ECONOMICAL NOTES. 
taken, or no horseman,”—that “ the trouble 
with J. II.’s colt, is simple cramp, and is 
easily removed. The remedy is simple. 
Take one pint of alcohol and two ounces of 
camphor, dissolve and rub on the cords from 
the hoof to the stifle. I thus cured of the 
cramp a jack that could not move his leg." 
cure this is by employing as leading features 
only trees and grass. A soft, verdant lawn, 
a. few forest or ornamental trees well grassed, 
walks, and a few flowers, give universal 
pleasure. These contain in themselves, in 
fact, the basis of all our agreeable sensa¬ 
tions in a landscape garden; and they are 
the most enduring sources of enjoyment in 
any place. There are no country seats in 
the United States so unsatisfactory and taste¬ 
less as those in which, without )iny definite 
aim, everything is attempted; and a mixed 
jumble of discordant forms, materials, orna¬ 
ments and decorations is assembled—a part 
in one style and a bit iu another, without 
the least feeling of unity or congruity. 
These rural bedlams, full of all kinds of ab¬ 
surdities, without a leading character or ex¬ 
pression of any sort, cost their owners a vast 
deal of trouble and money, without giving a 
tasteful mind a shadow of the beauty which 
it feels at the first glimpse of a neat cottage 
residence, with its simple, sylvan character 
of well kept lawn and trees.” We indorse 
every word of the above. 
How to Cultivate Poetry. 
A friend once gave us this recipe:—“ We 
shall never become poets in America until 
we have a more intelligent appreciation and 
comprehension of the natural beauty of our 
foctually. Female ingenuity can soon fashion 
it according to taste. Wear rubber, or yarn 
gloves, if necessary, (leather ones arc not so 
good,) but. you will find it more convenient 
to dispense with them as much as possible; 
and persevering bee keepers do learn to not 
mind the stings. Tlius prepared you can go 
to work. If the bees are inclined to bo 
troublesome, they may be quieted with the 
smoko of rotten or dosy wood, commonly 
called punk or touchwood. Tobacco smoke 
is effectual, but has a tendency to make them 
more irritable afterwards. Learn to handle 
them as much as possible without smoke of 
any kind. 
The frames will be glued fast, of course, 
but can be pried loose without difficulty. 
Use something to loosen them with, that is 
firm, that will not spring hack and give the 
frame a sudden jar, just ns it is loose. There 
will be danger of disturbing the bees, cer¬ 
tainly, but none of breaking the combs, if 
care is used. Unless the combs are toler¬ 
ably straight, there may be some difficulty 
in removing them singly, but, after onceout, 
slight inequalities can be corrected with a 
knife, and very crooked pieces can either bo 
forcibly straightened and kept in place by 
small sticks tied on either side, ns in trans¬ 
ferring, or can be taken out entirely and re¬ 
placed with comb that is straight. Direc¬ 
tions for this process can be (bund in the 
Rural of February 27, 1800, which will be 
repealed if desired. The bees will often 
fasten the frames slightly after they are re¬ 
placed, but it will he trifling. 
Frames may be examined as often as you 
wish. In the busy season the best time is in 
the middle of the flay, whan the bees are 
most busily at work. You will be less dis¬ 
turbed than at any other time; but you can 
go to them whenever you like. Always 
work in and about a hive with the utmost 
quiet, ami steadiness of motion. Tiie more 
hurry and bustle, the more trouble you will 
have and the more irritable your bees will 
become. Always replace the combs in the 
same order you And them, so that the brood, 
which is generally in the contcr combs, may 
all be kept together, M. Quincy. 
St. Johnsvlllo, N. Y. 
arm 
ccw0mti 
Hith Water- Proof Fencing. 
M. H. Richards of Ohio sends us the 
following sketch of a river bottom fence 
which he says is coming into use along rivers 
and creeks in Ohio. He says, “ Tt has proven 
to he the most substantial fencing that can 
be built in case of high water. During the 
great flood of January last some of these 
fences were covered with water eight, feet 
deep, trees and logs rushed with a swift cur¬ 
rent against them and yet no injury to them 
was discovered after the flood had subsided. 
_£?! ^ „ 
CONCENTRATED MANURES 
I notice iu Rural of March 19th, a short 
communication from J. P. ScriENCKofOhio, 
on manufactured manures. As I deem all 
such articles detrimental to the best interests 
of agriculture, will you allow me to say a 
few words on the subject. If this article 
only carried the impression that the super¬ 
phosphate made at Cincinnati is worthless, 
it would look differently, but it also conveys 
the idea that all manufactured manures cost 
more than they come to, discouraging a sys¬ 
tem which Eastern farmers must ere long 
adopt—a more general use of concentrated 
manures. 
Mr. 8. says he has about come to the con¬ 
clusion that good barn-yard manure is worth 
pound for pound as much as these fertilizers. 
This is truly saying very little for the super¬ 
phosphate. Fur my own part, I would 
rather have a load of dry dirt, scraped from 
a well traveled plank or macadamized road, 
than a load of such manure as it is usually 
taken from the barn-yard, seventy-five per 
cent, at, least of which is water, the urine 
and faces of almost all domestic animals 
containing that much, or more. 
I live within a quarter of a mile of the 
city limits, and about three and a-half miles 
from its center; yet I never buy or take as a 
gift any of this manure as long as I can get 
concentrated fertilizers, for I find I can keep 
up the fertility of my soil in a much cheaper 
way by the free use of clover seed and gyp¬ 
sum and these fertilizers. I thereby save my 
horses the work of drawing water two or 
three miles, and escape from the seeds of 
noxious weeds to lie found in barn-yard ma¬ 
nure. I do not. wish to bo Understood to 
undervalue barn-yard manure. I know that 
many farmers suffer from the negligent 
waste of it; but, 1 do not believe it navs to 
Inqnlrlcft for Horsemen. — A Park Oo., C. T., 
correspondent, has a still-jointed horse, which 
runs with difficulty when any one Is on him. Ho 
asks if any nnc can recommend some kind of a 
bath that will Umber him up.—A correspondent 
asks for a remedy for white hairs that appear on 
horses from the use or wear of the saddle or 
harness. 
itnhsrapt marinating 
LAWN MOWERS, 
Some appreciative writer has said, “a 
tiling of beauty is a joy forever,” and cer¬ 
tainly nothing adds more to the beauty of 
the surroundings of the mansion of the opu¬ 
lent., or the cottage of the laborer, than a 
good lawn with its trimly-cut carpet of 
fresh, green grass. Lawns require not only 
care iu their preparation and seeding, but 
" It is comparatively inexpensive, requires 
less repairs, and the timber required does not. 
exceed one-half that of the old-fashioned rail 
(ence. 
“Posts must lie eight feet long, ten inches 
square and sharpened at one end so that 
they can he driven into the ground more 
readily. They stand more firm for driving. 
The rails arc split from six to eight inches 
wide and ten feet long. They are nailed on 
with spike nails. Tiie illustration will show 
exactly how t.lic fence is built. The posts 
are driven by a spile driver, the hammer 
lifted by horse power.” 
Fill Up tlio Mini Ilolca. 
W. L. M. urges Rural readers to “ till up 
the mud holes now, when the roads are soft 
and wearing ruts and holes that will hold 
water from one rain to another, making very 
disagreeable driving, especially with a clean 
wagon. Let a small opening be cut to the 
gutter and the dirt thrown to the middle, 
and it will soon dry off. 
How to Olmolve Hones. 
My method is to take them to the hen¬ 
house, where 1 have a good rock for an anvil 
and a steel faced sledge of about four pounds 
weight. If your correspondent could see me 
pound them up and abouL one hundred hens 
picking up the pieces lie would exclaim like 
Archimedes when be discovered the method 
by which the relative value of gold and silver 
contained in king’s crowns was obtained, “ 1 
have found it! I have found it!” —f. y. w. 
‘ I 4 ^ 
fjjartment 
country, and of the possibilities which may 
result, from skilled landscape gardening.” 
We remember Downing once wrote that 
the poetry ot Britain, from a very carlv 
period, has been especially remarkable for 
the deep and instructive love of natural 
beauty which it exhibits, and by this ho ex¬ 
plained what lie called the “riddle of the 
superiority of English taste in rural embel¬ 
lishment-” In our own country our greatest 
poets derive their inspirations from their in¬ 
timate knowledge and love of nature. Wit¬ 
ness, Bryant, Whittier, Longfellow, &c. 
Few laborers have the requisite skill to ac¬ 
complish this with the scythe, and by this 
mode a great outlay of time and hard labor 
is required. Hence the need and uso of a 
good lawn mower, by which this labor can 
be easily and effectively performed. Wo 
have carefully examined the “Landscape 
Lawn Mower,” a cut of which is herewith 
given; and although we have had no oppor 
WHAT CORRESPONDENTS SAY. 
Note* rrom Florida. 
J. W. Gregory writes from Florida that 
sugar cane is tiie best crop to raise, all things 
considered, as labor is only about, the same 
as corn, and the yield is from one to three 
thousand pounds per acre, and corn is from 
twelve to fifteen bushels. The lumber trade 
seems to have been tiie leading business, but 
the mill logs within several miles of naviga¬ 
ble water have been culled during many 
years, which has Interfered somewhat with 
The stock business 
and yet there are large 
otstmm 
same system, make the same statement. 
Not long since a neighbor told me that from 
an outlay of twenty dollars lie got a return 
of three hundred dollars on his tobacco 
crop; another that from an outlay of four 
or five dollars per acre on his potatoes, he 
had a return of one hundred dollats, and so 
on. I discover that most of the disappoint¬ 
ments that arise in experimenting on these 
manures is either because the directions for 
their application arc not fully carried out, or 
that farmers do not take pains to know for 
themselves the accurate result of the experi¬ 
ment. Another reason is that farmers gen¬ 
erally expect too largo a return from a small 
outlay. 
The Chinese, whose agricultural history is 
about the oldest in the world, do not set a 
very high value on barn-yard manure, but 
have a law prohibiting tiie waste of night- 
soil, urine and all refuse which can be con¬ 
verted into a concentrated manure. 
I spent the winter before last in England, 
almost entirely among the farmers of Wilt¬ 
shire, where I took every opportunity to 
learn their improved mode of agriculture; 
and I was astonished to find such a large 
consumption of artificial manures. At al¬ 
most 
ptartan 
this branch of industry, 
is not very brisk; ; ‘ 
herds of cattle on tiie plains in Central 
Florida. These are principally owned by 
five or six persons; and there are estimated 
to be altogether nearly half a million of 
head. It. is estimated that 25,000 persons 
have visited the State this winter, and a sum 
of two and a-half millions of dollars has 
been brought, direct to the State. He adds: 
“ I do not credit all the large stories of orange 
crops and their value; yet a full grown tree 
will probably average about a thousand 
oranges; and as the wholesale dealers have 
usually paid one cent each on a tree, and the 
trees are planted six by eight yards apart, 
the crop would amount to $1,000 per acre.” 
Advice lor Northern Men. 
II. Stewart, Monroe Co., Pa., writing to 
the Country Gentleman of Southern lands 
and the Inducements to emigrate, says:—“ I 
have visited three Southern States already, 
in search of a locality to which I could re¬ 
move with comfort, and have found the 
cheap lands almost invariably of each a 
character, or with such surroundings, that I 
would not accept them as a gift, if compelled 
to reside on them. Places of favorable lo¬ 
cality and desirable in other respects, are 
field comparatively high, especially in’Vir¬ 
ginia, and I have found that to a man of 
Northern ideas there is a great deal of wil¬ 
der nm to a very lil.llu country. T would ad¬ 
vise every man who meditates migrating 
get out of order. The cutting surfaces (or 
fly cutter,) instead of being made of light, 
cast iron which is liable to break, and which, 
at best, wears away very quickly, are made 
ot best cast steel, hardened and tempered, 
and adjusted to a heavy fly in the most dur¬ 
able and substantial manner. By means of 
an adjustable roller in the rear of the knife 
bar, the machine is made to run easily, ac¬ 
commodating itself to any unevenness of tiie 
ground, mowing borders or lawn alike, com¬ 
plete, without trouble of change, thereby dis¬ 
pensing with all shoes or rollers in front of 
the cutter, which beat down the grass, and, 
of course, render cutting more difficult. 
The gears and working parts of the ma¬ 
chine are covered, and thus rendered secure 
from obstruction by grass, dirt or other sub¬ 
stances. Instead of a “ bail,” the handle is 
attached to the body of the machine and reg¬ 
ulated to any angle by means of an adjusta¬ 
ble socket and thumb screw. The machines 
weigh sixty-five pounds, are built in tiie 
most substantial manner, cut a fifteen-inch 
swath, are always ready for use, can be easily 
operated by a boy fifteen years old, and do 
not require a machinist to keep them in re¬ 
pair. Those desiring further information 
are referred to the advertising department of 
the Rural. 
every railroad depot there was a large 
store of them; and I venture to say that 
among the grain farmers not one in ten ven¬ 
tured to farm without them, and the most 
successful ones were those who made the 
largest and most judicious outlay in this di¬ 
rection; and it must be borne in mind that 
this is done by a class of men who have no 
interest in the land beyond a very uncertain 
tenure. It is a well known fact that since 
the repeal of the Corn Laws by Sir R. Peel, 
when farmers commenced a more general 
use of these fertilizers, the fertility of the 
arable land in England has increased full 
twenty per cent. C. C. Lavington. 
Satina, N. Y. 
NOTES FOR HORSEMEN 
LANDSCAPE WISDOM. 
Management of Brood Mares. 
J. Carroll, Ohio, who lias been keeping 
stallions and breeding colts for nineteen 
years, says “ the best plan is not. to keep a 
brood mare too iat nor work her too hard. 
Give her plenty of exercise. There is no 
danger in working Iter till she foals.” 
J. H.’h Colt Has Cramp, 
An Ohio correspondent insists that W. B. 
F. (see Rural, April 9 , page 231,) “ is mis- 
Cottage aud Grounds. 
A correspondent writes“ How shall 
I make my little cottage and grounds more 
beautiful. They have no striking features, 
hut I want to ornament them so as to be re¬ 
garded in good taste and pleasing. Give me 
hints.” Wc answer in A. J, Downing’s 
words:—"By attcmntinsr onlv tlm eimnl.. 
