id' gj tops. 
MILI-iT CULTURE. 
A Subscribe at Holyoke, Mass., asks 
how to sow inict, when to cut and cure it, 
how much see to the acre, and if two crops 
can be raised he same season; and adds: 
“Dr. LouiNOjf Salem, Mass., says that he 
cut enough -Din one acre to soil twelve 
cows the sefon.” 
The milloiu usual cultivation as a forage 
crop, is the ‘arucum milliaceurn, which rises 
with a reed ike stalk from three to lour feet 
high, witlu leaf at every joint. The stalk 
terminates'n a large, loose panicle, hang¬ 
ing on or side. There are two varieties— 
the brow? and the yellow; the latter is iu 
general (e. Millet grows best in a warm, 
rich, s uly soil, which should he well pul¬ 
verized o a good depth—such a soil as 
would voduce a first-class crop of corn. It 
is usuay sown in May, alter danger from 
frost l*s passed, and grows luxuriantly in 
the wrm days of June. If desired for buy 
or to ;cd green, not Jess than three pecks to 
one lisliel of clean seed should be sown to 
the icre; us, when seeded thick* U grows 
fine and softer, mid is more readily eaten, 
Ji some districts of Western New York 
it las been grown to a great extent, not only 
fo- summer, but for winter feed for milch 
c<ws. It furnishes a very rich milk, and 
vhen well cured is preferred by animals to 
/ood hay. It is a good crop for clean cul- 
viire, sown thick, smothering all weeds. It 
is not within our knowledge that two crops 
have been grown the same season, though 
an early and a later sowing might effect that 
object. Neither are we advised that if cut 
off in a green state it makes growth for a 
second cutting, though with a favorable sea¬ 
son there is strong probability of such u re¬ 
sult, as it is a very strong grower on rich 
land. It makes the best hay if cut before 
the seed has matured, as the stalks are then 
less woody, more soft, grassy and nutritious. 
It is cured and treated like timothy grass. 
Crops of three to five tons of cured hay 
are not uncommon. It is often sown late in 
June, when there is strong probability of a 
short July crop; after that time it will ma¬ 
ture a good crop, though not a full yield of 
seed, unless I lie fall is favorable. When al¬ 
lowed to ripen, It. yields thirty to forty bush¬ 
els of seed per acre, as valuable for stock as 
oats, and much relished by fowls. The seed, 
being small and hard, should be ground for 
feeding, or there will be a loss from animals 
voiding it whole. 
If any of the Rural readers can give defi¬ 
nite information of an after growth, when 
cut green for soiling, we should be glad to 
hear from them. 
Another millet, better known as Hungari¬ 
an Grass, has been extensively and profita¬ 
bly grown upon the rich prairies of the West, 
where it. yields a heavy crop of good hay. 
It is a smaller stalked and more leafy grass 
than common millet, and flourishes best on 
rich alluvial and mucky soils, growing so 
tnicli, when closely seeded, as to leave the 
ground nearly as bare as a siimimir fallow. 
For feeding as hay, it. should always be cut 
before the seed forms, as it is proved by prac¬ 
tice that the seed, fed onground in the hay, 
inj ir.es some kinds of stock. 
-- 
RAISING TURNIPS. 
I read in the Rural of the 19tli of June 
last, that Mr. I. O. Barrington of Michi¬ 
gan, recommended sowing t.h« seed in the 
garden the same as for cabbage; then trans¬ 
planting to the field. He said four smart 
men could set an acre in a day. We think 
Mr. B. is behind the times, or far behind 
Canadians in raising turnips. 
Three things are essentially necessary in 
raising a good crop. Rich land, a double 
mold-hoard plow, and a seed drill, sowing 
two rows at a time, drawn by a horse. 
Oar practice is as follows:—First plow the 
land eight or ten inches deep, (clover sward 
is best.) manure and harrow faithfully, roll¬ 
ing to smooth the surface and pulverize the 
lumps. Next draw a straight furrow on the 
edge of the field, with the double mold-board 
plow-, which lias a simple apparatus on the 
beam to mark a line for the next furrow. 
This may be set any distance from twenty 
to forty inches. Keep the ridges always 
straight. I find that thirty to thirty-two 
inches is the best distance for the drills. A 
good team and man will easily ridge eight 
acres in a day, every round making two 
ridges. One horse and man, with the double 
drill, in half a day (five hours) will drill in 
the eight acres, and doit well, using one and 
a-lialf to two pounds seed to the acre, ma¬ 
king a continuous row r of plants, and the 
work is done, and far cheaper than by trans¬ 
planting. June 20th to the 25th is the right 
lime for seeding. 
It is essentially necessary for after culture 
to have the drills straight. When the plants 
are in the third leaf, go through with the 
cultivator, which should he set to work 
within two or three inches of the plants. 
Next hire an Englishman (who is worth two 
Americans) to thin them out; cost $1.25 to 
$1.50 per acre. This work is done rapidly 
by walking in the furrow, and with a broad 
boe striking square across the drill, leaving 
one plant every twelve or fourteen inches. 
It is well to have a boy follow the man to 
putt vp where more than one plant is left. 
I here give a sample of a drill partly thinned 
out.Cultivate as often as you 
please until the tops are large. Sometimes, 
and in rainy seasons, it will he necessary to 
go over them a second time with the hoe, 
and the work is done. 
Mr. B. requires thirty-two days’ labor, be¬ 
sides raking off the drills, to set eight acres. 
We only require a day and a-lialf, with man 
and team, to do the same work. Here is a 
great saving of greenbacks; or eight acres 
against one. Preparing the land uud after 
culture we call the same. 
Mr. B. says he had a turnip that weighed 
nine pounds and six ounces. I could have 
loaded a wagon with turnips weighing from 
nine to thirteen pounds. I will not mention 
the weight of turnips hereafter. Read the 
following,* cut from the Parts Transcript, 
dated Nov. 12, I860, describing a monster 
turnip, raised by Mr. Jacob Shoemaker of 
Blenheim, in the county of Oxford, Canada, 
near the Great Western Railway. My son 
saw it after it had been kept in a dry warm 
room many days. It then weighed over 
thirty-nine pounds, was of beautiful shape, 
top and tap root cut off. This beats the 
world, Mr. Barrington and myself too. 
Paris, Ontario. H. Caption. 
* The following In th<! extract referred to:—“Pro- 
balilv t lie Int turnip ever raised in this part <>f 
the country mu liroiiKht into Ayr last Tuesday, and 
left ns a ‘afght to be set'll’ at Hilbtirn’s Hotel. It 
was raised by Mr. JACOB Shoemakeh, 12th Conces¬ 
sion, Blenheim.and weighs forty-one pounds. Who 
can beat this?" 
•-- 
POTATO PRACTICE. 
Experience with Varieties. 
I agree with U. B. P. as to the unfitness 
of the IIarisen as a table potato, but for 
feeding stock it. is our best. Peach Blow is 
our best late keeper hero, and to get the best 
crops we plant as late as the first of June. 
They grow most in September, when the 
cool nights come on. We have had the Red 
Peach Blow one year, and are well pleased 
with it. It. differs from the other in being 
all over red, and the blossom is quite dark. 
Early Goodrich is with us a No. 1 potato 
in every respect, decidedly better than Early 
Rose, and how much behind it iu curliness 
we must ascertain this season; for last year, 
although planted at the same lime, we could 
not see any gain in earliness. We are now 
using Early Goodrich, and find them quite 
good, except now and then a watery one. 
Early Rose is immensely productive,good 
size, and handsome; hut iu our opinion, not 
equal to Goodrich. From seven ordinary 
sized Early Rose potatoes planted last spring 
I grew three bushels. 
Monitor does well here, and is of good 
quality. Cusco we have discarded on ac¬ 
count of its deep eyes. Last spring we got 
a new one, “ Mealy White,” which promises 
to be very productive and of superior quali¬ 
ty; but the eyes are too deeply set, to be 
popular with the cook. 
In planting our late crop the whole tuber 
is not used but simply the eyes, with about 
an inch in diameter of the potato cut off, not 
over one-half an inch deep. This is done as 
soon as the eyes begin to protrude, and may 
lie kept in a cool damp place for a month be¬ 
fore planting. Tims we have the potato to 
use in better condition than if the sprouts 
were left to grow on them. 
My early varieties, such as Early Rose and 
Early Goodrich, are taken up when the vines 
have been dead about, ten days, left to lay 
until perfectly dry. Then put into barrels, 
and kept in a cool dry out-house, until fall, 
when danger of freezing warns us to put 
them in the cellar. 
To make t he most of rare varieties, put 
them in a hot bed, and when the sprouts are 
four to six inches high take them up care¬ 
fully, remove the sprouts which will have 
nice roots, plant them, replace the tubers 
again into the bed, and in a few weeks you 
can renew the tax; after which cut up the 
potatoes and plant the pieces. 
Our soil is a dark loam mixed with sand 
some t wo to twenty feet deep on the river 
bottom. On the bluff five hundred feet 
higher, black loam with pretty tough clay 
subsoil, very rich. We use no manure. The 
yield on low and high land is about equal, 
but t he quality on the upland is superior. 
Bufftou, Mo., 1870. S. Miller. 
-♦-*--*■- 
FIELD NOTES. 
Orcharil Grass ami Clover. 
Some years since, while farming, I experi¬ 
mented three years with grasses, and among 
t hem all, found none to repay me so well 
during the entire three years as my mingling 
of clover and orchard grass. I had three 
several patches; one a poor, heavy clay; one 
a gravelly, clay shale, and one a strong, but 
rather heavy clay loam. I tried experiments 
on each, using of seed from one bushel of 
orchard grass and four quarts of clover to 
one and a-lialf of the former and six quarts 
j of clover, and then two bushels of the orchard 
I grass with eight quarts of clover. 
The seed was sown on each strip at the 
same time, and brushed in. In September 
of the first year it wa3 mown and left on the 
ground. The next year I cut two crops of 
hay—one in June and one early in Septem¬ 
ber, with a result of at least one quarter more 
and of better quality of hay from the heavy 
seeding than from the lightest. 
My horses and cows would eat of it in 
preference to the best timothy that I had or 
could buy; and while I have repeatedly 
urged the growing of orchard grass and 
clover in the place of timothy and clover, I 
find little or no disposition to follow it in my 
section, and mainly, I suppose, because the 
farmer desires to sell bis surplus bay, and 
nothing will command the same price per 
ton in market as timothy; and, as a rule, 
farmers look to the ultimate price per ton, 
rather than to the net receipts after figuring 
up the number of tons.— Frank Amon. 
New Hampshire Corn Premium*. 
J. D. Lyman, Exeter, N. II., makes the 
following offer :—Fully convinced that this 
vastly valuable crop can lie greatly in¬ 
creased by the judicious selection of seed, 
the subscriber offers premiums for corn 
grown in New Hampshire in A. D., 1870, ns 
follows: 
For the best 100 ears of eight-rowed corn...|35 
For the tteuoud beat 100 ears of eight-rowed corn .. IS 
For the beat, 100 ears of more than eight-rowed 
corn..... 
For the second beat 100 ears of more than eight- 
rowed corn. If* 
Same number of twiu or triple ears upon 
the stalks, received same as above. The 
traces must he secured by cords upon hoards 
or otherwise, so as not to break, and reach 
the subscriber at City Hall, Manchester, by 
noon of the last Tuesday of December next, 
at which time and place the awards will be 
made. Size, beauty and quality, both of 
the cars and grain, to lie considered in 
awarding the prizes. Each hundred ears 
must, he grown upon one farm, and upon 
plots of not less than one acre. The four 
premium traces to be retained by the sub¬ 
scribin’ for distribution. Method of cultiva¬ 
tion must be furnished in writing, or made 
verbally at the time, that it may be written. 
The committee arc to have no means of 
knowing the owners of the corn until after 
the awards are made. The committee are 
as follows;—Levi Bartlett, Clias. U. Hayes, 
James O. Adams, Win. H. Gilmore, Gen. A. 
Hoyt, Gen. Ezra Glidden, C. N. Healey, D. 
M. Clough, T. E. Hatch, M. D., Hon. Clias. 
Jones, Parker W. Horne, Rei Hills, W. D. 
Locke, Thomas Lane. 
Tin* Rap*! Plant <n the West. 
In Foil du Lac and Calumet counties, Wis¬ 
consin, some of the German farmers have in¬ 
troduced the cultivation of this oil-producing 
plant, so generally cultivated in Europe. 
The quantity marketed at Fon du Lac in 
1880 was 4,000 bushels, and in 1866, over 
20,000 bushels. About two gallons of oil un¬ 
made from a bushel of seed. The Prairie 
Farmer says the average yield of rape seed 
by good farmers, has been from ten to eigh¬ 
teen bushels per acre; though some have 
raised as high as. thirty-five bushels. The 
price for a series of years has ranged from $2 
to $2.50 per bushed. So far from impover¬ 
ishing the soil, it is found that the ground, 
the year after a crop of rape is taken off, will, 
yield from five to eight bushels more of 
wheat than it will if any other grain lifts 
been sown. The soil is also in excellent con¬ 
dition for almost any other crop. The chaff 
is relished by cattle, and when it is mixed 
with roots, it makes an excellent food. The 
straw may be used for bedding purposes, 
The rape seed cake—the portion that re¬ 
mains after the oil is expressed—is a most 
valuable food for cattle. As a food for dairy 
cows it has long been celebrated in Europe. 
The ground cake has sold this year at from 
$16 to $20 per ton. 
About Hop Culture. 
A. Parsons says “ the great mistake 
throughout the country in hop culture is 
neglect. While young, the plants are very 
tender, and on a compact soil, weeds will 
check their growth. The labor of cultiva¬ 
tion will be very great if weeds are on the 
land ; and when such is the ease, it is best 
to summer fallow, or plant and hoe thorough¬ 
ly the year previous to getting to hops. 
With the uncertainties of profits from hops, 
of the past few years, it Is best for those who 
cultivate them to do it well, taking great 
pains to pick well and have them well cured.” 
Potato amt Surprise Out* Identical. 
“ Rural,” in the Chicago Tribune, says: 
“ The Potato Oats received from the Com¬ 
missioner of Agriculture are, no doubt, iden¬ 
tical with the Sehonen ami Surprise oats. 
So this Surprise nat humbug has ended in 
t he discovery that iL was a put-up job from 
the first. I have sown a\>eek of the import¬ 
ed seed, and will have samples of the crop 
for comparison.” It does not follow that it 
was “ a put-up job,” for Mr. Van Ollnda 
claims, if we remember right, to have pro¬ 
duced the Surprise oats from seed received 
from the Department of Agriculture. 
‘anb firpartmint. 
TAKING UP GOVERNMENT LANDS. 
A young man at Wheaton, Ill., asks, in 
behalf of himself and others, “ What are we 
to do, and what measures must we take to 
get lawful possession of Government land ?” 
In response, we cannot do better than re¬ 
publish the Homestead Law. In the vicinity 
of all public lands subject to pre-emption 
are land offices at which nil the detailed in¬ 
formation necessary to intelligent action 
may be obtained. The first thing to do is to 
find the land wanted and file an application 
therefor with the Register of the nearest 
Land Office, and enter immediately into 
possession thereof. The following is the law: 
An Art to Secure Ho?nr*tends to Actual 
Settler* on the Public Domain, 
Be it enacted by the Sc nob and House of Repre- 
senlatiives of tin United Stoics of America, in Con¬ 
gress Assembled, That any person who is the head 
of a family, or who has arrived at the syye of 
twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the United 
States, or who Khali have filed his declaration <>r 
intention to become such, as required by the 
naturalization Jaws of the United Slates, and 
who tins never borne arms against the United 
States Government, or given aid and comfort to 
Its enemies, shall, from and after the first of Jan¬ 
uary, ts«3, be entitled to eater one-quarter sec¬ 
tion', or u less quantity of unappropriated pub¬ 
lic lands, upon which said pci-son mav have liled 
a pre-emption claim, or which may. at the t ime 
the application is made, be subject to pre-emp¬ 
tion at one dollar mid t wenty-live cents, or less, 
per acre; or eighty acre- or lessor such unap¬ 
propriated lands, at two dollars and fifty cents 
per acre, to be located tn a body. In conformity 
io the legal subdivisions of the public lands, and 
ufter the same shall have been surveyed: Pro¬ 
vided, That any person owning and residing on 
land may, under the provisions of this a*-t, enter 
other land lying contiguous to his or her said 
land, which si mil mu, with tlm lands so already 
owned and occupied, exceed in the aggregate 
one hundred and sixty acres. 
Sec. 2. And be it farther enacted. That the per¬ 
son applying for the benefit, of this act, snail, 
upon application to the register of the land 
office in which he or she is about to make such 
entry, make affidavit, before tin; said register or 
receiver that lie or she is ihe bead of a family, 
or is twenty-one or more years of age, or shall 
have performed service hi the army or navy of 
the United States, and that, he has never borne 
arms against the Government of the United 
Stales or given aid and comfort to Its enemies, 
and that such application is made for Ills or her 
exclusive use and benefit., and that, said entry is 
made for I be purpose of actual settlement and 
cultivation, and not either directly or Indirectly 
for I lie use or benefit of any other parson or 
persons whomsoever: and upon filing the said 
affidavit with the register or receiver, and on 
payment of ion dollars, hern- she shall thereupon 
be permitted to enter ilic uumirtty of land 
Specified: Provided, lunrever, That no certificate 
shall be given or patent issued therefor until the 
expiration of five years from the date of such 
outry; and If, at the expiration of such time, or 
nt any lime within two yours thereafter, the per¬ 
son making such entry—or if tie be dead, tils 
widow ; or in ease of tier death. Ids heirs or 
devisee; or in case of u widow making such en¬ 
try. her bcins or devisee, in ease of her death— 
shall prove by two credible witnesses that he, 
she or limy have resided upon or cultivated the 
same lor ilie term ot five years immediately 
succeeding the lime of tiling the affidavit afore¬ 
said, and shall make affidavit that no part of 
said laud has been alienated, and that he has 
borne true allegiance to the Government of the 
United Stales; then, in siieli ease, he, she or 
they, it at that time a citizen of the Uni list 
States, shull be entitled to u Patent, as in other 
casus provided for by law : ,-lad provided, fur¬ 
ther, That in case of Ihe death of both lather 
and mother, leaving an inlaid child or children, 
under twenty-or e years of age, the right ami 
fee shall enure to the boriotli of said Infant 
child or children; and the executor, adminis¬ 
trator or guardian may, at any time within two 
years after the death of the surviving parent, 
and in accordance with the laws of ihe State In 
which such children for the time being have 
their domicil, soil said land for the benefit of 
said infants, but for no other purpose ; and the 
purchaser shall acquire the absolute title by the 
purchase, and tie entitled to a patent from the 
United States on payment of the offioe fee3 and 
sum of money herein specified. 
Sec. 3. A ml he u further enacted, That the 
register of the land oftjee shall note all such ap¬ 
plications chi the tract books and plates of his 
office, and lo-epa register of all such entries, and 
uiiikc return thereof to the General Lund Office, 
together with the proof upon which they lmvc 
been founded. 
SEC. 4 And be it f urther enacted. That no lands 
acquired under tic provisions of this net shall in 
any event become liable to the satisfaction of 
any debt or deb Is contracted prior to the issuing 
of i be patent thereof. 
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted , That If, at 
any time after the tiling of ilie affidavit, as re¬ 
nin red in the second section of this act, and be¬ 
fore the expiration of the five years aforesaid, it 
shall bo proven, after due notice to the settler, 
to i be satisfaction of the register of the land 
office, flint tlie person having filed such affidavit 
shall have not uully changed hi* or her residence, 
or abandoned the said land for move than six 
months at any lime, then and In that event the 
land so entered shall revert to the Government. 
Sec. 8. And he it further enacted , That no Indi¬ 
vidual shall be permitted to acquire title to more 
than ono-quaner section under the provisions 
of this net; and that the Commissioner or tho 
General Land Office la hereby required to pre¬ 
pare and issue such rules and regu In I ions, con¬ 
sistent with this act, as shall be necessary and 
proper lo curry its provisions into effect; and 
that the registers and receivers of the several 
land offices shall be entitled to receive the same 
compensation for any lands entered under the 
provisions iff this act that they arc- now entitled 
to receive when tho same quantity of laud is 
entered with money, one-half to be paid by the 
person making tb© applicat ion at the time of so 
doing, a ml the other half on the issue of the cer¬ 
tificate bv the person to whom it may be issued; 
but this shall not be construed to enlarge the 
maximum of compensation now proscribed by 
law ror-any register or receiver: Provided , That 
nothing contained in ibis ac-t shall be so con- 
si riled as to impair or interfere tn nuy manner 
whatever with existing pre-emption rights. And 
provided further. That all persons who may have 
tiled I heir applications for a pre-emption right 
prior to i Ills act, shall be entitled to till privi¬ 
leges of this net.: Provided, further, That no 
person who has served, or may hereafter serve, 
for a period of not less than fourteen days in the 
array or navy of the United States, either regu¬ 
lar or valuator, under the laws thereof, during 
the existence of an actual war, domestic, or 
foreign, shall be deprived of the benefits of thiB 
act on account of not having attained the age of 
twenty-one years. 
Sec. 7. A nd he it further enacted, That the fifth 
section of ilm net, entitled “An act in addition 
to an act more effectually to provide for the 
punishment of certain crimes against the United 
States, and for Other purposes," approved the 
third of March, in the year eighteen hundred 
and fli t ,v -seven, shall extend to all oat hs, affirma¬ 
tions, ami affidavits, required or authorized by 
this act. 
Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That nothing 
in this act shall be so construed as to prevent 
any person who has availed him or herself ot 
the benefits of the first section of this act from 
payiDg the minimum price, nr the price to which 
the same may have graduated, for the quantity 
of land so entered at anytime before the expira¬ 
tion of the five yems. and obtaining a patent 
therefor from theGovcrnmcrit. as In other cases 
provided by Jaw, on making proof of settlement 
and cultivation as provided by existing laws 
granting pre-emption rights. 
Approved, May 20, 1802. 
-- 
Inquiries About Lands.—R. W. PUTNAM asksif 
there is any good Government land in Missouri; 
if so, in what part of the State, what the cli¬ 
mate, water, timber, length of foddering season, 
and all the disadvantages. 
nlmsfrial (Topics. 
PUBLIC HIGHWAYS. 
BY HUGH T. BROOKS. 
Vanderbilt, Fisk and Jay Gould con¬ 
trive to keep their railroad wares before the 
people, but the public highways are shame¬ 
fully neglected, and their overseers and man¬ 
agers fearfully demoralized, I believe the 
highway commissioners of Mt. Morris were 
not indicted for manslaughter the other day, 
but they ought to have been, and a nta- 
joriiy of all other road commissioners in¬ 
dicted with them. A person lost his life 
near that town through the culpable care¬ 
lessness of the authorities; a similar case .oc¬ 
curred at Rochester recently. In almost any 
section of the country, if you are caught out 
after dark, you arc in great danger of death 
hy tumbling down the precipitous sides of 
an embankment, or driving off the sides of 
an unrailed bridge. Where embankments 
cannot be walled, or secured by railing, three 
or four feet each side of the carriage track 
should be sloped sufficiently togivc warning, 
but. not enough to upset a vehicle. 
It often happens that roads are level, but 
their sides almost perpendicular, and if you 
diverge a little in the dark, you are upset 
without notice and without remedy; where¬ 
as, if your carriage inclined moderately to 
one side, you could regain the road without 
accident. 
Bridges are the most dangerous places. 
They are frequently approached by a steep 
embankment, with still steeper and un¬ 
guarded sides, and if a horse lacks confidence 
in the rickety structure and broken planks, 
and backs down, it is fortunate if you have 
made your will and arranged your affairs. 
The other day I attempted to drive a heavy 
load over ft canal bridge which was so high 
and steep of approach that the team slipped 
and gave hack, and I was saved from a fear¬ 
ful plunge down the side of an embankment 
by a man who sprung forward, seized a stick, 
and arrested the descent just in lime. 
8o hard a place to draw a 1- id, and such 
dangerous precipices on eilherlffile, area 
disgrace to the State of New York, that put 
things in that shape, and to the authorities of 
Caneadea that leaves them so. To guard 
against accident, and save human life, is the 
first thing to look to. 
At this writing, March 24th, we have plen¬ 
ty of snow, and in many places inconvenient 
snow drifts; this nuisance is mainly unneces¬ 
sary; it greatly interrupts winter business 
and pleasure. The crooked rail fence is the 
source of our worst drifts, for it puts the 
snow in ridges that make “ pitch holes.” 
Hapily rail fences cannot hotel long, for they 
require too much timber; but while they do 
hold, let them be laid down in winter, or the 
fields opened for travelers. 
The introduction of hedges will lessen 
drifts; wire fence will do, but I think it an 
unprofitable investment. I notice a fence 
worthy of consideration with board panels 
attached to the posts by hooks or staples. 
The panel is easily removed in winter, and 
all drifting avoided. 
A low stone wall, without boards or rails 
on top, does little injury. Before we had 
cut away the forests, drifting was unknown. 
We have opened passages which concen¬ 
trate the wind, giving it great force and 
making travel often very disagreeable. I 
predict that in or before the millennium we 
will get common sense and Christianity 
enough to plant trees along the roadside to 
shield the weary pilgrim from summer heat 
anti winter blasts. We cannot dispense with 
forests without dangerously interfering with 
the fundamental conditions of health and 
productiveness, and if they were judiciously 
disposed, they would greatly facilitate 
winter traveling. 
Winter roads especially are much better 
when they can be run through valleys and 
ravines, and avoid the bleak places. Very 
many roads should lie relaid on more 
eligible routes. But if communities will 
have snow drifts, they should at least remove 
them from the track, keep their roads in 
good order, and not impose upon travelers. 
___ 
The Unsigliiltaeos* of Rond Fence* all over 
the country causes a correspondent to ask, with 
some apparent impatience, “ What on earth is 
the use of the old, tumble-down, rickety road 
fences which deface the country. The law ex¬ 
cluding cattle from the roads is cursing the 
roadsides of the country with a look of shift¬ 
lessness very torturing to a man of taste and 
order. Remove the fences or fix 'em up." 
