CD 
jJowoltrgiral. 
FRUITS RECEIVED. 
Apples for the North and Northwest. 
BY F. R. ELLIOTT. 
rContinncd from Psks 158.] 
J. C. Plumb’* No. 1» Sweet, 
is of full medium size, oblong conical, trun¬ 
cated, dull red or yellow ; stem long, set in a 
deep cavity somewhat russelted; calyx with 
broken, irregular segments; flesh soft, 
spongy, dry, sweet. 
J. C. Plumb’* No. 2, 
is medium size, roundish clear red, deepest 
on the sunny side; stem of only medium 
length, in a broad, acute, shallow cavity; 
calyx set in a shallow but furrowed basin ; 
flesh white, mild sub-acid, almost tasteless 
except the acid. 
P. A. Jewell of Lake City, Minnesota, 
sends 
Hutchinson's Winter Sweet, 
which agrees fully with our original descrip¬ 
tion, except that the cheek of red is some¬ 
what broken with stripes. 
Orn n ore. 
Fruit medium size, roundish oblong; skin 
deep golden or orange yellow, a little rough ; 
stem long, rather stout for a crab, set in a 
narrow, yet open', deep cavity; calyx large, 
closed, set upon the apex with very rough 
hold corrugations; flesh yellowish, a little 
coarse, breaking, mild, sub acid, pleasant, 
rich and very good; core medium or small; 
seen, light btfoivn; season October and No¬ 
vember. A fine, rich fruit of its season. 
This is apparently distinct from one of the 
same name before described—that “ orange” 
being “ round and slightly flattened at ends.” 
A IIKill 111'. 
Fruit below medium, oblate, with promi¬ 
nent angles or furrowed ridges; light clear 
yellow ground, mostly overspread with red, 
shaded in broken stripes; stem slender, me¬ 
dium length, set in a deep, broad, open 
cavity ; calyx closed, with long, pointed, re- 
flexed segments; flesh whitish, stained at 
edge with pink, crisp, sharp sub-acid; good ; 
core medium to large; seed, abundant; 
season, October and November. 
Conical. 
This is an exceedingly pretty fruit, with an 
outside skin of Garden Royal tone. In size 
it is medium, of very regular conical form , 
the ground color is rich yellow, mostly over¬ 
spread with deep, rich red, faintly marbled 
and mottled and irregularly dotted with 
light gray streaks or dots, and occasional 
traces of russet ; stem slender, irregular in 
length; cavity deep, open, unsettled; calyx 
closed, basin shallow, broad, slightly fur¬ 
rowed with a prominent ridge surrounding; 
flesh yellowish, rather dry and pasty, soft, 
mild, sub-acid, good; core small; season 
October. 
Eureka. 
This fruit was first called in'- Mr. Jewell 
the “Maiden’s Blush;” hut finding that an¬ 
other apple of the crab species had been 
figured and described under that name he 
has changed this to Eureka. The fruit is of 
medium size for one of the Siberian class, 
but it presents no characteristics to uK-utily 
it therewith. It is evidently a poor speci¬ 
men of native Pyrus mulus , the like of which 
may be found in any old seedling orchard of 
the West. Mr. Jewell deserves credit for 
his energy in introducing hardy apples to 
the fruit growers of the Northwest, but lie 
must lie cautious, or he may, like others in 
this world, find himself, at times, in error.— 
To be continued. 
- +++ - 
SEEDLING PEACHES. 
An Illinois horticulturist is offering seed¬ 
ling peach trees as promising more certain 
crops and more hardy than budded sorts, 
lie has carefully selected such kinds as have 
long been known by pomologists to repro¬ 
duce, in their seedlings, a near approach to 
the parent, but never, or rarely, exact; and 
in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred they 
prove inferior. The old Columbia or Indian 
Peacli of the South is one of his sorts, a va¬ 
riety known and grow n from seed by the 
negroes, poor whites, and shiftless class of 
fruit growers who, as a rule, were the only 
ones to propagate any fruit in our Southern 
Stales previous to the late war. The old 
Blood Peach, Lemon, Crawford, &c., are 
others of his sorts, any and all of which any¬ 
body can grow ns true to the parent as can 
this nurseryman, by simply planting pits 
taken from isolated trees of these sorts, i. e., 
trees standing and fruiting at least half a 
mile, or more, from any others of a different 
sort. 
The old Red Cheek Melocoton, from which 
sprang nearly all the best yellow fleshed va¬ 
rieties now grown—the Crawford, etc.—is 
perhaps more certain than any other to give 
seedlings of like character to the parent; it 
anything, its products are even more reliable 
for good size and quality than Columbia. 
As to the hardihood of seedlings over 
worked trees, that illusion seems to have 
been so well ventilated and destroyed, by 
discussions in horticultural meetings at the 
West during the past t wo yenr.s, that it is 
only to be wondered the man could be found 
ANGULAR APPLE. 
to now advocate it. The uncertainty of 
seedlings being even hardy, is matter of 
knowledge to every practical man who has 
ever grown a bed of seedlings and t ried to 
bring them to a bearing stage. Some kill 
the first winter, some the second, and some 
linger along three or four years, leaving at 
the lost joint about ten per cent.., or less, 
which prove to be permanent, hardy and 
fruitful trees. Of these, the best, if there 
are any best, are selected; and, after years 
of trial, if they continue to prove hardy, 
productive, and the fruit superior in differ¬ 
ent localities, come our budded sorts. And 
here comes the single point of hardiness of 
the budded kinds—the original tree of which 
was hardy—viz.: in the weakness or hardi¬ 
ness of a seedling stock on which it has been 
worked. Addi. 
--♦♦♦- 
PRESERVING APPLES 
Having for many years experimented in 
preserving apples, I this year placed them in 
an ordinary barn, where they early became 
frozen solid. My Rambos and Sweet apples 
tasted well, retaining their freshness and 
crispiness without rotting, scarcely, until 
Feb. 1. To-day (Feb. 19) I opened a barrel 
of Rhode Island Greenings, that were in 
Dee. frozen solid, then barreled and covered 
with heavy malting to keep the frost in. 
For two weeks we have had weather warm 
enough to take the frost out of the ground. 
On opening the apples the frost was entirely 
out, and the tipples us fresh and sound as 
when picked—not a dozen specked apples 
in the barrel, the apples remaining in the 
barn until opened. Geo. E. Pomeroy. 
Toledo, O. 
-- 
POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP. 
limy8 Janet, —Dr. B. F. Long, Alton, 
Ill., during a discussion o£ the right ortho¬ 
graphy of this name, stated that Dr. Ed¬ 
wards, of Missouri, had informed him that 
the apple originated with a gentleman by 
the name of Rawl, who had a daughter 
named Jannet, hence the name, Rawl’s 
Jannet. But the Alton Society, by vote, 
concluded to adopt Downing’s orthography 
of the name. 
California Fruits. —II. G. McPire, an Il¬ 
linois horticulturist, who visited California 
last season, saysApples, large and fair 
in flavor, not quite equal to ours. Pears, no 
better in flavor, but larger and higher color. 
The Tokay grape sells in market for thirty- 
five cents; Muscat and Black Hamburg, 
fifteen cents; Mission, eight cents. Found 
Mission grape selling in bulk for cents, 
for brandy. Their vineyards are laid off 
something like ours; they use no stakes; 
vines grown from stalk about a foot high, 
from which they are permitted to shoot off 
and hung to the ground. The vineyards 
have the appearannee of a blackberry patch; 
you wade among the vines in search of 
grapes; each cane of the Mission has from 
three to eight bunches. They have no rain 
from the time the grapes bloom until they 
are picked. At one place I saw Catawba 
and Isabella growing on trellis. I think 
they have the advantage of us in raising 
grapes, but none in pears. I could see no 
depredations of insects there, or at Salt Lake. 
I think they are not flattered with the pros¬ 
pect of fruit-growing for profit. I took some 
pears and some Catawba grapes along for 
comparison. Their pears arc no better. 
Their Catawba grapes may he a little 
sweeter; I think they are. They claimed 
in San Francisco that their early pears 
were better than the later ones.” 
Pearlies for Ohio.— James Reid, Napo¬ 
leon, 0., asks for a list of peaches, the varie¬ 
ties all to he of early maturity and valuable 
for market. We name as follows:—50 
Troth’s Early, 50 Yellow Rareripe, 25 
Haines’ Early Red, 25 Cole’s Early Red, 
25 Large Early York, 25 Early Newington 
Freestone. These are all good and tried 
kinds, and although Haines’ Early, Cole’s 
Early, and Large Early York are in fruit 
similar, orchardjjBts differ in their opinions 
as to productiveness, one claiming first place 
for Haines, another for Cole, &c. 
A Black Currant that mtt hold, on after ripe. 
—The London Gardener’s Chronicle notes 
a black currant under name of Lee’s Prolific, 
which it says, is “ larger than, and an im¬ 
provement on, the Black Naples, and pos¬ 
sesses the merit of hanging firmly on the 
bushes for a long time after being ripe. Has 
any one got it in this country ? 
Apples for Knox Co., Til .—The Galesburg 
Horticultural Society recently adopted the 
following list of varieties for an orchard of 
one hundred trees: 
Summer — 2 Keswick Codling, 2 Early 
Harvest, 2 Duchess of Oldenburg, 1 Sweet 
June, 2 Red Astrachan, 1 Red June, 2 Be- 
noni. Varieties, 7; trees, 12. 
Autumn—2 Fumeuse or Snow, 3 Maiden 
Blush, 1 Autumn Swaar, 2 Rambo, 1 Bailey’s 
Sweet, 2 Fall Pippin. Varieties,6; trees, 11. 
Winter—6 Jonathan, 5 Dominie, 4 Roman 
Stem, 3 Yellow Bellflower, 5 Fulton, 2 North¬ 
ern Spy, 5 Rawlu’s Janet, 3 English Golden 
Russett, 5 Talman Sweeting, 5 Willow Twig, 
3 Milam. 3 Ramsdell Sweet, 5 Ben Davis, 3 
Westfield Scek-no-Further, 3 Smith’s Cider, 
3 Prior's Red, 4 Wagoner, 3 Michael Henry 
Pippin, 3 Peck’s Pleasant, 4 Winter Swaar. 
Varieties, 20; trees, 77. 
Small Fruits for Knox Co ., III. —The fol¬ 
lowing lists were recently adopted and 
recommended by the Galesburg Horticul¬ 
tural Society: 
Strawberries—Shaker’s Seedling, Downer’s 
Prolific, Downing’s Seedling, French’s Seed¬ 
ling, Green Prolific, Russell's Prolific, Wil¬ 
son’s Albany, Lenig’s White, and for trial 
the “ President Wilder.” 
Currants—Red Dutch, White Dutch, 
Cherry and White Grape. 
Raspberries—Doolit tle’s Black-Cap, Miami 
Black-Cap, Purple Cane, Davison’s Thorn¬ 
less ; and Ellisdalc and Clarke for trial. 
Gooseberries—Houghton’s Seedling, Amer¬ 
ican or Mountain Seedling and Whitesmith 
English. 
Blackberries—Wilson’s Early, Kittatinny; 
and Missouri Mammoth for trial. 
Grapes—Delaware, Concord, Clinton, (for 
cooking and canning,) Rogers 4,15 and 19, 
conical apple. 
Iona, Diana, Creveling, Hartford Prolific, 
Ives’ Seedling and Salem; for trial, Walter, 
Martha, Eumelan and Israella. 
4 » » - — 
Tompkins Co. King and frpftzeiiki'rs Apple*.— 
Will some one having suoco«; In cultivating 
Spitzenberir and Tompkins Co. Kimr apples re¬ 
port through the Rural their relative market 
value and the soil best adapted to either variety ? 
-8. L B.. Flint, Mich., 1870. 
rib or inti tare. 
S0PH0RA JAP0NICA PENDULA. 
Sophora japonica , we notice, is to be found 
included in the fists of deciduous trees for 
sale by some of our nurserymen. But we 
know little concerning it beyond the fact 
that it Is highly commended in English ar¬ 
boriculture as a tree that withstands drouth 
admirably, no matter how dry the soil, and 
retains its verdure to the end of the season. 
The variety pendula, an illustrat ion of which 
we have copied from Robinson’s Parks, 
Promenades, and Gardens, is highly com¬ 
mended as “ one of the many deciduous 
trees of which the wintry aspect Is prefera¬ 
ble to that presented by smutty and half¬ 
dead evergreens,” which arc found in city 
lots and public grounds within the influ¬ 
ence of city coal smoke. 
In this connection it is proper to answer 
an inquiry as to what evergreens we recom¬ 
mend for city planting. We do not know 
any for thickly settled localities in a large 
city. Unless the lot is outside the influence 
of city coal smoke, and away from the dust 
of streets, we do not know an evergreen we 
could recommend. 
PRUNING THE PEACH. 
A. Z. Hall, Nashville, Tenn., asked Dr. 
Hall, Alton, Ill., to state the advantages to 
be derived from heading trees at what is 
called “ half boot leg high ” and contrast it 
with trees pruned to clean trunks high 
enough to admit of easy cultivation; also to 
state how trees should be primed when they 
are of bearing size. In response Dr Hall 
read a paper before the Alton Horticultural 
Society from which we extract what follows: 
Pcacli trees may he pruned at any time 
after the fall of the leaf and before growth 
begins in the spring. Large wounds, made 
by pruning, ought to be covered with paint. 
We will suppose our trees to be three 
years old, with clean, straight trunks, the 
lower-branches starting out horizontally from 
the main stem, and just high enough to 
admit.of a team passing under them, without 
disbarking or rubbing them We call such 
a tree low headed, and, to our mind, it is the 
only practical form for orchard trees. We 
are aware that throughout this country, as 
well as in Southern Illinois and Missouri, 
with only here and there an exception, peach 
trees, on being planted in the orchard, are 
cut hack to what some of our horticultural 
doctors call “ half boot leg high,” thereby 
forcing the young tree to push from three to 
six branches below the cut. That we may 
best understand the respective merits of these 
two systems, wc place them in juxtaposition, 
thus: 
conical apple—outline. 
1. Trees with one stem or trunk, of the 
height we described, admit of clean culture 
of the whole ground, by means of horse 
power. 
Trees cut “ half boot leg high,” grow 
several branches, each of which correspond 
to trunks. These soon spread so much as to 
make cultivation of only a part of the ground 
possible by means of horse power. 
2. Trees with only one stem or trunk 
admit of the curculio catcher being run 
under them. 
Trees cut “ half hoot leg high ” so in¬ 
crease the labor of catching insects as to 
make it impracticable. 
3. Trees formed with single stems and 
with horizontal branches are well clothed 
with foliage. 
Trees cut “ half boot leg high” have but 
few small branches and foliage, except on 
the outside. 
4. Trees with single stems and horizontal 
branches have no forks to split down. 
Trees cut “ half boot leg high ’’ grow their 
several stems in a vertical direction, making 
as many crotches or forks as there are lead¬ 
ing stems or trunks. These break or split 
down under the weight of foliage and fruit. 
5. Peach trees grown with clean stems, 
bcingwell cultivated, are producivc, healthy, 
and long-lived. 
Trees cut hack at the time of planting 
“halfboot leg high” being but poorly culti¬ 
vated, become unproductive, unhealthy and 
short-lived. 
6. The trunks of trees when pruned, as we 
have mentioned, are well shaded by their 
horizontal branches. 
The several trunks or stems of trees cut 
“half hoot leg high," are not better shaded 
than are trees with single stems. 
7. Trees with only one trunk admit light 
and a free circulation under the lowest 
branches, whereby the foliage and iruit is 
made as healthy on the lower as on the other 
branches. 
Trees cut “half boot leg high” when in 
fruit, Boon have their several trunks or stems 
bent down to a horizontal position, and arc 
thus brought in competition with weeds. In 
this condition the light ami air an: excluded, 
causing defoliation of the branches, discol¬ 
oration and rotting of the fruit. 
The query is often made : “ How shall we 
prune our trees?” referring to those which 
have many steins or trunks in place of one. 
If the trees are not more than three years 
old it will generally be possible for them 
to lieal the wounds, if the stems are cut 
away. In such eases we advise the securing 
the most promising branch in an upright po¬ 
sition and binding it to a stake, or in place 
of a stake, cut back one of the superfluous 
stems t.o two or three feet high, and make it 
a support for the branch that is left; then 
cut all others away and cover the wounds 
with paint or other impervious substance. 
Soon after growth commences, the branch, 
secured in a vertical position, will become 
fixed by the deposit of new woody matter. 
Then the branch which supported it may be 
cut away and the wounds painted. The 
sprawling topped tree is now changed to a 
form to admit of the same treatment that 
we prescribe for trees that were trained with 
clean stems. 
But when the trees are too large to heal 
the wounds, our advice is to cut close to the 
ground. Depend on it, it is the best possi¬ 
ble style of pruning old trees that were 
headed at “ half boot leg High.” 
We now come to trees that have been 
pruned to clean stems, high enough to admit 
of easy cultivation under the trees. But be¬ 
fore we can hope to effect much good by 
pruning we must know what is possible to 
be accomplished thereby. It is true that 
much of the pruning that is done is by per¬ 
sons who have but a slight idea of the effect 
their cutting will have on the tree, or on the 
fruit. And yet the blind operations of ig¬ 
norant persons sometimes result in more 
good than harm. Especially is this the case 
when the pruning is confined to simply thin¬ 
ning out enough of the inside growth to 
prevent the leading branches from becoming 
bare of smaller ones. Who among our 
orchardists can effect more than we have 
mentioned, or, who among them can point 
out a course of treatment whereby each 
branch, which shall unfold from the buds, 
may be brought under control? Until this 
can be done it will not be possible for any 
one to materially benefit bis trees, or liis 
fruits, by pruning, 
Peacli trees will need to have all superflu¬ 
ous branches cut out each year; also, so 
much of the year old wood as is not wanted 
for fruit or from which to secure new 
branches. We usually cut away so large 
a proportion of the. large and small branches 
as, not only to admit light and air to what 
are left, but provision must also be made for 
all the young branches that may grow from 
buds which arc left in pruning. It will be 
our aim, then, so to prune as to secure light 
aud air to each leaf that may be grown in 
the following summer. This style of prun¬ 
ing not only requires the removal of superflu¬ 
ous branches, hut of quite a large part of the 
shoots or smaller branches, also. To obtain 
the best results it will be necessary before¬ 
hand to know from wliat parts of the shoots 
that are left, new branches will grow, and v 
