cent, water, but the tomato contains about 
twenty-eight quarts water in every bushel. By 
this process it is intended to evaporate and carry 
oil nearly three thousand quarts water from 
tomatoes every twenty-four hours, leaving the 
tomatoes in fine condition for pressingnml pack¬ 
ing, with all the saccharine matter undist urbed, 
feeling as soft, ns a preserved llg, which It very 
much resembles, and will in 1 lent condition keep 
for a long time, retaining all their natural flavor, 
color, and taste, and when so soaked In .cold 
water and cooked, are equal to fresh tomatoes 
and much less acid than the canned tomatoes, 
and of much finer flavor, and free from the 
poisonous effects of the tin, and can bo sold for 
one-half the price. 
Thepoaelics preserved by evaporation ureas 
fragrant ns a fresh basket of ripe peaches, and 
when cooked will have the same rich taste and 
aroma. The evaporated apple looks as white 
ami clean ns a fresh out. apple, and when cooked 
will have all the taste and flavor of tho natural 
fruit -quite a different article from the dried 
apple in every respect. Evaporated potatoes, 
onions, cabbage, parsnip and turnips, when 
cooked, are precisely like tho fresh article. 
Sweet corn, green peas and all other vegetables 
I'milde to take exercise, and obtain tlio same result by passing through tho 
tho poor creatures evaporating process, ns also the strawberry, 
raspberry, and all other small fruit. No fruit 
need now be lost even in tho remotest parts of 
our country for want Of a market, to disposo of 
it at a fair price. 
Ax-Grlmlers in (lie shape of owners of patent 
bee-hives, patent concrete pipe, patent butter 
packages, patent, wagon Jacks, etc., consumed 
most of liio time of the Club. The distinguished 
gentlemen who last week were so restive under 
liar attempt to enlighten them concerning a 
secret organization, listened serenely to tho ver¬ 
bal advertising of itiesoa*-grinders nmlreceived 
such seeds nod nostrums ua were distributed 
among them with great complacency and satis¬ 
faction. 
Corn Fodder was exhibited prepared by a new 
process, and a distinguished Professor said it 
was more perfectly prepared than any lie had 
before Been. Mr. (hums said not, ono farmer 
out or five hundred can afford to buy machines 
for preparing corn fodder, for it la doubtful 
whether the gain to small fanners will pay tho 
cost of a machine. Mr. CARPENTER ima had a 
long oxpcrlennn ond believes it will pay so lo 
prepare stalks where a large quantity Is grown 
and a large stock Is kept. It pays a large Interest 
to uso up tho corn stalks for food. Instead of 
one ton of stalks lasting thirty days they will 
last fifty, furnishing morn nutrition to animals, 
and resulting In more valuablo manure. If ono 
lias the power, the great part of the expense is 
mot. 
Potato nuctiNMion. — Tho report of a Com¬ 
mittee of tho Monmouth County Now Jer¬ 
sey Agricultural {Society on Field Crops was 
read, and embraced a statement that eight acres 
of Early Mohawks hud produced ono hundred 
and twenty-seven barrels per aero tho past year. 
Dr. IIisxAMER regarded that, an excellent yield, 
and tho Early Mohawk a potato of great value. 
He had found that, unlike other Cariy varieties, 
it improves instead of deteriorating after it is 
put in the cellar, Ite had found the Early Rose 
of excellent, quality, but not. a very productivo 
variety, nor does if keep well. Mr. Ftrr.r.F.u said 
it (Early Itoso) kept well with him, and has no 
superior in point, ol' quality. Mr. (’trims plant¬ 
ed Early Rose and Early Mohawk last spring 
side by side, with his own hands, and dug (hem 
himself. Tho yield of tho Early Mohawk was 
doublo that of Early Itoso,nml tho size of tho 
tubers double. IIo has not found tho Early 
Itoso to do well on day soils, and on such soils 
would not. risk it, if he had to pay largo prices 
for seed. Mr. Ckanu hus grown both potatoes, 
and says the Early Mohawk will not, compare 
with tba Early Rose, or even tho Early Good¬ 
rich, as a table potato, it ranks more nearly with 
the Harlson. Another gentleman said His yield 
of Mohawks tho past season was to that of the 
Itoso us olghty-fi vc to twenty-nine. The quality 
was fully equal to the Early Rose, and It was 
preferred by some; but, quality is a matter of 
taste. If does not mature quite as early as tho 
Rose, and the keeping qualities of the two va¬ 
rieties, with him, bad proved to be about alike. 
K.ITTATINNY WILLIAMS llU-S fOUIld UO pot ato to 
surpass the Early Kohc in quality. Although 
the plant with soft soap and water before the 
buds commence swelling; or, when the lice 
are hatched, exterminate by washing with 
tobacco water and rinsing with clean water 
afterward; or by fumigating with tobacco, 
if the plants are in a rose-house. 
MINIATURE BOUQUET HOLDER. 
_ 
When small, or rather when young, 1 
lived where it was customary for every one 
who could obtain the coveted treasure to 
wear a few dowers in the button-hole, and 
no one really felt “ dressed up” without 
them. Iu passing a few days in Ontario 
last summer, back of Port, Hope, a genlle- 
man called my attention to a new flower in 
his garden, stat ing that ho discovered it first 
last Sunday when picking a few flowers for 
the button-hole, before going to church. 
This practice I noticed was quite common 
among the pecplo of that section, and it is 
becoming popular in Rochester, and no 
doubt in New York and other parts of our 
country. 
the possible extent of their growth. With 
these facts iu mind, it will be easy to cut so 
as to leave no more growth than is required 
to perfect the fruit, and about three times as 
many young branches as there are old. This 
excess of branches is grown that a good 
selection may be made for fruiting the suc¬ 
ceeding year. The effect of this severe 
pruning is to cause each new shoot to push 
as many shoots as there are leaf buds. 
In this way the tree is soon supplied with 
such a mass of new growth, as would shade 
as much as though no pruning had been 
done. There is a t endency in all trees when 
severely pruned, to again restore the balance 
between the top and root. Hence, when trees 
are severely pruned at any other time except 
iu the summer, then before the end of the 
season, they will have as much top as though 
no pruning had been done. When there is 
any excess of top growth, whereby a part of 
the leaves are shaded, then the fruit will he 
wanting in flavor and will lack the fine color 
that renders it so attractive to the eye. 
But we are asked, what are, we to do to 
hinder the growth so as to have only the de¬ 
sired number of young shoots and so many 
leaves as are needed in the summer. 
To effect this, we must equalize the forces 
in the tree. This is done by going below 
ground and cutting off so much of the root 
growth as will cause the tree to make no 
other growth than simply to unfold and 
perfect the branches and leaves that are in 
the buds. Without restruiut of some kind 
upon the tree, the buds at the axles of the 
leaves would grow into branches; and in 
ttiis way each new branch would become 
the parent of many little hnuiclilcts. If all 
of these should develop fully, then the tree 
would have as full a head of branches and 
foliage as though no pruning had been done. 
In fact, the production of new branches 
from the axie of leaves is just what takes 
place in ninety-nine eases out of every hun¬ 
dred in trees as ordinarily pruned. Hence 
the vast amount of dead twigs usually found 
in the heads of peach trees. When too 
many leaves are produced they not. only 
prevent the leaves that escape defoliation 
from becoming as large as they ought, hut 
the fruit in size will always be found to cor¬ 
respond to the size of the leaves. There¬ 
fore, any system of treatment of trees that 
will force wood growth to rest in time to 
create no more leaves than are wanted is best. 
i5Cit6Sions 
AMERICAN INST. FARMERS’ CLUB 
We continue our notes of the sayings anc! 
doings of this distinguished body of scientific 
agriculturists. 
The Production of Fat In Domestic Animals.— 
Dr. .1. V. 0. Smith read a paper oil tills subject, 
and tho following extract from it gives Urn key 
to it:-l am satisfied that when an animal has 
bocorno very l'at lie- is more or less diseased, and 
for that reason is not suitable lor our tables. In 
early and pastoral times animals were never 
stall-fed, hut taken from pastures where they 
had freo range and high health. In Eastern 
travel T have noticed that (lie Bedouin Arabs, 
even those that are old, still retain their vigor 
and linn health. Tho accumulation of fat Is 
much increased by certain conditions that In¬ 
duce a diseased state of tho organs. The I'u- 
petc dr. foi f/nw, or pie of fat geese livers, 
mous 
is produced by nailing the poor animals to a floor 
in a very hot room 
confined in a sweltering air 
fall sick, their livers enlarge to a monstrous size, 
and often have abscesses Ol* sores upon them, i 
When their sufferings are about sUlliOlcnt to pro- , 
duco death, their heads are taken off, and these 
overgrown livers used to make a pie, which la 
oaten by some gouty epicure, for which ha pays 
the prloo of many pounds of healthy* natural 
flesh. 1 lent and darkness promote the accumu¬ 
lation of fat, but. ihoy aro Inconsistent with tho 
highest ellicinnqy and vigor of ail animal. The 
best, of all meats is considered to be the flesh of 
birds and wild animals, and strange to say, the 
next best meat is considered to be the flesh of 
animals confined and over-full cued, We cannot 
be wiser than Moses was, and he expressly for¬ 
bade the uso of pork. As a physician, I have no- 
liecd that tho Jews, who religiously abstain from 
swine’s fleshy are remarkably lreo from erup¬ 
tions, carbuncles, boils, and salt rheum. As a 
people, they are more particular than any peo¬ 
ple in the quality of the flesh they eat. 
The word scrofula is derived from a term 
which means sow, and niedioal men will almost 
to a man testify that it ex presses a true connec¬ 
tion in morbid pathology. I am surprised that 
fat meat, always sails so much higher than lean, 
unless it can be shown that loan flesh is defective 
in flavor and tenderness. Wo pay, for instance, 
thirty cents a pound for a fat, cul, and reject 
twenty per cent, of it in tho tallow which lsnnllt 
to bo eaten. If our climate were excessively 
cold there would bo better reason, as wo know 
tho Esquima ux drink train oil as wo do water, 
and tho whales killed iri the Greenland seas uro 
the fattest. In high latitudes fat, is laid on by 
beast and tlsh as well as consumed by mini in 
order to protect the vitals from tho effect of ex¬ 
treme cold. Butthoso who consume fat meat 
in this latitude do II lor no such reason. Itn n- 
clusion, I find my Ideas so well expressed in 
three versos of old English doggerel that I 
quote them, thinking that by such quaint phrase 
Uiey may stick in the memory better than from 
such considerations as I have presented; 
Who outa Lite leanest 
Is tho keenest 
In wit and repartee, 
Since sense and fat, 
Like dog and cot, 
Never will agree. 
Then shun fat food, 
It is not good 
For stomach or for brain; 
’Tis full of Ills, 
Requiring pills 
To make us woll again. 
Thus, dainty bits 
Destroy the wits, 
As William Shakspearo said; 
So if you're so prone. 
Let, fat alone. 
Or you'll bo sooner dead. 
Percheron Horse*.—E. VV. rtntPPF.M, Mendvllle, 
Pa., takes exception to Miss MORGAN’S preju¬ 
dices against French horses, and says: 1 have a 
pair of this breed, one of which weigh 1,850 
pounds, and tho other 1,400 pounds. In October 
I walked them over ft hilly clay road fourteen 
miles (including two stoppages for water) in 
three hours and lwcuty-llv<! minutes, drawing a 
wagon weighing nine hundred pounds, with two 
mowing machines oil it weighing 1 ,.VK) pounds. 
Upon another occasion, with the same load, I 
walked them over a hilly mud ten and o-half 
miles iu two hours and thirty minutes. In tho 
same month I hauled with them, on a wagon 
weighing 1,500 pounds, twenty-two loads sand¬ 
stone* measuring seven hundred and eighty. 
seven cubic feel, estimated ul. one hundred and 
fifty-six pounds per cubic foot, making four 
loads per day, a distance of three miles (twenty- 
four miles per day.) making an average of 5,580 
pounds stone per load, or pounds moved 
three miles iu one day. On tlieUlsl, of January 
I hauled ono load wet ashes, 5,383 pounds, wagon 
' 1,500 pounds, total pounds, u distance of 
1 three miles, part of tho way being up a till! of 
eleven l’eet ascent in the hundred. A common 
load is eight hundred feet of green white oak 
lumber direct from the saw, and I have Just 
been filling my ice-house, drawing Clgldy-Cight 
cubic feet ice per load. The livery stable keep¬ 
ers of Meadvilio have refused to sell me manure 
at one dollar per load, whilst they would sell it 
to me for fifty cents per load if drawn with any 
common team. We have no paved or McAdam- 
ized roads In this section oE the country, they 
being all clay or dirt roads. If the Clydesdale 
ho iso is as showy and us good a draft horse as 
the French, I hope you will uso yonx* influence 
in having ?omo of them Imported, or any class 
which will improve our present degenerate race 
of farm ami draft horses. 
Dcilccatcil Fruit* ami Vegetable*.—CHARLES 
Aljmon exhibited samples of desiccated apples, 
tomatoes, peaches, potatoes, &e., and explained 
tho process which, ho says, consists in evaporat¬ 
ing tlic water without causing any chemical 
change, and hm*ing every property of value, so 
that when the fruit nr vegetable again absorbs 
tbcamountof moisture taken from it,it will have 
ait tho original taste and flavor. By this process 
tho water is evaporated from four bushels of 
tomatoes, or other fruit, per hour. This process 
of evaporation is so rapid that no chemical 
Change can take place, all the saccharine matter 
in tho fruit being retained in its natural state. 
NO chance for dust, flies, bees, or any other in¬ 
sect to interfere with it, and is perfectly clean. 
It is well 
• known that most fruits contain some eighty per 
lorinilturr 
BOUQUET HOLDERS, 
Last summer a gentleman called on me 
from London, England, and after picking a 
few flowers, we started for a ride about the 
city and suburbs. Soon our flowers began 
to wither, when he remarked that a small 
and neat bouquet-holder was in general nse 
in London, which preserved the flowers as 
long as though kept iu a vase in the house, 
as the holder holds sufficient water to keep 
the flowers fresh. They are used for the 
lapel of the coat, for ladies’ dresses, as well 
as for ornamenting the hair. 1 immediately 
ordered a few dozen, and send you several. 
You will notice they are of two kinds—one 
with a pin for dresses or the coat, the other 
with a hook, for the hair or Hits button-hole. 
request for some sign showing how far the 
horticultural talent is developed. We extract 
from these letters as follows: 
Dura HamiUon'M Floral Practice. 
I plan my work months before hand, and 
send for my seeds early in the winter. Two 
other ladies join with me in buying them 
each selecting one-tliird of the varieties, or 
else we make a common selection. We find 
this economical, aiul as the packages are of 
liberal size we each have enough. In the 
latter part of February I start my fuchsia 
cuttings in pots of moss; after rooting J treat 
them twice a week to a little guano—from 
the hen-house—and their upward tendency 
In consequence is quite startling to novices. 
I usually nip the topmost shoot when the 
plant has attained a height of two feet and 
encourage the formation of side-branches. I 
know of no more contemptible sight among 
flowers than a sprawling ill-trimmed fuchsia, 
and not one out of fifty knows how to grow 
one properly. 
Towards the last of March Philander 
starts his hot-bed, and being a firm believer 
in woman’s rights,—in this respect at least, 
—I am sole proprietress of one-third of the 
space. In this I strike verbena cutt ings and 
plant my seed3. I have a few .shrubs and a 
few perennials, but devote the most of my 
energy to the cultivation of annuals. 
My garden lies in such a position that it 
is conveniently plowed and dragged each 
season, before which proceeding the few bi¬ 
ennials and perennials are carefully lifted 
out with plenty of earth about them, and 
reset as soon as the beds arc* in proper con¬ 
dition. In the center is one bed which the 
plowshare never disturbs. If. is filled in 
October with all manner of bulbs, and after 
they fade it is just the right time to trans¬ 
plant my thrifty young fbchsias, geraniums, 
white candytuft and feverfew. Next to this 
are my verbenas, of which I make a spe¬ 
cialty. I grow largely from seed, and plants 
from the hot-bed are of fair size by the min- 
dlc of May, while iu the latter part of the 
month hundreds of tiny seedlings appear in 
last year’s bed, and the strongest of these I 
use for vacancies. These seedlings are more 
hardy, produce more flowers and are more 
fragrant than plants from cuttings. I cut 
verbenas liberally, and am careful to remove 
most of the heads after flowering. My soil 
is a well-enriched clay. 
,; «r m ( ' 
MANTHCS nORTENSIS. 
I know of no flower so well adapted for 
these little bouquets as the Garden Pink, 
{Diantkus Jiortenm^) as it is delicately beau¬ 
tiful and fragrant, and will endure a long 
time without withering or fading. Indeed, 
this flower is not sufficiently prized, and the 
only reason is the fact that it is not well 
known. 
The flowers I send you were picked and 
placed in the little bouquet holders two days 
before shipping, and if not destroyed by 
rough handling on the route, I have no 
doubt will keep many days after they arrive. 
The water is not easily spilled, you will per¬ 
ceive. James Vick. 
Rochester, N. Y., Jan. 1870. 
The flowers catne safely and fresh, and 
we were so pleased with the holders that we 
have had the accompanying engraving of “» Al1 the work is done by machinery, 
them made. k nown that most truits contain some 
$10,010 72 
],7(>l 18 
m 
li 
I 
