follow them. 
Sigiiiid 
EVASION OF THE TARIFF OF 1867 
[From the Now York Tribune.] 
The Hon. Bonn' 5- Randall, In Moore'S Ru¬ 
ral New-Yorker of the 20th day of last Janu¬ 
ary, publishes a letter or tils to the Hon. Samuel 
Hooper, chairman of a sub-commit,too that has 
especial charge of tho wool and woolen int m-or'.ts, 
from which letter the following important facts 
uro principally derived, ns to extensive evasions 
of the law, lu a quarter little expected when it 
was framed in 1887. By that law, a duty of 30 
per cent, aft valorem was levied “on sheep skins 
and A ngom gout skins, raw or manufactured, 
imported with tho wool on, washed or un¬ 
washed.” 
It wo 3 little thought by the framers of t he law 
that tho time would soon, or ever come, when 
sheep would bo slaughtered that their wool 
might bo sent to the United States under this low 
duty—but bo it has turned out: and now tho 
flock owners in Buenos Ayres, Capo of Good 
Hope, Australia, and other countries, are killing 
Merino sheep, on whose skins tho woo! has been 
allowed to grow until it is in some cases four 
Inches in length. Mr. Randall, having obtained 
the necessary information from tho Custom 
Houses in Now York mid Boston, estimates tho 
loss to tho National Treasury by this evasion of 
the law, at. nearly half a million of dollar?, tho 
importation of skins from liuenoa Ayres having 
risen from 8,265 in 1866 ..to 80,522 skins tty the mid¬ 
dle of November In 1869. The estimate in pouuds 
nr wool thus imported from this one country 
being, as given by Mr Butish, the officer who has 
the appraisal of wool In charge at the New York 
Custom House, at 80,">12 pounds in 1860, and in 
following facts: Take, for example, I tie average 
pounds ol' wool on the washed Buenos Ayres 
skins landed hat ween March 2,1867, and Nov. 10, 
180!), at 2,515,536 pounds, the Government receiv¬ 
ing In duties on tlm same, $157,221. 11' lids same 
number of pounds hud been imported off the 
skins, (in washed fleeces,) it would have paid in 
duties, $613,790,” 
Mr. Randall asks the Committee of Ways and 
Means to amend tho law of 1807. by adopting tho 
words of the taw of All wool imported 
on the skin shall be estimated as to weight and 
value, and shr.lt pay tho same rate of duty as 
other imported wool.” ... 
Agreeing oh 1 do with Mr. Randall in his views 
as to this evasion of the true in tent of the luw of 
1867.1 advise ail wool growers to write their ire¬ 
mediate Representatives in Congress, and ask 
Them u> aid in amending the luw as suggested by 
him— Geo. Geddes, hair mount, Onondaga Co., 
N. Y; Feb., 1870. 
BAG H0LRERS. 
Farmers who raise crops of cereals for 
market are well aware of the trouble anti 
I labor involved in the one operation of bag 
1 filling. It oftentimes happens that one per- 
| son is required to hold open and fill the bag 
at the same time; this, however, is a slow 
and tedious process; and to expedite this 
important operation, at the same time render 
it less laborious, the hag holders shown iu 
the accompanying illustration were invented. 
A proper size for the one delineated in 
| Figure 1 is platform K, 34x14x2 inches, 
NOTES AND EXTRACTS 
Yolk. — A. L. Martin, Columbiana, O., 
asks: — “Are the wool manufacturers op¬ 
posed to black-topped wool, and has it to he 
clipped off before it. is made into cloth ? Do 
they prefer white yolk in the wool to yel¬ 
low?” The manufacturers are opposed to 
black-topped wool. As to clipping it off, 
there is no shadow of need of it in ordinary 
cases, and, we apprehend, no absolute neces¬ 
sity for it in any case. In regard to the color 
Wens Cnn lie Cured— Matjif.w M. Lee writes 
us that wens can be cured by the uso of soap. 
He says“ Take tho soap from the sides of the 
soap tub- that which has partly driod- and rub 
on the bunch onco a day for eight or ten days, 
wotting tho bunch thoroughly each time with 
the soap. T have never known if to fail to cure. 
I have cured them after they have broke and 
run a long time.” But we have known it to fail. 
If it. it is only a flesh wen it may cure; but if 
the bone is affected wo think it will not. 
i-.'jlhi-'l 
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