drouth. The ground wants to be soaked, 
and then the watering may be dispensed 
with for several days. If there is no rain, 
water again, and repeat: but it need not be 
so copious. Once the ground is thoroughly 
soaked, there is little trouble afterwards. 
This has been our practice in watering 
plants, and it seems the only successful one. 
You can hardly use too much water, es¬ 
pecially where there is sand, or a porous soil. 
We have experimented on grass and with 
this berry, and we tint! that, however we 
may apply water, it will he a benefit, pro¬ 
viding we apply enough. Daily applica¬ 
tions, so as to keep the ground moist well 
down , has been as good as anything, though 
twice applied copiously in a week, is about 
the same thing. 
In mucky soil, usually dry, when the berry 
ripens and before, It grew to enormous size, 
and was as good as it was large. There was 
not much sun, and yet the berry was sweet, 
meaty, juicy, and rich in aroma. Nothing 
surpassed the berries grown on this black, 
mucky soil. F. o. 
loads of muck and barn-yard manure. The 
night soil and horse manure are brought 
from the city in sloops to within a mile or so 
of the place. The compost as above, is used 
with great benefit on all the different crops 
to which it is applied. 
Of the commercial manures, Peruvian 
guano is considered the best, being the only 
one on which, Mr. C. says, he can rely. It 
is applied to the hill or row of growing 
plants to “hurry them up" and hasten matu¬ 
rity. In this economical way of applica¬ 
tion, crops bringing a fair price, this guano 
Is considered to pay, at even .$100 per ton. 
Some of the phosphates have been used, but 
he has not found them equal to what was 
claimed for them. 
The fish called “Menhaden,” which of late 
years have been growing scarce in the waters 
himself under the surface, and cut them off 
before they appear above the ground ; such 
soil is also unfavorable to the growth of 
weeds in the drill. 
In planting siring beans, after a shallow 
furrow is opened, the work is facilitated by 
an instrument like a skeleton wheelbarrow 
run through the furrow. On the surface of 
the wheel, which is about three inches wide, 
are nailed pieces of wood, four inches apart, 
so that by the revolution of the wheel a de¬ 
pression is made at the desired distances, in 
which a single bean is deposited by tlie 
droppers. A great saving in time is thus 
effected, besides placing each seed cqui-dis- 
tant from the other. 
The implements used here are the “Eagle” 
plow for turning, and a Jersey one called 
a “Peacock” plow, which, having a long 
land side, insures steadiness in “striking 
out”; a cultivator of Mr. Cortleyou’s mod¬ 
ification, deeper-cutting than those ordinar¬ 
ily used, and narrow harrows for mellowing 
tbe soil between the rows. 
Besides the hands engaged by the year, 
the foreman during Ihe gardening season re¬ 
ceives $2 per day and other hands, as re¬ 
quired, from $1.25 to $1.50 without, hoard. 
In gathering and picking, women, girls 
and boys are employed, who are paid 
\ by the basket or bushel. 
\ The profits in this business, like all 
\ others, are subject to fluctuation; but 
\ in tbe main, under good management 
| are largely in its favor. From the 
j product of 5,000 early tomato plants 
j last year, were received $800; hut the 
/ late ones did not pay so well. It. is 
/ worthy of observation that the tomato 
j crop always pays better in those sea¬ 
sons when peaches arc scarce, as this 
vegetable is then more in demand for 
preserving. From three acres of peas 
were received $700, but the early po¬ 
tatoes were not remunerative, being 
lower last year than known for years. 
Tomatoes are sent to market in willow 
baskets said to bold about a bushel, 
Or in crates of similar capacity; sometimes 
they are sold l»y weight. Early potatoes are 
sent in baskets, sacks or barrels. When Ihe 
farm is so near navigation as this is, late cab¬ 
bages are put on board of boat in bulk just 
as taken out of the ground and sold by the 
hundred; the earlier ones are trimmed and 
sent in baskets or barrels. The Boston and 
Hubbard squash arc sold by the barrel. 
Great facilities for marketing are afforded 
here, by a daily line of propellers which 
land the produce near Washington market 
at reasonable rates; and for a moderate 
charge the captains of these boats sell the 
produce, the returns for which can be had 
at the oil ice of the steamboat owners at 
Mattawan. As these boats leave in the even¬ 
ing, the raiser can have all day to gat her and 
cart, his produce, which arrives in New 
York in two or three hours, ready for the 
seller to take advantage of the morning 
market. i. x. n. b. 
FRUITS RECEIVED 
BY F. R. ELLIOTT, 
Hiawatha Apple. 
From O. F. Brand, Fairbault, Minnesota 1 , 
I have specimens of Hiawatha which Mr. 
Brand writes is a seedling originated at 
Foil du Lae, Wis., by a French gentleman 
named Da Nevkn. The specimens of the 
Hiawatha, as they come to me, are not of a 
high flavor, and would only rank “ very 
good” pmnologically, if they even did that; 
but Mr. Brand says that members at the 
Horticultural Meeting in February, called it 
“an excellent apple.” We, therefore, sup¬ 
pose our specimens must have been in some 
way injured before reaching us. 
Mr. Brand writes that “the original tree 
is as hardy as an oak.” The accompanying 
illustrations and description wc place on 
record for information of all fruit men; but 
out of the numbers of new seedlings being 
now introduced from tbe northwest, it is ap¬ 
parent that at some time discussions will be 
had upon their merits, and some will have 
to go to the wall. Meantime, we say, bring 
them out; and if from among a score of new 
ones one only is found of universal value, 
that one will richly repay for all the test 
trials and slight expenses incurred therewith. 
The fruit of the Hiawatha is medium, or 
below ; roundish oblate ; skin of a dull, yel¬ 
low-green, with a blush in sun at stem end ; 
inconspicuous dots, showing white or whitish 
under t he red ; stem slender; cavity deep, 
open, regular; calyx with broad segments; 
basin obscure, but with narrow, corrugated 
lines toward the calyx; flesh greenish white, 
subneid, crisp, good second-rate quality; core 
large, with broad, flat seeds. 
A New Cherry. 
In the Horticulturist for March, Henry I. 
Harris of Stanford, Lincoln Co. Kentucky, 
writes an account of a Morello cherry, 
which he thinks new because he does not 
find it specially and fully described by any 
author, and because the like is to him not 
known. It is barely possible Mi - . Harris 
has uneart hed a wonder, and we are to him 
indebted for blossoms and Specimens of bark, 
whereby and wherewith, taking all things 
into account, and remembering of years gone 
by, we opine he has brought ouL anew the 
Belle de Sccuux,or Chatenay, a small grow¬ 
ing tree, a round, deep red fruit, and one of 
the earliest of all Morellos to ripen. We 
may lift mistaken in our impression, and will 
thank Mr. Harris for some specimens of 
fruit in season. 
Hardihood oi' Siberian Crab. 
Wc have a word to say of the hardihood 
of the Siberian crab species Pyrus baccata as 
compared with that of the ordinary culti¬ 
vated apple slock Pyrm malm. Within a 
few weeks we have received from Charles 
Andrews, Marengo, 111., specimen trees of 
t he Marengo apple—a variety of the Siberian 
crab, which ware grafted upon stocks of 
seedlings from the common apple, with a 
request that we observe the fact that while 
all the roots of the Marengo which had 
sprung from the graft were sound and good, 
the roots of the original stock, i.e., that of 
the common apple, were all dead. We have 
observed, and here make record of the fact, 
with an addendum repeating our advice to 
Western tree planters, written and published 
years ago, that one of the great points rela¬ 
tive to successful culture of the apple in the 
Western States, does, must and will spring 
from the use of seedling stocks grown from 
tbe Siberian crabs. 
POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP 
PAUL AMllltK PEAR. 
Thus much for irrigation proper. There 
are. other appliances, however, that will aid 
in furnishing moisture. Drainage and stir¬ 
ring the soil, are among the great aids to tbe 
strawberry. We cannot well cultivate too 
deeply for this fruit. Like the grape, it 
wants a thoroughly porous, deep soil, not 
only for its roots to luxuriate in, or for 
healthy action, but to obtain moisture. The 
ends of the longest roots in such case reach 
beyond the effect of the drouth, and the 
fountain from below supplies a large and a 
constant amount of water. 
But the soil, in tit quality , we think has 
something to do in this case. Clay, with a 
good mixture of decayed vegetable matter, 
is, iu our experience, a retainer of moisture. 
The vegetable matter also is the proper ali¬ 
ment for this fruit, especially the Wilson. 
This plant flourishes beyond precedent in a 
rich vegetable mold. The best crop in a 
whole community we have known raised on 
a soil charged highly with sawdust, the saw¬ 
dust rotten; this on clay. The land was 
deeply spaded and kept mellow, and the 
manure retained, mostly, on top. The till¬ 
age ceased when the berry was well set. 
Straw, bright and white, was added, and 
prevented further weeds, and the sun from 
heating the ground. 
Great heat is not wanted for the straw¬ 
berry. It requires moisture and coolness —in 
a word, the weather for wheat and for grass 
is the weather for it. The white straw will 
reflect the heat, and also prevent the escape 
of moisture. The next coat, the vegetable 
mold below, is mulch, manure and soil. If 
added, thesoil is in a mellow condition deep 
down, no more is required for a good, or at 
least a fair crop. To grow berries profitably, 
we must grow them abundantly and in prime 
condition. This, irrigation (in a drouth) 
must do. 
PAUL AMBUE PEAR OUTLINE. 
about here, are found to act as a special 
manure (either in compost or by themselves,) 
on this soil for cabbage, for squash vines, 
overcoming the effect, of drought, keeping 
the vines green, and prolonging the season of 
growth, thereby increasing the ncreable pro¬ 
duct. To show the effect of the night soil 
compost, after a piece of land was dressed 
with it, a good crop of wheat was obtained ; 
the next season two crops of clover were 
cut green and sent to market, after which, 
on July 8th, the clover was plowed up and 
sweet, corn planted; rye was sown in the 
corn, and now there is on the ground as fine 
a piece of that grain as could he wished. 
It is generally managed to have a clover 
sod precede the sweet corn, which is follow¬ 
ed by potatoes, tomatoes or cabbage. It is 
also adopted as a rule, that crops which 
ripen their seed on the ground are not al¬ 
lowed to immediately succeed each other; 
with peas, beans and cucumbers, which do 
not ripen tlieir seed the ease is different. In 
the preparation of the soil for any of these 
crops no special means are taken other than 
to plow deep, and thoroughly pulverize, 
which is done without much trouble, as the 
soil suitable for gardening never bakes or 
becomes lumpy. 
It requires several seasons of manuring 
and thorough cultivation to bring a natural 
soil into a condition which can be relied on 
as being suitable to profitable produce of gar¬ 
den crops; this done, “if the season suits,” 
it. is only necessary to plant to secure suc¬ 
cess. The cucumber, which does not ripen 
its seed, being marketed green, is raised on 
tbe same piece of ground year after year; 
but it is known that to give this vegetable a 
luxurious growth, it should bo planted on a 
sod. To secure this advantage, after the 
itrbener 
MARKET GARDENING; 
Some till uk ol' It as Practised in Mon¬ 
mouth County, N. J, 
This county, according to the statistics of 
the Agricultural Bureau at Washington, may 
he considered the “Banner County" of the 
United Slates in point of productiveness. 
The peculiar fertilizing effect of its marls, 
is shown in bringing clover into laud where 
it never grew before, and where the seed had 
never been sown; and also in the quantity 
and quality of the potatoes raised there,and 
it is stated that the potato crop of Monmouth 
county regulates the price of this staple in 
New Y T ork markets. 
For a number of years the pursuit of 
trucking and fruit raising, from 
the warm nature of the soil, has 
x been successfully followed iu that 
\ part of the county bordering on 
\ the shore from Amboy to Sandy 
\ IIoolc, and from this neighborhood 
\ New York has been supplied 
\ with the choicest samples of the 
1 strawberry, the melon, and the 
l sweet potato. Within a few 
J years the business of market-gar- 
/ dening has been introduced by P. 
/ L. Corteltou of Long Island, 
/ who, by his knowledge of the art, 
/ and his disposition to impart 
/ what he knows to others, has 
wrought an important change in 
the neighborhood in which he 
resides. 
The location selected by Mr. 
Corteltou is situated near the village 
of Mattawan, on the Keyporl and Free¬ 
hold turnpike. The soil is in part a tine 
sandy loam, and by the application of 
manures and the skill of the cultivator, has 
proved itself capable of profitably produc¬ 
ing all the varieties of garden crops as well 
as wheat, rye and grass. The manures used 
are horse-manure from New York and the 
bavn-vard, slaughter-house, night-soil, fish 
ami Peruvian guano, composted with 
swamp-muck. The most economical kind 
used for the last t wo years, has been 800 
bushels of night soil, composted with twenty 
GARDEN NOTES 
Onion Maggot Remedy. 
The New England Fanner says:—“Last 
year a Montpelier, \’t., correspondent said 
that he saved his onions by removing the 
earth from the bulb with his fingers, being 
careful not to disturb the roots, while weed¬ 
ing them. A pound of copperas dissolved 
in a pailful of soft soap, and when thinned 
with water applied to the onions, is said to 
be good to keep off the maggot and to pro¬ 
mote the growth of the onions, Others 
have poured hot water from a coffee-pot 
spout upon the bulb. We have adopted 
the plan of sowing the seed in August, and 
when the onions are as large as walnuts, or 
even when smaller, pull them up, dry 
them, and the next season as soon 
as the ground will permit set them 
|h out. These are not ^troubled by the 
fUf^ worm.” 
■», Having noticed in the Rural New- 
| Yorker that information is wanted 
l respecting maggots in onions, allow 
I US me 10 sa y l *‘ At ' v ^ cr0 wc l' ve( l * n 
III Iff| C- , in New York State, our next 
IHf neighbor despaired of raising onions 
on account of tbe worm in the root. 
!|> The “old lady" thought she would 
“ try again.” And again Mr. Worm 
made his appearance. “Well,” said 
she,“ I’ll give you a warm reception.” 
So she steeped a large coffee pot full 
of pepper ten, (made of red pods,) and 
poured it, hot, along the roots. Mr. Worm 
left iu disgust, and she had as fine a lot of 
onions as you would wish to see. Another 
neighbor threw on all the suds after wash¬ 
ing, with the same effect.— Ellen. 
We have heard market gardeners say they 
had found a suds made by mixing soft soap 
and chamber lye, and allowing it to stand 
two or three weeks before using, efficient. 
Beside, it is an excellent fertilizer. 
WATER FOR STRAWBERRIES 
Last season furnished a demonstration of 
the necessity of moisture in the production 
of the strawberry. This holds good with the 
cultivated as well as the field berry. The 
rain was continuous from early spring, that 
is, showery, with intervals of sunshine. The 
ground was not saturated, but was sufficient¬ 
ly moist for all moisture-requiring plants. 
On the driest knolls the strawberries were of 
a size that we have never before seen this 
fruit attain in the same place. Rain seems 
to be necessary, not only at the ripening pe¬ 
riod, but immediately proceeding it. Last 
year was, par excellence, the berry season 
with us, and will not be forgotten. 
Shall we not take a hint from this and sec 
that our plants get the requisite water? 
Flooding lauds for field crops we. know is 
good. It benefits both by enrichment and 
by moisture. So the rains benefit the berry. 
The quality also seems to be improved, that 
is, the flavor and the richness. Such 
unctuous fruit we never tasted before, and it. 
was so clean and healthy! The season here 
was cool also, and with comparatively little 
sunshine; yet the berry was black—blacker 
than we ever knew it, at least in the shade. 
In the long grass it ripened and shone, and 
fruit was plentiful. 
Thorough watering benefits the berry in a 
IIIAWATHA APPLE. 
cucumbers are of!’, the ground is bfoken up 
and thickly sown with rye, which by plant¬ 
ing time the next spring, when plowed up, 
affiqds that kind of pabulum in which this 
vegetable delights. 
In sowing cauliflower seed in drills lbr 
raising plants to set out in July, we noticed 
that the mode of covering the seed was by 
filling up the drill with clean barren sand, or 
that having no admixture of vegetable mat¬ 
ter, which is brought to the seed bed in 
baskets for tbe purpose. The reason assigned 
is, that owing to the close-lying nature of 
this kind of sand, t he flea, which preys upon 
this tribe of plants, cannot so easily ensconce 
HIAWATHA APPLE—OUTLINE. 
Water, tlien, copiously applied, vegetable 
mold, and deep tillage, arc the main things 
to be relied on. Wc could never succeed 
with a very rich soil—made rich from the 
stables; but an abundance of leaves, chip 
manure, Ac., well mixed with the top soil, 
have acted admirably. This especially with 
the Wilson; also with the wild field berry. 
Grown in this way, there is nothing finer 
and richer in flavor than the last-named 
berry. Last year they grew plentifully, and 
showed more than ever what may be done 
with them. They were large, equal to some 
cultivated fruit. 
ImiiUrieu tor Gardener*.— L. N. writes“ Will 
some of your correspondents tell us wlmt will 
destroy the Sand Flea, that is eating all our cab¬ 
bage and turnip plants. We have tried ashes 
and lime without effect.” 
