School and churches are plenty and good, 
and the population rapidly increasing. A 
large proportion of the land of the county is 
owned by non-residents, and can be obtained 
at a Cheap rate and on reasonable terms. 
From Tom’n River, New Jersey. 
J. "VV. L. writes that Prof. Cook, State 
Geologist, estimates that there are in the 
southern counties of New Jersey two mil¬ 
lions of acres of unimproved land, the greater 
portion of which may be made productive. 
Large tracts of this land are the heaviest 
kinds of clay soils; others where the sur¬ 
face soil for three inches is sand and beneath 
it a clay loam subsoil. These lands are as 
productive as any portion of the State, and 
less labor is required in their cultivation. 
The cranberry lands me of great value. 
These lands are. within fifty miles of the best 
markets in the Union, and accessible thereto 
by railroads. The soil is fertile, the climate 
mild and healthy, the water soft, and pure, 
with plenty of good water power; delicious 
fish and oysters plenty, and there is no 
need that smart, energetic, enterprising men 
should go either West or South to invest 
their money and make their fortune, for 
there is a far better prospect for doing it here. 
apostle, sent to the genus Sus with a new 
revelation of powers and possibilities. He 
taught the gospel of progress, and showed 
the way to pigs and men that leads forever 
upwards. We should direct our efforts to 
secure for our domestic animals a better 
physical and mental, training, and a higher 
and ever ascending intellectual development. 
Why did a negro bring more than a horse in 
the good. old times ? Because a majority of 
the purchasers thought be knew more than 
a horse. 
Force, combined with intelligence, is our 
great need. Nature’s forces are unlimited; 
to direct them is the labor and the diffi¬ 
culty. If we can make our brute coadjutors 
more intelligent, we enlarge their sphere and 
lessen our own labors. The little that lias 
been done for them in the way of discipline 
encourages us to do more. Remarkable in¬ 
stances of animal sagacity are not uncom¬ 
mon, It is strange that they have not en¬ 
couraged us to strenuous and systematic 
efforts to narrow the distance between them 
and us. An they mate up, however , we shall 
move on. Relieved by our brute friends from 
any labors and cares, we shall push our con¬ 
quests into other and higher fields. Progress 
is law. 
Each successive generation of men and 
beasts may and should, iu all respects, be 
stronger, healthier, wiser and more efficient 
for good than the generation that begot 
them. The Creator adopted some tempo¬ 
rary expedients. Some things go out, to be 
replaced by better. But there is reason to 
nure, as that will benefit the present crop 
but little ; but by manuring a prev ious crop, 
or with a fine top-dressing, potatoes or corn 
planted on a manured sod, and well tilled, 
are good crops to precede barley. It may 
be sown with success on a young clover sod, 
but a tough sward of grass will not do. 
Earliness in sowing is a great requisite to 
success, and on this account the plowing 
ought to be done in the fall, and the ground 
mellowed in the spring with a cultivator. 
One inch is sufficient depth to cover the 
seed, and more harm is done by too deep 
covering than too shallow. After the grain 
is up two or three inches, roll and sow plas¬ 
ter. Perin Tone. 
fortunately, can he made from one end of our 
territory to the other, either from the canc or 
beet; and the value of this article of com¬ 
merce is annually increasing—the importa¬ 
tions for the year ending June 80, 1869, 
reaching $72,398,320, gold value. The cul¬ 
tivation of beet sugar is in no way exhausting, 
but on the contrary beneficial in a rotation, 
and valuable as an aid of other industries. 
Prominent among the substances which 
umy be grown, and made to constitute a new 
product of industry, are the various dye¬ 
stuffs which yield either coloring matters or 
tannin. Such are the sumach trees and 
madder plants, the present imports of which 
arc at a very high figure, as may be seen by 
a reference to the tables and the statement 
already made. The climate of many of the 
Southern and all of the Middle States is well 
adapted for the growth of these plants, and 
they should be introduced at once Into our 
ordinary list of crops. 
In addition to hemp and jute, already 
mentioned, and of as great importance, as 
this growth will he easy and profitable, there 
are many species of the nettle and allied 
tribes, which have fibers remarkably strong 
and fine, and the growth of which may bo 
well suited to certain sections. The “ China 
grass," or Ramie, which has been grown to 
some extent in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, 
Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and 
Florida, is an example of the ease with 
which cultivation may be extended. In 
similar climates some varieties of the Agave, 
as the Sisal hemp, &c., may be attempted. 
The Okra, as a paper material, might also be 
more extensively grown, as well as the 
Esparto grass, which now occupies a lead¬ 
ing position in Europe, as a material for the 
manufacture of paper. 
Among the oil-bearing plants, the Elais 
guinensis, or palm-oil tree, may be attempted 
in Florida, and in the coast regions of Texas; 
and the culture of the castor oil bean, Patina 
ehristi , should be extended; while in the 
Northern and Middle States might be profit¬ 
ably raised those annuals, mostly umbelli¬ 
ferous and composite, which contain oil in 
their seeds or flowers, as the caraway, anise 
lavender. Ac. The value of imported oils of 
this class is above $314,000. 
The list of substances herein recommended 
for growth and experiment by no means 
includes all the plants Which mny he grown, 
but only the more important numbers. The 
number might be increased, but as the ex¬ 
tension of the list might not add materially 
to the force of the facts sot forth, 1 hesitate 
to add more, believing that I have shown 
how desirable it Is to increase the variety of 
our agricultural productions, and how this 
department may labor effectively in this 
direction. Tlic list of articles now imported 
annually, which should be produced in this 
country, (some of which are already grown 
here to a limited extent, while otlrers have 
not yet been introduced, though both soil and 
climate of some portions of pur country are 
well suited to their growth,) represent a gold 
value of at least $175,000,000 ; and a few of 
these introduced in the fiscal year ending 
June80th, 1869, are presented as follows: 
Sugar, (including molasses and candies,) 
$72,398,320; coffee, $21,686,818; tea, $13,- 
690,326 ; jute, hemp, tlax, and similar fibers, 
$23,211,590; raw or reeled silk, $8,312,788; 
rice, $1326,326; fruits, $7,955,658; madder, 
$3,553,258; opium, $1,088,872. 
The imports of New York City alone, 
during ihe year 1869, as reported by the 
Journal of Commerce, make a suggestive 
showing, both as to value and variety of 
these products, of plnuts suited to our soil 
and climate, from which list the following 
table is prepared: 
Mr. Root.— Circustances dictate, in a meas¬ 
ure, our fencing material. I have a stony 
farm, and mostly stone fences. I could not 
remove road fences except at great expense. 
I have upward of eight miles of stone walls, 
that are three feet broad at the base and five 
feet high. As we build now, our walls will 
stand a long time. We remove the surface 
soil and lay the foundation with large stone ; 
lay by a line and model, and put in three or 
four courses of sticks. We build the wall to 
the desired height of the fence, as experience 
lias shown that half walls, with posts and 
boards for the top, will not last as long. 
Mr. Quimby would not bank with earth, 
as the unequal freezing and thawing tended 
to throw them down, and it also made a har¬ 
boring place for vermin. 
A resolution was unanimously adopted to 
the effect that the best interests of the fann¬ 
ers require strict enforcement of the law re¬ 
straining cattle from running at large in the 
highway. 
FENCES AND FENCING, 
APPLYING HEN MANURE, 
Will you please inform me through the 
Rural the best mode of applying lien and 
goose manure to the soil in preparation for 
corn ?—D. J. D., Past Tennessee. 
In the last volume of the Rural we gave 
the experience and practice of at least a 
score of correspondents with hen manure. 
We have on file communications from per¬ 
haps as many more. For the benefit of the 
above inquirer we extract the following: 
Perry C. Carkuthers, Talmadgc, Ohio, 
foils liow he applies lien manure to corn. 
Says it should not be applied alone in the 
hill, but should lie mixed with other fer¬ 
tilizers of less strength. Pure hen manure 
is too strong. He composted it with the 
scrapings of the ham-yard—using one part 
lien manure and three parts scrapings; he 
also poured a few pails full of beef brine, lie 
happened to have, upon it. A good handful 
of this mixture was put in each hill, the 
corn dropped upon it and covered. It 
doubled the crop as compared with com in 
the same field not so manured. 
“A Reader of the Rural” at Urbana, 
N. Y,, mixed hen manure, plaster and ashes 
—an equal quantity of each—and applied to 
corn as follows:—“First drop the corn then 
bop on the mixture; after the corn comes 
p top-dress with plaster, and the corn was 
ifrI 'm better to pay the trouble and ex- 
; tense.” 
S. W has used hen manure, for twenty 
ar , nt;i only in the production of corn, 
ut of melons, cucumbers, cabbage, sweet 
turnips, tomatoes, Ac. He draws manwre 
om the ham-yard one year before using, 
nd piles it up to decompose. About two 
v.ticks before the time to plant lie takes 
hirty-two bushels of it to his barn floor and 
spreads it, and sixteen bushels of hen ma¬ 
nure is spread on top of it; to this is added 
barrel of ashes, and on top of thewbole 
irrel of plaster. The whole is thoroughly 
mixed and pulverized, and a small single 
it idful of the compost is put in a hill and 
tl corn planted on it. He says “ it has 
e wonders” for him. 
M. II., Athens, Pa., collects four or 
days before planting corn, what hen 
ire he has, say ten bushels; wliat ashes 
m muster, say fifteen or twenty bushels; 
one barrel of lime and three or four bushels 
of plaster, which lie mixes together in a dry 
place and works over as often as once a day, 
with a hoe, until the time of planting arrives. 
He prefers unlcachod ashes, if lie has them, 
but uses both leached and unleached. Of 
this compost he drops a large tablespoonful 
oil each bill, covering it slighlly with soil 
to prevent the corn from coming in contact 
with it, and plants. He says if the corn is 
planted in the compost it will kill the germ 
of the seed. He finds it does him signal 
service in corn production, the corn not only 
producing more, but ripening earlier; and 
he never has been troubled with the wire or 
cut-worm when lie has used this compost. 
arm ^rono ntji 
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, 
BY HUGH T. BROOKS. 
Darwin, and other philosophers believe in 
progress —small at first and larger when there 
is time to grow. The world as we see it to¬ 
day, with all its variety and beauty, they are 
sure, was once a tough place for even lizards 
and dragons to dwell in. Some go to the 
length of supposing that man himself was 
very much of a monkey on the start, and 
others uncharitably point, to fops, fools and 
Feejees for evidence that he lias held his 
own pretty well. Whatever there is in all 
tiiis, it is certain that in the animal and 
vegetable kingdom time and circumstances 
work marvelous changes “ for better or for 
worse." 
Some departments of nature have by slow 
processes arrived at marvelous excellence, 
while others fatally deteriorate. There is no 
lesson which agriculturists more need to 
learn, and heed, than this: every product of 
our fields, every domestic animal, brought 
under the most favorable influences, constant¬ 
ly improves, making a nearer and nearer ap¬ 
proach lo perfection. Excelsior should be 
emblazoned on all things — the universal 
motto! No standard has been reached that 
cannot be surpassed. Your golden grain 
that Waves its drooping head in the eveniug 
breeze, a picture of beauty unexcelled, may 
fill your measures beyond all the records of 
llic present or the past. Try again, some¬ 
thing may he added to the soil, something 
altered mid improved in its culture that will 
give a stronger stalk, a plumper, sweeter, 
more nutritious berry. 
Your apples, peaches, pears and smaller 
fruits nay have eclipsed all rivals at the 
great exhibition and satisfied your highest 
anticipations. Don't rest the case there. 
Spread ashes, plaster, lime, leaves and com¬ 
post over the surface, and bury tile below; 
take, away feeble or crowded branches; w hen 
the vertical sun lias warmed 1 lie soil, shield 
it with leaves or coarse litter from the parch¬ 
ing heat so that drouth may not dwarf your 
fruit and cause it to fall prematurely; with a 
spade-fork keep the soil loose and clean; 
fight insect enemies without observing the 
courtesies of modern 
FARM MISCELLANY.—IY. 
sixty to seventy. The heaviest yield of 
ley, from a field of a dozen acres, that 1 
heard of, was forty-nine bushels ] v r, 
(two-rowed;) the heaviest, yield of 
eiglity-three bushels per acre (the coni a 
black variety.) 
The two-rowed is grown most largely be¬ 
cause it ripens later than the four or six 
rowed, and therefore is generally heavier. It 
usually sells as well, but this year is an ex¬ 
ception, the price being considerably lower. 
But quality governs the price entirely, the 
range being now from sixty to ninety cents. 
While the season was so cool and wet that 
a heavy growth of straw and large yield of 
grain resulted, the quality of the berry was 
much deteriorated. Most of it was stained 
some, before it was cut, then it was wet 
before it could be secured, and a great deal 
was stacked or mowed in a very damp con¬ 
dition, and injured some before threshing. 
Even after this many farmers were surprised 
to find their grain heaps heating up and 
moulding. 
Another fault the dealers find with barley 
this year is the mixture of oats with it. Farm¬ 
ers are not particular enough to get tlieir 
seed pure. It is, indeed, a puzzling job to 
entirely separate the oats from the barlej'. 
There is no machine that will do it. Brin¬ 
ing will to a great extent, though some of 
the heaviest, oats will then stick to the bar¬ 
ley. Perhaps the best way is to place a 
quantity of barley at, one end of a long barn 
floor, open the doors so the air will draw 
through, and then cast 1 lie barley against the 
wind to the other end of the floor. The 
grain which falls farthest away will be the 
best and purest seed. ' 
(Quei'y .—Why will oats mix in with bar¬ 
ley, and barley not with oats?) 
Deep plowing is not required for barley. 
The fine, matted roots spread out through 
the surface soil, searching for food and 
moisture, and rendering it light and porous, 
and scarcely penetrate six inches in depth. 
The fertility of the subsoil is of no account 
to barley—that of the surface soil everything. 
It should not be made rich with fresh rna- 
rrortucts, 
Values 
Oil. 
Oil and flowers. 
Gum. 
Bergamot........ 
Lavender. 
Opium. 
Morphia. 
Rhubarb. 
•Annotto.......... 
Anise. 
Mustard .. 
Colooymh_ 
Bueh ii.... 
Camomile. 
Hemp. 
Castor-bean. 
Cardamon........ 
Chlecory-- 
Madder. ..... ... 
Madder... 
Madder... 
Sumac. 
Persian berries.. 
Thyme. 
Peppermint...... 
Caraway. 
Marjoram. 
Aloe. 
fer:;:; 
Esparto grass.... 
A snfeetida. 
Indigo.. 
Lemon.. 
Safflower. 
Linseed.. 
8 live. 
rape. 
Jute. 
Jute butts.. 
Jute cuttings.... 
Logwood. 
Turmeric. 
Ten. 
Pimento. 
Coffee. 
A Imond. 
Cltronella. 
Sarsaparilla. 
Senna.. 
Croton... 
Palm. 
Sngar. 
Molasses. 
Bark. Pcrurlun.. 
Quinine und quim 
adlno. 
Lemon.. 
Tobacco. 
Onions. 
Honey. 
Ginger. 
Raisins... 
Oranges. 
Prunes. 
Currants. 
Bananas. 
Citron. 
Pigs. 
Nuts... 
Wool. 
111,852 
968,1164 
1,863 
56.820 
61.215 
24,64!) 
58.140 
4.2H 
1.318 
9,578 
2,604.007 
49,823 
21,012 
122,138 
2,541,778 
3.214 
480,613 
329,972 
8,675 
8,763 
5.481 
2,981 
8.28S 
Root 
warfare. (onfonn to 
all the laws of growth and development; dis¬ 
ease will disappear; your flowering beauties 
that made the air of spring so fragrant will 
in summer and autumn more than fill their 
vernal promise. Richer flavors, more satis¬ 
fying and health-giving than pomological 
enthusiasts have dared to hope for, will 
crow'n the dilligence, the science and the 
skill that shall be expended in the garden 
and the orchard, that so well represent, when 
duly cared for, the paradise of the past and 
the paradise of the future. 
Domestic animals, related to vs as fdloio- 
m embers of the great family of life and intel¬ 
ligence , are susceptible of discipline and de¬ 
velopment to an extent scarcely dreamed of 
in either ancient or modern philosophy. 
Cool and calculating self-interest demands 
from us more than we have bestowed upon 
them. They had possession of the earth 
when we came, were created by the author 
of our being, who made us their special 
guardians. They willingly devote them¬ 
selves to our interests, but they have joys 
and sorrows, hopes and fears like ourselves, 
and as fellow-pilgrims and helpers in this 
journey of life, are entitled to a measure of 
regard and careful consideration w r hich they 
have by no means received. Wc ought, to 
know better than we do the full extent of 
their capacities and capabilities. Whoever 
unfolds these does mankind, and all the 
other kinds, good service. The trainer of 
the “learned jug” was a prophet and an 
Fruit. 
Leaves. 
Flowers. 
Filler. 
Oil it nd bean_ 
Seed .... 
Root. 
Root.. 
Extract.. 
Garanclne. 
Bark. 
Fiowerand fruit 
Oil. 
Oil. 
IMPORTED ARTICLES. 
What the United States should Produce. 
In answer to a Congressional resolution of 
inquiry as to the “ extent and value of the 
imports of foreign commodities susceptible 
of production within the limits ofthis country, 
as plants useful for dye-stuffs, medicines, food 
products, and for textile and fibrous material, 
and for other economic purposes," Commis¬ 
sioner Capron makes the following enume¬ 
ration : 
The jute plant, (Corchorus,) tea, coffee, and 
cinchona can be grown iu the United States. 
The cultivation of the latter should not be 
left, to private enterprise at first, but ought to 
be conducted in plantations b} r the govern¬ 
ment until a large number of healthy and 
acclimated plants arc obtained for distribu¬ 
tion. The value of these four plants, if pro¬ 
duced within our borders, is shown by the 
table to lie over forty millions of dollars. I 
do not say that we can at this moment super¬ 
sede by our own production foreign tea and 
coffee, but if we cannot, it is solely due to the 
costof labor, and not to climatic incapability. 
Sugar is one of those products which, 
Extract. 
Fiber.. 
Fiber.. 
Gum... 
Leaves. 
Qil. 
Flowers 
Oil. 
OH. 
Wines. 
Fiber.. 
Fiber . 
Fiber.. 
Wood.. 
Root... 
Leaves 
Berry.. 
Berry . 
Oil. 
Oil. 
Root... 
Leaves 
Oil. 
Oil. 
330; 10,962 
6.601! 1,061.819 
1,650 110,465 
125 11,175 
168 9.098 
42,611 37.679 
411,769 3,439.09 
10,077 239,270 
29.668 81.192 
5,085 21,583 
86, US 684,584 
4,105, 13,084 
638,368 12,574,103 
.I 83,255 
1,024,633' 14,067,280 
153 17.579 
433 19,477 
2,516 63,044 
6171 16,513 
81; 3,503 
1.229 84,725 
1,357,Oil) 35,232,757 
Fruit... 
Leaves 
190,046,151 
? A\ 
m f 
LA, 
