“While recognizing’ fully the correctness of 
the principles upon which the present tariff laws 
arc based, it, is our duty to point out defects in 
their practical operation. It has boon proved 
by official returns, that while if was the manifest 
intent oft ho law of 1864 that the minimum rate 
of duty upon the class of wools most directly 
competing with our own should he si x cents per 
pound, the average rate of duty upon this class 
of woofs actually paid has been less than tlvo 
The American producer Ims 
Uiral Arrlntrcturr 
largest and strongest, and break out all that 
are not wanted for fruit. Train the leading 
shoot directly up the rafter, and when the 
side shoots have grown sufficiently long to 
Show the fruit, pinch off the ends beyond 
the fourth or fifth leaf. Lateral shoots will 
soon push, and these will require checking, 
the object being to allow only sufficient 
leaves to perfect the fruit and insure a 
healthy growth of the vine. The vines will 
require frequent applications of water over¬ 
head, and the mulching of a portion of it 
may he removed from the border. Syringe 
the vines three times a day until the flowers 
expand ; then withhold it and let the air be¬ 
come a little drier until the fruit is set. If 
the weather will permit, give considerable 
air at this time, as a free circulation is of 
great assistance in distributing the pollen 
from (lower to flower; hut he careful and 
not lower the temperature of the house sud¬ 
denly, nor let it go below 75\ or above 90' 
or 95 , while the vines are in bloom. Have 
a good thermometer hanging near the center 
of the house, unci let this be the guide for 
temperature. When the berries are fairly 
set give vines a good syringing overhead, 
and follow this up from day to day, varying 
the amount and frequency according to the 
weather, applying more in very hot than in 
cool. 
Five to seven pounds of fruit per vine is 
all that the most vigorous should hear the 
second year, and usually half t his weight is 
all that call he safely carried. The number 
of hunches must vary according to the size 
they are supposed to attain, consequently a 
greater number of the small varieties than 
of the large. The bearing shoots must he 
carefully hut loosely tied out in a horizontal 
position, and as soon as the berries arc as 
large as small peas, thinning must he at¬ 
tended to, if large and fine specimens are de¬ 
sired. A pair of slmrp-poinfed scissors are 
used for thinning. In performing t his opera 
tion commence at the lower end of die 
bunch and work upwards, removing from 
one-third to one-hall' of the berries, anti in 
such a manner that those left will each have 
about the same space in which to grow. The 
operator should lie careful not to injure or 
handle roughly the berries that are to re¬ 
main, for the slightest scratch will make an 
ugly scar and often cause the berries to 
crack open. 
Keep up the syringing and free use of 
Water, and allow the temperature in fine 
weather to reach 90° to 95’. Close the house 
early in the evening and open air as early 
in the morning as the temperature will per¬ 
mit. Train the leading shoot up to the top 
of the house, and if if continues to grow, al¬ 
low it to hang down or train along the back 
wall. In very dry Weather the border may 
require- water, it so give a good soaking and 
not a mere sprinkling. Liquid manures 
may also be applied with safety, and usually 
with good results. 
When the fruit begins to ripen, withhold 
water, not all at once, but gradually; at the 
same time see that the roots do not sutler for 
the want of it. 
The leaves and cane will begin to show 
signs of ripening with the fruit, and when 
the crop is gathered the same pruning, &c., 
must again be performed as in the first sea¬ 
son. Three or four feet is to he added to 
the length of the main cane, and if the buds 
upon if are loo near together, a portion must 
be removed, and I he spurs on that portion 
which has borne fruit must be pruned back 
to within two or three buds of their base. 
The length of the main cane is to he an¬ 
nually increased until it reaches the back 
wall, hut the process should be gradual, 
and in proportion to the strength and devel¬ 
opment of the side shoots or spurs; for it is 
upon these that we are to rely for fruit when 
the vines are fully established. 
The novice may banish all ideas of science 
from, his mind, and rely mainly upon care 
and attention. If he leaves the house in the 
morning all closed up, thinking that it is to 
be a cool day, and it should prove otherwise, 
he will probably find his vines ruined when 
lie comes home at night. Growing grapes 
under glass is as simple an operation as grow 
ing corn, but it requires more care. 
To have a house under perfect control, 
there should lie some means of adding arti¬ 
ficial heat during long, cold rains, and this 
may be done with very little expense. A 
small brick furnace built just, below the level 
of the soil at one end of the house, with the 
door opening outside, and from this run a 
brick flue along the back wall to the center 
or opposite end of the house into a chimney. 
Where coal is to be used, a grate and door 
will be required, costing together seven or 
eight dollars. Tile, five or six inches in 
diameter and about two feet long, can lie 
obtained in nearly all of our large cit ies, and 
these are not only cheaper Hut answer the 
purpose better than brick for fines. 
usbanimt 
A CHEAP COLD GRAPERY 
H. S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Or COBTLANO VlIAAOt, COBTtASr* Cocmty. Nity York 
BY ONE W1IO KNOWS. 
cents per pound. The American producer has 
been thus deprived of the Intended protection. 
“ In view of the facta above stated, and of the 
requirements of our manufacturers for an in¬ 
creased supply of American wool, and in order 
to furnish i stimulus for such supply, and, at 
the same time, to secure ‘equal encouragement 
and protection to both interests,' we recom¬ 
mend as a basis for the re-adjustment, of the 
revenue laws applicable to wool and woolens, 
the following 1 propositions: 
“1. A provision to be Inserted in the taritl' 
laws requiring all wools now known ns Mostizu, 
Metz, Cape and Australian wools to be subject ed 
to a duty of uot less than ten cents per bound 
and ten per cent, ad valorem; said provision to 
be so worded as most effectually to prevent 
these and similar wools from being admitted at, 
a less rate of duty; the rates of duty on all 
ot her wools to remain as they now are, with tho 
exception of wools tho growth of Canada, 
whien, in the absence of treaty stipulations, 
shall t»e subjected to a duty of (blank) cents per 
pound." 
Air. Babuls was not present at the con¬ 
clusion of tho proceedings so as to attach 
his own signature to the report, hut his col¬ 
leagues stated that they were authorized to 
attach it for lam; and we are not aware that 
ho has ever complained of their so doing. 
Our own personal recollections arc distinct 
that ho, when present, apparently concurred 
with his colleagues in their views and ad ion. 
Different propositions in regard to the duties 
cm wool were made by the two Committees 
to each other, belore they could agree; and 
wo remember as distinctly as if it were yes¬ 
terday that Mr. Harris urged us personally 
to favor one of these propositions made by 
the Manufacturers’ Committee, which gave 
a higher rate of duties on foreign fine wools 
than the tariff of 1804. VVc can call to his 
mind, and we presume to the minds of other 
gentlemen who were present, the occasion 
and the substance of his language to ns, if 
Mr. Harris desires it. Was he then reflect¬ 
ing “ the sentiments of the carpet and 
blanket manufacturers" and “ not in any 
way representing the real opinions and 
wishes of the great body of wool manufac¬ 
turers?” Mr. Harris, doubtless, has a right 
to change his mind ; but avc submit that h; 
cannot, with a very good grace, impute 
either bad judgment or bad faith to those he 
acted with. 
Mr. R. G. Hazard, another prominent 
signer of the Rhode Island petition, talked 
“ mutuality of interests ” at the joint Grow¬ 
ers’ and Manufacturers’ Convention in 1865. 
We do not remember that he defined what 
he considered to be such mutuality. But we 
have a right to infer that a ihT^ iff his sense 
and capacity did not attend and take part 
in a meeting assembled for such avowed 
purposes and objects, had lie the remotest 
idea of proposing a reduction in the existing 
duties on wool as his mode of realizing mu¬ 
tuality. A manufacturer who lmd made 
such a proposition would have been laughed 
down by growers and manufacturers alike— 
by the whole Convention. 
It is very clear that a change has come 
over the views, or at, least the policy, of 
Messrs. Harris & Co. They hanker and 
probably always have hankered secretly for 
a return of the good old times when the 
lordly wool manufacturer dictated terms to 
the grower, almost as imperiously as the 
fendul lords of the middle ages dictated terms 
to their vassals. We admire their courage 
in coming out squarely In favor of repealing 
all protective duties on wool, and leaving the 
present protection on woolens—for they ask 
no repeal or change of the latter. This was 
bold, whether it was discreet or not. And 
vve should have admired their boldness still 
more, had they not stooped to the shallow, 
and what under the circumstances may 
justly he termed puerile pretence, that, they 
believed themselves acting for the interests 
of the growers as well as t heir own. 
We have no fear that Congress will grant 
the prayer of the Rhode Island petitioners. 
We should as soon expect to see the streams 
that feed the Rhode Island woolen mills run¬ 
ning backwards. The reactionists who ask 
it are too much wrapt up in the one-ideuism 
of their business to look out beyond the not 
very immense horizon of Rhode Island and 
observe and understand the spirit of the 
limes in which they live. 
[Concluded from page 2iu, lust. No. | 
Villen uml PlauiiiiK. 
There are so many really excellent varie¬ 
ties of the foreign grape that it is difficult to 
select the very best. But everybody will 
begin with Black Hamburgh, and 1 have 
heard some persons say that they wished 
they bail ended there, as this old favorite is 
of such easy culture and certain in its crop. 
A little variety, however, adds much to one’s 
pleasure, and it is for this mainly that cold 
graperies are constructed. To Black Ham¬ 
burg, 1 would add Black Prince, Chasse- 
ltts, Fontainbleau, Zinfindal, St. Peters, and 
White or Grizzly Frontiguan. Select vines 
one or two years old, and those that are 
well grown and healthy. 
Plant one opposite each rafter, and about 
eighteen inches from the wall. If the plants 
are purchased in pots and can be planted 
before the buds have started, shake all the 
soil from the roots and spread them out 
carefully, and cover from four to six inches 
deep. Cut the vines down to six or eight 
inches of the crown, and allow only one of 
the strongest buds to grow. Sometimes the 
vines arc purchased in a growing state, with 
a young shoot already a foot or two long— 
if in tliis condition, carefully turn them out 
of the pots without disturbing the ball of 
earth, and dig out. a. hole and set them in, 
pressing the soil firmly about them, and give 
a liberal watering. Just, as soon as the 
young shoot is long enough to reach through 
the wall, it should he taken inside, and 
thenceforward trained up to the rafter. 
There are various methods of securing the 
vines to the rafters, such as light galvanized 
wire frames or tying with cord; but tho dif- 
dercnco is only a matter of convenience, 
and the owner of a cheap grapery will 
usually choose the one best suited to his 
purse. 
Tlic Vine* the Viral Sou.no n 
are allowed to produce only one cane, and 
all tho small, lateral branches should be 
checked by plucking off their cuds, leaving 
one good leaf on each. If the weather should 
prove dry, water must be freely applied to 
the roots and the vines frequently syringed ; 
give air to the house by lowering the upper 
sash on very warm days, and when there is 
no wind open the door, but keep tho tem¬ 
perature up to from 70’ to 90 during the 
warmest weather. Close the house early in 
tho afternoon, before the air becomes cool 
and chilly. 
During the first season very little care is 
required, except to keep the vines growing 
vigorously. To insure i bis, cover the border 
about the roots of the vines with mulch, and 
keep the air within the house moist by 
syringing the vines, and entire structure, 
morning and evening. If it can be afforded, 
a small force pump will be found more con¬ 
venient than a common garden syringe. It 
is also a good plan to place a tank or cask in 
the house, filled with water, which is to ho 
used upon the vines. Water that is nearly 
of the same temperature of the air in the 
house, is far preferable to that which Is sev¬ 
eral degrees colder. 
The last of August, begin to give more 
air and less water; for Uie object, at this 
time, is to aid in ripening the wood and 
leaves, but the process should not be hurried 
too rapidly. When the wood has ripened 
in autumn, and the leaves fall, lake down 
the vines and prune them. If the canes tire 
very strong—say ten to twenty feet long— 
they may be shortened to four or five feel. 
At the approach of very cold weather, lay 
the remaining portion of the vines down to 
within a foot or two of the ground, resting 
upon small forked stakes, and then cover all 
with bass mats, straw, or even dry leaves. 
The border should also be covered with some 
kind of mulching to the depth of six or 
, eight inches, and the portion of the vine on 
the outside of the house well protected from 
cold. 
The house should he kept closed during 
the winter, unless there should be so much 
warm weather as to endanger the buds by 
causing them to start prematurely. 
Dlaimiauivul lire Second Year. 
At the approach of warm weather in 
spring give air sufficient, to keep the house 
cool and prevent the buds from swelling loo 
early. If the young shoots start too early 
there is danger of injury from frosts, and in 
a cold grapery where there is no means for 
applying artificial heat, vines should not 
start until the weather is sufficiently warm 
to keep them growing. When it is apparent 
that, the spring has fairly opened, autl the 
buds begin to swell, take off the covering and 
allow the vines to remain in this position for 
a few days until all the lower as well as up¬ 
per buds have started to grow, and then 
raise the vines into position for growing. 
When the young shoots have started suffi- 
ciently to show their strength; select the 
THE DUTY ON WOOL, 
Manufacturers Petitionina for its Decrease. 
Forty - three corporations, companies 
and individuals engaged in the manufacture 
of wool—claiming to represent a capital of 
fifteen millions of dollars—have petitioned 
Congress to lower the duty on fine wool to 
the same rates as on class three, or carpet 
wools, t. e., to three cents a pound on wool 
costing twelve cents and under. This is, of 
course, practically asking that all protection 
on our wools be abolished. 
The petitioners are chiefly confined to 
Rhode Island, thirty-three of them belonging 
to that State; the remainder are distributed 
between New York, Connecticut and Massa¬ 
chusetts. The Rhode Island petitioners em¬ 
brace the most extensive wool manufacturers 
of that State. Those of the other States rep¬ 
resent but infinitesimal fractions (and wc 
might say factions) of the wool manufactur¬ 
ing interests of their respective States. 
The document commences with an attack 
on the National Association of Wool Manu¬ 
facturers, and then presents an argument, if 
argument it can be called, to show the un¬ 
equal bearing of the present tariff, and that 
it is injurious to the wool grower, for whom, 
we are glad to learn, these Rhode Island 
wool manufacturers possess a very tender 
regard. Indeed, one would infer from the 
superior stress laid upon this point, that it is 
rather in behalf of the grower than of them¬ 
selves they ask the abolition of protection on 
fine wool! The best way to answer some 
arguments is to allow them to be seen and 
read. Here is what the petitioners kindly 
say in behalf of the growers’ interests: 
“ To us it. seems clear that this unjust oxolu- 
sion of fine wools not grown here Ims contrib¬ 
uted in a great degree to tho deer ease of priced 
of domestic wool. The price of wool in our mar¬ 
ket. w 0ouern«t hy the price of clothe , and while 
foreign manufacturers nave cheap fine words, in 
the absence of competition from us, they can 
and do Import ttiwlr cloths, in spite of a forty- 
flve (to) or fifty (50) per cent, duty, at prices be¬ 
low the cost of production under the one hun¬ 
dred (100) per oeui tariff on flue wool. Give our 
manufacturers flue wool at a morn revenue 
duty, us you do course wool, and the foreign 
manufacturer must, pay more for his wool, bo¬ 
on ly be increased by their natural course ot I 
reproduction. The history of the Rebellion 
shows that it is not economically prac¬ 
ticable to protect the sailing vessels of com¬ 
merce from hostile steam cruisers. Suppose 
us, then, engaged in war with a strong mari¬ 
time power like England, and destitute of 
sheep. Where would our clothing come 
from, and at what price? Can we afford to 
he destitute of sheep ? Is it safe to be desti¬ 
tute of them ? 
Yet, if the petition of the Rhode Island 
manufacturers were complied with, we 
should rapidly become destitute of tine 
wooled sheep in all tho Northern Stales; 
and neither Texas nor California could with¬ 
stand the competition of South America. If 
land were approximately as cheap in them, 
capital, labor and taxes are not. Free trade 
in clothing wool would, uucler existing cir¬ 
cumstances, inevitably consign the great 
bulk of our flocks to destruction, which pro¬ 
duce clothing wool, and this kind of wool 
embraces at least four-fifths of all the wool 
consumed. 
It would he suicidal folly on the part of 
tho wool grower to seek to deprive the manu¬ 
facturer of one iota of his just, and necessary 
protection. We must sustain him for the 
public good and to sustain ourselves, for he 
makes the only market tor our wools. And 
the bond is a Siamese one. He cannot suc¬ 
ceed and flourish without us. He needs our 
wool to mix with Lite weak, tender foreign 
wools, to give them a degree of durability 
which will ensure their sale—a fact obscurely 
llinted at in the quotation we have given 
from the Rhode Island petition. lie needs 
our wool as a reserve U) fall back on, in ease 
of very sharp competition from, or hostile 
combinations of, foreign manufacturers or 
speculators in foreign wool markets. And, 
to speak the plain truth, he very deci¬ 
dedly needs our aid in protecting himself 
against the in-rushing currents of free trade 
in Congress and elsewhere. This co-opera¬ 
tion has none of the invidious features of a 
combination so long as it is guided by jus¬ 
tice, and only seeks its objects by appro¬ 
priate means. It is but parts of the same in¬ 
dustry acting legitimately together for the 
common welfare. The growers will un¬ 
doubtedly stand by the manufacturers as 
long as the latter ask only what is right and 
concede all that is right. The platform is 
one of “ mutuality.” 
But the growers will never consent to re¬ 
trograde into their old position of Helotistn 
to the manufacturers. They will have fair 
and equal protection for both, or they will 
sternly demand free trade for hath. They 
believe sauce for the goose is good enough 
sauce for the gander. 
At the head of the Rhode Island petition 
stands the name of Mr. Edward Harris of 
Woonsocket, lie is the head and front of 
this reactionary movement. He is, we be¬ 
lieve, the largest individual manufacturer in 
the United States, having fifty sets of ma¬ 
chinery. We esteem him a very worthy 
man, but sometimes worthy men are sadly 
inconsistent. The petition sharply denounces 
the action, and will be generally understood 
l>y implication to impeach the motives of the 
Executive Committee of the National Asso¬ 
ciation of Wool Manufacturers for agreeing 
with the Growers’ Committee on the scale of 
wool duties adopted in the tariff. It says: 
“It is, perhaps, not too much to my that tho 
association docs not tn any way represent tho 
real opinions unci wishes of the great body of 
wool manufacturers. Its executive nominlttfle 
may reflect the sentiments of the carpet and 
blanket manufacturers and, perhaps, to some 
extent, the worsted manufacturers. Mu one 
doubts thev do; but, hound ibis, wc deny their 
authority to speak for the wool manufacturers, 
and challenge ihu production of uuy proof of 
such authority." 
Now lying before us is a joint report of 
the Executive Committees of both National 
Associations, adopted in New York, Feb. 9, 
186(5, and transmitted that day to the United 
States Revenue Commissioner, lion. Ste¬ 
phen Colwell. To the report is attached 
manufacturer must pay more tor his wool, be¬ 
cause nf our competition, and will ho forced to 
advance the price, or his cloths, to the direct 
benefit, of our munufftOturors. while our wool 
growers obtain au equal benefit by the increased 
price of tboir wools. 
. It is &l*o web known that for a largo portion 
of woolen fabrics the manufacturer can afford 
to pav mow for wool of American growth, it lie 
cun obtain the foreign wools to mix with thorn, 
the product being absolutely improved by this 
mixt ure of tho wools from abroad with Ameri¬ 
can wools- From any point of view, wo believe 
it can bo shown that tho Interests of the wool 
growers and manufacturers are Identical; 
neither can be depressed for any length of time 
without seriously affecting the other, ami both 
will bo attended alike with prosperity. Wo 
have no doubt a very targe amount of woolen 
fabrics, both in the piece and in garments, are 
smuggled into this country, and brought, in un¬ 
der raise Invoices, whereas the raw material 
pays the full duty." 
Thecal, in this charming extract, scarcely 
dusts her coat with meal—relying rather on 
mewing forth amiable professions. But the 
feline note is unmistakable ! The proposi¬ 
tion is emphasized that “ the price of wool 
in our market is governed by the price of 
cloths;" and then we are asked to believe 
that the abolition of “ the one hundred per 
cent, tariff on fine wool” will, by compell¬ 
ing the foreign manufacturer to “ pay more 
for his wool because of our competition,” so 
raise the price of cloths that the grower will 
“ obtain an equal benefit” lo his present pro¬ 
tection. So the consumer is to fare worse, 
and the grower, after all, is to get only equal 
benefit to that now received! And instead 
of getting it by force of law, he must depend 
upon the liberality and justice of such men 
as our dear friends, the Rhode Island manu¬ 
facturers, who would doubtless pay us splen¬ 
did prices, though they could obtain foreign 
competing wool (at the highest figures to 
which it has risen for years) at half the cost 
of domestic production. Thank you, gentle¬ 
men. You are too good. We very mil 
know your generosity and justice in the past, 
when you had us in your power. But, ou the 
whole, we prefer statutes to promises. It is 
not fair to expose human virtue to unneces¬ 
sary temptations. 
As au argument the above extract requires 
no answer. It answers itself It has uot 
even a seeming show of plausibility. It 
amounts nakedly to this and no more: give 
tho manufacturer full and adequate protec¬ 
tion, aud let the grower and consumer shift 
for themselves. According to the dogmas of 
commercial logic, the production of a great 
necessary of lite is not of so much importance 
to the interests of a country or people as the 
manufacture of that product. It is, according 
to the same authority, of more importance to 
foster the interests of a few hundred capital¬ 
ists, than it is to foster the interests of a 
thousand limes as many farmers who in the 
aggregate represent immensely more capital, 
and a production which, independently of 
its own utility, is of tho first importance as 
au auxiliary to nearly all other branches of 
agriculture. It has become an axiom in 
agriculture that sheep furnish the most i iug are extracts from that report 
ITEMS ABOUT SHEEP, 
Sheep for Herkimer Co.—H enry W. GARRETT 
stated, recently, at a meeting of the Union Ag¬ 
ricultural Society, at Russia, that bo thought 
not over thirty per cent , of the land of the State 
is adapted to the profitable growing of fine wool 
sheep. Ho recommended for that neighborhood 
amcdium-wooled sheep. He prefers early lambs. 
Sheep in Schoharie Co.— John Rcssel lias 
bad, at times, ft flock of five hundred sheep of 
different breeds. He prefers t he medium wooled 
sheep. His practice is to have the lambs drop 
when the ewes aro at pasture. Wm. Wolcott 
keeps a medium wooled flock. Winters them in 
a barn-yard with an open shod that they have 
access to at pleasure. Thinks they are more 
healthy than those kept in close quarters. 
Whisky and Tea for Lambs. Levi SCHKR- 
jiEitiiOHN says when a iarub becomes cold and 
chilled, a3 Is often tho case, gi vo It pure whisky 
and milk—a sort of milk punch. Mr. Garrett 
said he used green tea, milk and sugar— that the 
stimulant was a certain remedy, if the lamb was 
uot too completely chilled, —Storks Uarrows. 
