Iirh never been injured in the least. The 
fruit is about the size of the large yellow 
Siberian Crab, oblung, truncated, ribbed, 
clear, smooth, rich pale yellow; surface 
almost oily; stem long, slender, in a broad, 
open, deep cavity; calyx closed, with per¬ 
sistent erect segments, set without basin on 
the truncated end, with deep and numerous 
furrows; flesh yellowish white, crisp, juicy, 
mild sub-acid, moderately rich, very good; 
core large, open; seeds abundantseason, 
October and November. [Mr. Elliott 
writes it has proved of value for culinary 
uses, pies, pickles, preserves and jelly, and 
took first premium at State Fair in 1808 ] 
l’ride of ilio Prairie ? or, Elliott's No. 5. 
Tiiis is a seedling from the Pride of Min¬ 
neapolis, is roundish, conical, truncated; skin 
red on yellow ground, with large white 
specks; stein slender; cavity broad, open, 
deep; calyx closed; basin broad,open,deep, 
corrugated; flesh yellowish white, crisp, 
tender. Sharp sub-acid, very good; core 
small. Eaten Oct. 20, and if kept, as it is 
said to keep, until midwinter, would prob¬ 
ably be very good to best.—[To be con¬ 
tinued. 
sold for $1,200 per acre for building pur¬ 
poses. I consider it more profitable to plant 
grapes than to sell. 
Brooks — In the future, the apple will 
pay better than the grape, because the latter 
can be more widely grown than the apple, 
and will never enter too largely into the food 
of the people. Advocated mulching as a 
means of cultivating the apple. 
IIoao thought the market could not be 
overstocked with grapes. Adverted to the 
culture in France. 
Elliott —There are over 2,000,000 acres 
planted to grapes in this country. [We 
think Mr. E. must be in error here. Wc 
should like to see bis local estimates which 
he figures to make the above amount.— Ed. 
Rural.] 
Pres’t Barry — The apple is the standard 
fruit, and ran lie grown over a larger area 
than the grape or probably any other fruit. 
The regions where prime grapes can be 
grown and the culture made profitable are 
very limited. We must determine which 
will be the most profitable fruit to plant 
from circumstances of /oration, climate, soil, 
&e. In suitable localities with the right 
culture, pears yield larger profits than other 
fruits. One chief cause of failure in fruit¬ 
growing is the lack of sufficient care and 
labor. 
arbener 
HOT - BEDS; 
Const ruction nutl MamiorcmcnL 
WESTERN N. Y. HORT. SOCIETY. 
Discussion on Frit Its fit tlie Winter lUeet- 
Inic nt Rochester, January 19. 
[Concluded from pane 124. last No.] 
WTIICII IB TIIE BEST EARLY PEACn FOR 
WESTERN NEW YORK ? 
Lay —Mentioned Troth’s Early Red. 
Townsend — Hale’s Early rots rather 
badly both here, and in New Jersey, and 
Delaware. 
Babcock — I have fruited Ilale’s Early for 
some years, and occasionally it is almost a 
cling-stone. It rots. Do not deem it a 
profitable variety. 
Pros’!. Barry —Ilale’s Early lias a good 
general reputation. It- bears well with us, 
and I have not seen much rot. The West¬ 
ern growers suffer some from rot, hut arc 
not willing to give up this variety. 
Sylvester —Pick off part of the crop and 
the rot won’t trouble. 
Townsend— Thinning makes no differ¬ 
ence with the rot. 
Elliott had tried thinning and picking 
ofl bad fruit, and it did not prevent the rot. 
Had seen boiling water applied to the roots 
of peach trees and good crops follow. 
Other members made statements to the 
same effect 
BEST NEW BERRIES. 
Elliott inquired about the Charles 
Downing Strawberry. 
Moore—'T he fruit stems are too long, and 
the fruit drops on the ground. It is not 
over-productive; soil, clay loam. 
Murrell— We were much disappointed 
with the Dr. Nieaise. 
Pres’ L Barry— Last season was extremely 
favorable for foreign varieties. Had an un¬ 
favorable opinion of the Nieaise. 
Bronson had seen it in Mr. Purdy’s 
grounds at Palmyra, and it was there consid¬ 
ered worthless. 
Messrs. Ellwanger, Tick and Clark 
named the Triompho de Gaud. 
Babcock named the Jucunda for market, 
cultivated in hills. 
Moore named Wilson’s Albany. 
RASPBERRIES. 
Craine named Brinckle’s Orange for the 
table. 
Babcock — The Franconia is the best 
shipper. 
Meruell —01 the red varieties the Phila¬ 
delphia is superior to the Clark in produc¬ 
tiveness. 
Clark —The yelknv or golden Black-cap 
is very vigorous, hardy ami prolific. 
Craine —The Thornless has proved a shy 
bearer with me. The Seneca is prolific. 
Hooker — 1 would not recommend the 
Philadelphia. It is not worth cultivating 
here, where it is easy to grow the best fla¬ 
vored varieties. The Hudson River Ant¬ 
werp is not yet excelled. Red varieties are 
better than Black-Caps; have a plantation 
of A i!twerps in bearing fifteen years, and the 
last crop was as good as the plants ever bore. 
Pres’t Barry —The red raspberries should 
be laid down in winter. It is but little 
trouble. 
Smith—T he old Red Antwerp is con¬ 
siderably larger than the Hudson River 
Antwerp, and better for family use, but not 
so good for market. 
PROFITS AND FAILURES OF FRUIT IN WEST¬ 
ERN NEW YORK. 
Sylvester — Success depends on the 
adaptability of the fruit to the soil and 
climate, and to some degree, on the prox¬ 
imity to market. We know from experience 
that apples arc profitable here. From Wayne 
county westward to Niagara river, the apple 
crop brought, this season $2,000,000, aside 
from the amount reserved for home eon- 
sumplion. The crop in Orleans and Niagara 
counties was very large, in Wayne not 
heavy. The speaker thought pear culture 
might be profitable if pushed with proper 
care and knowledge. 
Hoag —After twenty years experience in 
fruit-growing in Niagara, we have found 
nothing to compare with the grape in profit. 
Have cultivated acres of pears, but not with 
success. The past season the receipts from 
the pears would not reach over $75 per 
acre, t hough the trees were healthy. Grapes 
yielded $1,500 per acre more than apples or 
pears. The grape can be grown at three 
cents per pound and be as profitable as 
wheat sit two dollars per bushel. My Iona 
vineyard bore a fair crop the third year, and 
brought over $1,400 per acre. 
Craine —I can grow nothing that will 
produce sis much money as grapes. 
Smith —Nurserymen are often asked by 
owners of a few acres of high-priced land 
> whnt fruit is best to grow for profit.. It is 
questionable whether either pears or apples 
could be recommended. 
j Elliot —If fruit is cultivated flic land 
should be devoted exclusively to it. Small 
^ fruits may be grown among young apple 
L and pear trees. 
a Hoag— Land across tlie street from mine 
As the forcing pit, with its appliances of 
boiler and pipes, is not always available by 
those commercially or otherwise interested 
in the raising of early vegetables, I will en¬ 
deavor to lay before the readers of the Ru¬ 
ral a profitable method of constructing and 
managing hot-beds for such purposes, more 
especially as thousands arc now turning 
their attention to that object. 
The handiest sized sash for hot-bed pur¬ 
poses is the usual three by six feet sash, 
made out of one and a-half inch pine, with 
iron cross-bar let into the wood, thus giving 
greater strength and endurance to the sash, 
and support in the weakest part. The length 
of frame for the hot-bed may be made to suit 
individual requirements; but a good, work¬ 
able size is from three to four sashes in 
length, with the front board about fifteen 
inches in height, and the back or rear about 
twenty-one inches, thus giving the necessary 
slope to shed rain and enough angle to re¬ 
ceive benefit from the sun’s rays. 
In order to prevent the cold, outside air 
from interfering with inside details, the sashes 
ought to ho made as close fitting as is con¬ 
sistent with working, and the sides of the 
frame made flush with flic upper part of the 
sash. Thocommonly used six-by-eight inch 
glass is a very handy size, and should be by 
all means puttied inside; for when sashes 
are glazed on the outside the least crack in 
flic, putty forms a deposit for damp, and 
consequently premature decay of the sash 
bars ensues. 
An excavation ought now to be made in 
some suitable spot, well sheltered from the 
northwest winds, (if not naturally, then arti¬ 
ficially,) two feet deep, length and breadth 
according to the size determined for your 
hot-bed, and the extent of the establishment 
to be benefited by it. 
The proper preparation of material for 
heating, also requires considerable attention, 
as much of ultimate success depends on how 
this is handled. Good, fresh horse manure, 
with one-third leaves added, (when they can 
be conveniently had, ns they greatly assist 
in giving steadiness to the naturally violent 
beat of the manure,) is the best for Ibis pur¬ 
pose. The beating material ought to be 
firmly packed to the depth of three I'eet; as 
the firmer it is packed the more lasting and 
steady will be the heat. The frame and 
sashes should now he placed on the bed, and 
a good, rich compost of loam and well rotted 
manure filled in to the depth of eight inches, 
and evenly distributed over the surface. 
Before any seeds are sown the temperature 
of the bed ought to be tested to the depth 
of two feet, by means of the bottom beat 
thermometer, or, where that is not available, 
any one accustomed to hot-beds can give a 
pretty accurate guess by thrusting a stick 
down to Ihe same depth, letting ii remain 
for half an hour or so, and on withdrawal 
testing it by the band. This is somewhat 
old-1'uKliioned, Imt the most expedient of 
any. Vegetation is not safe till the ther¬ 
mometer tails to 85°, as it will most proba¬ 
bly do in a few (lays after making up. 
Should the beat decrease after awhile, 
linings can be added, and a uniform tem¬ 
poral! ire main)ainoth 
Hot-beds can be used both for forwarding 
lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, etc., trans¬ 
planted from the cold frame, and also for 
raising, from seed, such tender vegetables as 
tomatoes, egg-plants, peppers, celery, Lima 
beans, sweet potatoes, etc.; also profitably 
for forward lug melons, cucumbers, stveet 
herbs, and SO on. Where seed is sown, a 
mixture of leaf mold and sand had better 
be used for top-dressing, as ibis gives the 
tender seedling a better chance than where 
it lias rougher material to cope with. Water¬ 
ing must be carefully done with a fine rosed 
pot, ns a heavy stream of water will do 
great and irremediable damage to planls 
just rooting. Giving air always requires 
close attention during spring and early sum¬ 
mer. A little neglect of this essential will 
spoil a whole season’s crop, and be a serious 
loss to the grower. The great matter is to 
give it in the proper quantity at the proper 
time. The knack of this can only be ac¬ 
quired by practice and observation, but the 
night temperature, ns a rule, should not he 
below 00°, nor the day temperature above 
80°, and great care must be taken to prevent 
cold currents of air from blowing in on the 
plants inside, even though die day be clear 
and bright. As March ami April are pro¬ 
verbial for changeable weather, constant 
Vigilance will alone guard against accidents. 
Another essentia) is the night covering, 
while cold weather lasts. As prevention, in 
all cases, is better than cure, covering tip 
ought to be persevered in up to the begin¬ 
ning of May, and in some sections of the 
country even later. Balt bay, where pro¬ 
curable, is very effective; light pine shutters 
still better, ami make less litter about a 
place; straw mats made on frames of a suit¬ 
able size, are the best of all. If properly 
made and taken care of, they will last tor a 
number of yearn. 
As this country is large, and the Rural 
New-Yorker reaches to Us furthest limits, 
cultural directions must be modified to suit 
locality, it is scarcely necessary to remind 
those who earn their daily bread by growing 
vegetables of this, but amateurs might over¬ 
look it. David I oulis. 
New York, February, 1870. 
FLAVOR OF CALIFORNIA FRUITS. 
Josiati IIoopes, in his laic annual address 
before the Penn. Fruit Growers’ Society, 
said of bis observations in California:—“I 
may say in regard to the larger fruits, such 
as the apple, pear, peach. Are,, that their re¬ 
markable size and beauty appeared very 
little short of a miracle; indeed, I was total¬ 
ly unable to detect old standard varieties, 
time and again. Their enormous size and 
perfect shape, together with that peculiar 
waxen appearance, proverbial to all Califor¬ 
nia fruits, was a continual picture, and will 
not soon be forgotten. But beautiful and 
large as all these vegetable productions are, 
there is lacking that delicious flavor, the 
agreeable aroma, anil the richness of our less 
perfect, but better fruits. We search In vain 
for these requisites beyond the Rocky Moun¬ 
tains, and I very much doubt if they have 
the more preferable acquisitions, or that we 
would exchange our quality for their ap¬ 
pearance.” 
FRUITS RECEIVED 
BY F. R. ELLIOTT. 
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES, 
Apple* for tlie North mid NtirlInvest. 
1 have received many samples of fruits 
from the West and Northwest, some of them 
truly valuable, as well as new, others only of 
value in the opinion of their promulgators, 
or possibly valuable for a limited locality ; 
and some so far exceeding in size and beauty 
the same variety when grown in Eastern 
soils and climates, that perhaps the notes, 
drawings and descriptions which 1 have 
made, and here present, may be of interest. 
Pride of tite Prairie Apple. 
smooth, of a greenish yellow, with a faint 
blush in sun; stem slender, in an acute, 
open, but not deep, cavity; calyx large, 
with short consecutive segments, set, in the 
wood: John Wmin, Richland; Wm. Ogden, 
Sylvan: Joseph Moody, Wcstl'cnl; W. A. Hatch, 
willow. 
Strawberry Plain*, Trim., Farmers’ Flu I*.—The 
Corresponding Secretary Informs ns of tho 6r- 
sratiSsutlion of this Club, with the following 
clause In its constitution:—^“Tho object of this 
organization shall he the tteneml exchange ami 
comparison of Ideas and experience relutliur to 
agriculture, the Improvement of stock of all 
kinds, and the advancement of agriculture us it 
science." The officers elect, arc: Pie*. - A. E. 
Mukk. Vice-Pirn-— I. M. Luttrall. Sec. and 
Treat.— A. M. Kennedy, (.'or. See .—John M. 
Meek. 
I»i-trie( Ag. Convention, Ohio.—This Conven¬ 
tion for the comities of Franklin, Licking, Mad¬ 
ison, Clarke, Miami, Erie, Union, Clinton. Mont¬ 
gomery, Wiu-ren and Champaign mot on theSili 
Inst, at Urhutm, Ohio, and elected the following 
officers for the current year: I‘ret i.—W m, B. 
MoCMJNG. Vlcc-Prcs. James Fullerton. Sea.— 
A. D. Battles. Ear. <v«n.—Goo. S. tunes, M. M. 
Munson, L. B. Sprugtie, Daniel McMillan and 
D, Blouse. 
Vernon, V, V., Ar. Boo. elected tho following 
officers for Ihe ensuing year: Pres,-E verett 
Cask. Vice-Pros. - Morris Cushman, See. and 
Treats. —L. A. Griswold. Ex. ('uni. it.McIntosh, 
Ex-President; Barms Davis, Harlem Norton, 
R. W. Roberts, C. C. Phelps, J. it. Cushman, 
George Gary, Jay l’ettibone, S. J. Clark, Ainos 
Pnnlcnurst. 
Kennebec Co., >le„ Aft. Bne.— Officers for 187(1: 
Pres.— Daniel H. Thing, Mt, Vernon. Viw.-Pre s. 
— Francis Fuller. Winthrop; Goo. Underwood. 
Fayette; H. O. Nickerson. Uearlftrld. See. Geo. 
A.‘Russell, Ueadticld. Trent.- B. T. Richards. 
Roadflold. Collector—Gilman Hawes, liendtield. 
Trustees- 3. Kflbrelh, Manchester; 8. G. Fogs, 
Reudlleld; F. A. Chase, Fayette. 
Sungerfleld and Marshall, V Y.. Ag. Sue.—Offi¬ 
cers for 1870: Pros,— Morris Terry, Walerville. 
Vicc-Pres.— II. B. Titus, Marshall. See.- H. M. 
Rouse, Marshall. Tie as. -J. L. Biased, Wntov- 
ville. Directin'* -O. B. Grid ley. Joseph West, 
W. W, mack man, Thomas Hills, M. D. Lapham, 
Chits. A. Jewett. Fourteenth Annual Fair the 
last week in September 1870. 
Caledonia Co„ Vr„ Ag. t-or.—Officers for the 
year: Pres.— Haki.kv M. Hall. Yue-Prc*'ts— 
C. A. Sylvester, Barnet; C. Morrell, St. Johns- 
bury. Sec’*.—I. W. Sanborn, Lyndon ; E. May, 
St Johnabury; C E. Parks, Waterford; A. IF 
Walker, Burke; C. J. B. Harris, Danville. Treat. 
—c. M. Stone, St. Johnabury. 
Inghnni Co., Midi., Ag. Soe,—Officers for cur¬ 
rent year: Pres,- L, H. Ives. Vtee-Prcs'ts- A. 
F. Wood, Wm. Cook, Win. Blakely. Sec,— G. \V. 
Bristol. TYrOS,—D. C. Smith. Directors—,!. A. 
Barnes, A. J. Holierv, John Cradduek, H, Ham¬ 
mond, Win. Somerville, James liirncy. 
Addison Co., Vt„ Ag. Soe.— Officers for 1870: 
Pm.—E. S. StGWELL, Cornwall. Viee-Pnd'lS— 
A.C. Harris,Bhoreham; N. J. Allen, Fertisburgh. 
Treats.—N. P. Barker, Middleburg. Sec.— Albert. 
Chapman, Middlclmrg. A manager for each 
town in the county. 
Cciprnl Mii'h. Ag.Soc.—Officers for 1870: Press. 
—N. A, Hart, Lansing, See. - N. U. Jones, 
Lansing. Treat.— F. M. Cowles. Lansing. Ex. 
Com—Manly Milos, C. M. Derbyshire. John Rus¬ 
sell, Frances Mop roc and M. L. Stewart. 
Delhi, IV. V., Ag. and Mi.oh. Koe.—Officers for 
1870; Per*.- Jkssi Palm tut. ITcc-Pres — Gul¬ 
den Paine, Sec— Norwood Bow no. Treat. 4 . 
M. Paine. 
Oznrli, Mo., Stock Grower* nnd Trainers' \**'o. 
-Officers for 1870: Ptv.v.-Col. Wm. Ten EVOKE, 
Sec—Thomas Juntos. Treat- II. B. Smith. Afar. 
shall— H. Moley; also ten Directors. 
Swansea, Muss., Farmers’ Club.—Officers for 
1870: Pres .—Stern Brown. V. Pm’L—Ezra P. 
Short. Sec.-N. B. Gardner. Tims, and lAh.- J. 
E. Rasta brook. 
Fairvlew, Mo.,Farmers' Club.—Officers for 1 lie 
year: Pres. - T. It. E. H a mvkv. I 'tcc-Pres.— P. 
A. Brown. Sec,— it. L. Brown. Cor. Sec. —J. C. 
WiLhers. Treats-L. H. Tucker. 
No. Wrenthain, Mass., Farmers’ Club.—Offi¬ 
cers for 1870: Pres.— S. E, Falks. V. Pres'ts .— 
L. C. Keith, E. W. Maun. Itec, Sec— E. 11. Hos- 
mer. Cor. Sec, —D. Sharp. Treat—L. Blake. 
Gownndn, TV. Y„ As. Sor. -Officers for 1870: 
Pras.— S. 8. .Tenks. See.— C. W. Blackney. Treats. 
Priiik of Tut; prairie Apple—outline. 
truncated encl with many but slight fur¬ 
rows; flesh white, juicy, very mild sub-acid, 
tender, pleasant, not rich; good to very 
good; core small, almost inconspicuous; 
seeds few. 
Honey Sweet. 
This also a seedling from the Pride of 
Minneapolis, and lias little to commend it 
for cultivation. It is small as compared 
with many other sweet crabs—Brier Sweet, 
for instance. We do not think it worth in¬ 
troducing, but there maybe some qualities 
possessed by it suited lo tlie locality of its 
origin that may make it there valuable. The 
fruit is small, round, pale yellow, with a 
blush red cheek in sun; flesh yellowish, 
pleasant, sweet; core large and seeds abund¬ 
ant. There Is another Honey Sweet, and a 
Stewart Sweet, that, like the above, are com¬ 
paratively unworthy of culture. 
Tltc Coral itud TrnjiKceiident. 
From C. Andrews, of Marengo, Ill., I 
have samples ofltis Coral, and of the Trans¬ 
cendent, with a request to cook and com¬ 
pare. Tlie Coral is of about the same size 
as the Transcendent, equally beautiful in ap¬ 
pearance, and when we cut into the Coral 
it was sound and good, while every Tran¬ 
scendent sent, although fine in appearance, 
was so decayed, inwardly, that our trial of 
cooking had to he postponed. Next time 
we hope he will send early enough in the 
season for the Transcendent to keep its 
character—say, as soon as first, of Septem¬ 
ber. 
Some Marengos, among a number scut, 
were knotty and uneven, the cause of which 
Air. Andrews desires explained, 
The Hvslop came with request to test it 
with Coral and Transcendent—a thing we 
had done and say as we have before, it is 
lKilter Ilian Transcendent, but not so good 
as Coral. Specimens of 
PeWbr’s No. 1 2, & 3, 
when examined, produce notes as follows: 
No. 1, about size of Coral, and when cut into 
the flesh all gone, showing it, like Tran¬ 
scendent, an early Autumn variety. No, 2, 
small, hut with a crisp, rich, spicy, sweet, 
sub-acid,yellowish flesh, just in eating wlietl 
received and ranking, as for pomological 
rules, as best. Had it a name it should be 
figured and described; but until a name is 
appended by which 10 hold the originator, 
we do not believe in giving much of public¬ 
ity in llie way of description. No. 3, quite 
small, and with a dry, spongy, acid flesh all 
unworthy farther notice. ■ ! 
Winter Gent 
This is one ot Mr. O Andrews’ introduc¬ 
tions, js small in size, lpundjsh, oblate, clear 
Pride of Minneapolis Apple. 
In one of the letters received accompany¬ 
ing fruits the writer says:—“ Some growers 
and dealers have become strangely possessed 
with lJic idea' that none but ntUim of their 
own Slide soil, no matter to what hardy 
species they may belong, will prove aft hardy 
in their climate. Hence they cling to seed¬ 
lings that have borne fruit from seeds planted 
in their own locality, no matter how worth¬ 
less, in the mistaken idea that they alone 
will prove hardy. What do you think of 
Ibis?” 
In reply, I say it is always wise for a 
planter to plant such varieties as be knows 
t.o lie hardy in Ills locality; yet if a variety 
is of the same parentage or natural origin of 
the known hardy local sort, and is superior 
in ils fruit — if it has been tested in a lati¬ 
tude and location equally exposed—there is 
no good ground for refusing to plant it, and 
the man of thought and good common 
sense will do so. 
From James Wyman Elliott, Minneapo¬ 
lis, Minn., I have received samples of three 
distinct seedling crabs, as follows: 
Pride of Minneapolis : ot*. Elliott's No. 1. 
originated in 1855, lias fruited eight years, 
Pride of Minneapolis Apple—Outline. 
and Ibis year bore eight bushels of fruit. 
Tree, standing on an open sandy prairie soil, 
(’hit). — Officers for 
p. Vice-Pres.—C. D. 
