lusbanbrn. 
II. s. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Or Cortland Village, Cortland Cocntv, New York*. 
THIRD-CLASS WOOLS. 
The Intent :iuit Adininiwtrniian of the Tariff 
ns to Wools of Third Class. 
Under this head the “Bulletin of the 
National Association of Wool Manufactur 
ers,” recently issued, (hut dated April, 1870,) 
contains the article published below. As 
the Bulletin is the official organ of the Asso¬ 
ciation, its utterances on this subject possess 
a particular interest to the wool growers of 
the country, and we therefore bespeak for it 
a heedful perusal. While we fully concur 
in many of its propositions, it contains others 
from which we dissent; and we esteem it 
our duty to put our dissent “ on the record.” 
Wc have neither space nor ability to do so 
this week; but, should health permit, will 
endeavor to present our views in the next 
issue of tiiis journal. The Bulletin says: 
The following communication has been re 
ceived at the office of the Association; 
BKr.r.ow3 Falls, Feb. 9,1870. 
Drttr Sir :—At a meeting of the Windham 
County Wool Growers’ Association, belli at 
Westminster, Vt., Feb. 7th instant, the follow¬ 
ing resolution were unanimously adopted, of 
which I transmit a copy to you In accordance 
with the direction of t lie Association, expecting 
a response without delay. 
Very trub* yours, M. W. Davis. 
1. That this Association instruct their Secre¬ 
tary to communicate with the Secretary Of the 
National Wool Manufacturers’ Association, re¬ 
questing him to forward to the Secretary of the 
Windham County Wool Growers' Association ah 
official statement of what the Committee, who 
represented the manufacturers with the wool 
growers' committee in preparing mutually a 
bill, how the tariff law of duties upon foreign 
wools, &C., understood then and now, should tin 
admitted into our ports under the third class of 
that law. 
2. By the Windham County Wool Growers' 
Association, that wool growing and manufac¬ 
turing are kindred Interests; that one cannot 
prosper while the other languishes; that the 
most friendly relations should exist between 
them, and that it Isa mutual duty to encourage, 
support and protect ouch other's interest In 
every houorahle way. 
3. That we pledge ourselves to use all of onr 
influence In the maintenance of our present 
tariff, so long as it is administered upon rho 
principles on which It was founded. 
4. That consideratile quantities of wool, suita¬ 
ble tor clothing purposes, are admitted under 
the third-class duties, paying ouly throe cents 
per pound, contrary to the mutual understand¬ 
ing ot the Joint Committee of Manufacturers 
and Wool Growers; greatly to the Injury of the 
latter, and in a measure doubly protecting the 
former. 
5. That the present is a very opportune time 
for the National Manufacturers’ Assoeiation to 
siiow their fidelity and friendship to the wool- 
growers by uniting with them in an effort to 
have our tariff construed upon the principle 
that all wools that are used for clothing pur¬ 
poses shall pay the same duties us Mu* Hi st and 
second class wools in our tariff, and that, untie 
but “carpet wools’’ should bo admitted as third 
class. M. W. Davis, Secretary. 
The object of the present article is to re¬ 
spond to the obligations of courtesy to an 
association laboring in the same general de¬ 
partment of industry as our own, and to 
correct the manifest error as to the construc¬ 
tion and actual operation of the existing 
tariff on woolens, indicated, not only in 
these resolutions, but in various articles 
which have appeared in agricultural jour¬ 
nals. The errors are: 1st, that It was the 
intent of the law, and of the agreement of 
the Joint Committee of Wool Growers and 
Manufacturers, that “ all wools that are used 
for clothing purposes shall pay the same 
duties oe the first and second class wools; 
and, 2d, that “considerable quantities of 
wool suitable for clothing purposes are ad¬ 
mitted under the third-class duties, paying 
only three cents per pound, contrary to the 
mutual understanding of the Joint Commit¬ 
tee of Manufacturers and Wool Growers, 
greatly to the injury of the latter, aud in a 
measure doubly protecting the former.” 
Before commenting upon these points, we 
would give our hearty and grateful response 
to the sentiment of the first resolution of 
the Windham County Wool Growers’ reso¬ 
lutions;—“That wool growing and manu¬ 
facturing are kindred interests; that one 
cannot prosper while the other languishes; 
that the most friendly relations exist between 
them; and that it is a mutual duty to en¬ 
courage, support, and protect each other’s 
interest in every honorable way.” 
It was this sentiment which inspired and 
guided the Joint Committee in their memo¬ 
rable deliberations, and enabled them to re¬ 
commend a system which is probably the 
most complete practical adjustment of the 
harmony of industrial interests which is to 
be found in the history of our legislation. 
^ Ulx that recommendation for legislation, 
the functions of the Joint Committee ceased. 
Their views as to the intent of the laws, 
passed at their suggestion, are entitled to no 
more consideration than those of the most 
indifferent person. Every one familiar with 
the legal principles of the construction of 
statutes knows that the intent or meaning 
ol a statute is generally and properly to be 
sought from the body of the act itself. It 
is only when the words arc not explicit that 
the intention is to be taken from the context, 
hom the occasion and necessity of the law, 
bom the mischief felt, and the objects and 
remedy in view. Under no circumstances 
is the intent of the laws to lie sought from 
the views or purposes of individuals outside 
of the Legislature, however active they may 
have been in influencing the legislation in 
question. Thus there is no propriety in ap¬ 
pealing to members of the Joint Committee, 
who influenced the legislation on the -wool 
tariff, to ascertain what they understood 
should be the intent of the law recommended 
by them. The law must stand as interpreted 
by the officers of the laws, as the Secretary 
of the Treasury, for instance, or the courts. 
It is another question, however, whether 
efforts should not be made to repeal or 
amend the law, if it is not in accordance 
with the agreement of the Joint Committee 
of Wool Growers aud Manufacturers. The 
act which establishes the present wool tariff 
is the matured result of a primary agree¬ 
ment formally signed by the members of the 
Joint Committee, and contained in their 
joint report. It is freely admitted that if the 
existing wool tariff does not conform to that 
primary agreement it should he amended. 
For this reason the Manufacturers’ Associa¬ 
tion held itself under obligations not to resist 
the skin woo! amendment now pending. As 
in statutes we cannot seek for their interpre¬ 
tation outside of the statute itself, so when 
parties have entered into an agreement in 
writing, their intentions, if the language of 
tbo agreement is not ambiguous, are to be 
drawn only from the written agreement. It 
would be preposterous for any member of 
the Committee making the agreement, or its 
secretary, to say what the understanding of 
the Committee was, when that understand¬ 
ing is clearly expressed in the written agree¬ 
ment. This agreement was as follows: 
A provision to bo inserted in the tariff laws ro¬ 
ll irintrail wools now known ns Mestizo, Afostiz, 
Jape nnrl Austrnliiui wools to bo subjected to a 
duty of not less Hum tea cc-nls per pound, and 
ton cents <ul valorem,' said provision to ho so 
worded us moat effectually to prevent these ami 
similar wools from beinif admitted at a loss rate 
ot duty; the rates ol' duty nn nil oilier wools to 
remain as they now me, with the exception ot' 
wools tlm growth of Canada, which, In the ab¬ 
sence of treaty stipulations, shall he subjected 
to a duty of (blank) cents per pound. 
This agreement, it will he seen, attempts 
no classification of wools according to the 
purposes for which they are adapted. The 
first part of the section clearly relates to 
wools of Merino blood only, this being the 
characteristic type of all the wools men¬ 
tioned. There is nothing In tills agreement 
by which it can be remotely inferred thaloK 
wools, suitable for clothing purposes, were 
to.be subjected to the increased duty, and 
that none but carpet wools should remain in 
the class upon which the duty was not to be 
increased. 
The wool tariff itself—which we give in a 
note, that the text may be before our rend¬ 
ers—by which this agreement was sought to 
be carried out, classifies the wools only par¬ 
tially, according to the purposes for which 
they are adapted; and where it has reference 
to use of the wool, it considers only the prin¬ 
cipal use. The principal means of deter¬ 
mining the classes from which the Secre¬ 
tary of the Treasury is to direct the selec¬ 
tion of samples are the blood, and the coun¬ 
tries from which the wools have been here¬ 
tofore usually imported, the countries being 
designated to throw light upon the charac¬ 
ter of the wools. The designation of the 
names of the classes, such as “clothing 
wool,” “combing wool,” “carpet and other 
similar wools,” is subordinate to the other 
terms of the act defining the wools in each 
class. Thus, the Merino wools of the first 
class are largely used for stuff goods which 
are clearly distinct from clothing purposes, 
and are very largely combed; but they prop¬ 
erly receive their designation of clothing 
wools from their principal purpose. Comb¬ 
ing wools arc largely used for carpets, all 
the whites in Brussels carpets being made of 
Canada or combing wools, of English blood, 
generally constituting not. less than a fiflh 
part ot the fabric. But this use docs not 
make them properly carpet wools. No one 
has ever pretended that the wools of the 
third class—“ carpet and other similar wools” 
—the term “ carpet” being only the principal 
designation, implying, as in the fact, the 
most important use. It was well known 
when the bill was under consideration, that 
these wools arc used, to a considerable ex¬ 
tent, for blankets. The Executive Commit¬ 
tee of the manufacturers, in their published 
statement to the Revenue Commission, sub¬ 
mitted with the proposed bill say of blaitk- 
ets; “ The highest priced American blank¬ 
ets, being made of clothing wool, will have 
the highest specific duty—the lower priced 
blankets being composed, more or less, of 
wool paying the lower duty, will have cor¬ 
respondingly diminished specific duties.” If 
all wools, “ suitable for clothing purposes,” or 
used for clothing purposes, were to be in¬ 
cluded in the first class, all would be ab¬ 
sorbed. This was the primary use of ail 
wools. All can be spun and woven into 
cloth. The wools of Merino blood, and the 
the down clothing wools, are principally 
and most advantageously used for cloths. 
The combing aud the carpet and similar 
wools are principally and most advantage¬ 
ously used for other purposes. The name 
of the class designates only the most charac¬ 
teristic use, just us the names shepherd dog, 
pointer, or blood-hound, points oat the char¬ 
acteristic qualities of these animals, though 
all may be watch-dogs. 
It is an error that considerable quantities 
of wool, suitable for clothing purposes, of so 
large an amount as to greatly injure the 
American wool-growers, are admitted under 
the third class, paying only three cents per 
pound. This is impossible, except with 
gross negligence, or fraudulent connivance, 
on the part of the custom-house officers, 
under the system provided for determining 
the classes to which imported wools belong. 
The law provides that distinctive or stand¬ 
ard samples, prepared under the direction of 
the Secretary of the Treasury, deposited in 
the custom-house, shall he used by the pro¬ 
per officers of the customs to determine the 
classes to which all wools belong. This sys¬ 
tem, not conceived by either manufacturers 
or wool-growers, was suggested by a mem¬ 
ber of the Revenue Commission, Mr, Col- 
wei.d, the idea having been suggested to 
him by the use of samples in classifying su¬ 
gars. The whole series of standard samples, 
originally prepared by Mr. Bono, were re¬ 
vised and reclassified, in certain particulars, 
to meet the objections of the wool-growers, 
and finally unanimously approved by com¬ 
mittees of wool-growers and manufacturers. 
The President of the National Wool-Grow¬ 
ers’ Association says, in May, 1869, of this 
classification; “ Its execution was rendered 
peculiarly easy and unsubject to mistakes 
by the employment of tlie standard samples, 
llien first provided for in our wool tariffs. 
By permission of the Department, commit¬ 
tees of the National Wool-Growers’ Associa¬ 
tion examined the wool-appraisers’ depart¬ 
ments in the New York and Boston custom¬ 
houses, in 1807 and 1808. They compared 
the samples of all tho invoices which bad 
been passed with the standard samples, not¬ 
ing the duties levied in each case, and they 
came to the conclusion that the appraisers 
had correctly discharged their duly, and 
that the law hail been faithfully executed.” 
Subsequently to this examination, the 
opinion of the Secretary of the Treasury was 
promulgated, asserting, as it seems to us, 
gratuitously and extra-judicially, that the 
theory of the classification of the wool tariff 
“agreed to” was by race or blood. The 
views of the Secretary were earnestly com¬ 
bated by the President of the National Wool 
Growers' Association, and defended by Mr. 
Bono. Upon a careful examination of the 
correspondence, published in the Bulletin of 
July, 18G9, we arc led irresistibly to t he con¬ 
clusion that the views of Mr. Ran data, are 
correct, and that the theory of the Secretary 
of the Treasury is not sustained by t he stat¬ 
ute, or the facts of agreement alleged by liim. 
Although heartily commending the vigi¬ 
lance of the wool growers, that the eflicacy 
of the wool tariff should not he dest royed by 
departmental decisions, we are confident 
that the objectionable opinion of the Secre¬ 
tary of the Treasury can practically work no 
injury to the wool growers. It is tho duty 
of the Custom-IIouse officers to classify the 
wools according to the standards of Chirac- 
ter, irrespective of any theory. The stan¬ 
dards are believed to be sufficient for the 
general application of the laws. If any arc 
deficient, they can bo supplied under the sti- 
lervision of committees of wool growers and 
manufacturers, as before. It is clearly the 
duty of the Secretary to provide samples, if 
any are deficient, as these, and not his the¬ 
ories of classification, arc made by the law 
the sole guides to govern the appraisers in 
classifying imported wools. The agitation 
of this question, instead of enlarging any of 
the classes, it is believed, has had the effect 
to lead the appraisers, if possible, to greater 
care in conforming to llu; samples. The ap¬ 
praiser at Boston, Mr. Rice, has preserved 
samples of every lol of wool ■which has 
passed through the custom - house at that 
port during the last year, and is eager to 
have his work verified or criticised by wool 
growers and manufacturers. 
A conclusive proof that the clothing man¬ 
ufacturers do not derive the undue benefit 
from the classification, ns practically made, 
which the resolution of the Windham Conn 
ty Wool Growers’ Association implies, is 
the complaints which cloth manufacturers 
make of the discrimination of the wool tariff 
against (hecloth manufacturer. The thirty- 
four cloth manufacturers, in tiie notable 
Rhode Island Memorial, assert that the pres¬ 
ent wool tariff was made in the interests, 
principally, of the carpet aud blanket mak¬ 
ers. No one doubts flint the latter pay the 
full duty upon these wools. If the operation 
of the third class were to admit clothing 
wools to any considerable extent, at the 
three cents duty, while the cloth maker gets 
a specific duty on his cloth of fifty cents per 
pound, based upon the erroneous supposition 
that the cloth maker pays the full duty of 
ten cents, and eleven per cent, ad valorem, 
is it likely that the latter would complain of 
the wool tariff? The manufacturers, who 
defend the wool tariff, are assailed at the 
same moment on diametrically opposite 
grounds —by the wool growers, that, the 
cloth makers are unduly protected; by the 
cloth makers, that the carpet makers have 
undue advantages. These opposite charges 
neutralize each other; and, by the principle 
of the resolution of forces, the position of the 
defenders of the tariff, as it is, is made the 
only upright one. 
We have deemed that the most convincing 
proof of our position, that the wools im¬ 
ported us carpet aud similar wools are what 
they purport to be, would be to place before 
our readers a detailed statement of the quan¬ 
tities of wools of the third class imported, 
during the last year, into the port of Boston, 
with the names of the countries where they 
originated. We would ask our readers, who 
have any doubts of the posit ion, to mark the 
places of production on a map of the world, 
and observe the fact, that, with scarcely an 
exception, the origin of these wools is In 
countries designated, in the wool tariff, as 
those from which “carpet and other similar 
wools” arc usually imported. Any one 
familiar with the geographical sources of 
wools will perceive, by a glance at tho fol¬ 
lowing statement, that it is impossible that 
any considerable quantities of clothing wools 
could have been imported from the countries 
mentioned. 
Before introducing this statement, how¬ 
ever, we would call attention to some other 
important facts tending to sustain our posi¬ 
tion, that “carpet and similar wools” im¬ 
ported into Ibis country are used exclusively 
for the purposes intended by the law. Wc 
are informed by the appraiser at Boston, Mr. 
Rice, and the ngeut of the mills hereafter re¬ 
ferred to, that two of the carpet mills, who 
are the largest consumers of tbo wools of t he 
third class, one of them, the Lowell Manu¬ 
facturing Company, consuming nearly onc- 
fifth of the whole importation, at the request 
of the appraiser, Mr. Rice, had an inspec¬ 
tion made by experienced sorters of the 
stocks of imported wools in their wool- 
houses, to determine the amount of cloth¬ 
ing wools which they contained ; and 
that this inspection established the fact 
that their stocks did not. contain more 
than one per cent, of clothing wools,— 
not enough to pay for sorting, in fact all 
the wools bought by llicso two establish¬ 
ments are used exclusively for carpets, not a 
pound of the wools bought or Imported ns 
carpet wools having been used or sold for 
other purposes. This fact is tho more re¬ 
markable and conclusive since the Lowell 
Manufacturing Company alone imports and 
uses not less than sue million pounds of wool 
per year, and the purchases arc made often 
by full cargoes, and usually in large lots. 
The second fact is, that the largest importers 
of South American wools, IIemknway & 
Co. of Boston, have given orders to their 
agents in South America to allow no mix¬ 
ture of clothing wools with the wools of the 
third class bought on their account. Final¬ 
ly, the increase of the carpet manufacture in 
this country fully accounts for the increased 
importation of these wools. The great in¬ 
crease is in the manufacture of ingrain car¬ 
pets. used principally by consumers of mod¬ 
erate means; for no feature of American 
domestic life is more noticeable than the 
universal use of carpets, even in tho hum¬ 
blest homes. Mr. Myers, m his effective 
speech in the House of Representatives, as¬ 
serts that seven thousand persons art; now 
employed in the city of Philadelphia alone 
in the manufacture of these carpets upon 
hand-looms, and that they use only imported 
wool. The Industrial Protector, published 
at Philadelphia, gives from facts furnished 
by a former Secretary of the Carpet-Weavers’ 
Association of Great Britain the statement, 
that there are in Philadelphia between 4,000 
and 5,000 hand-looms engaged ou ingrain, 
Dutch, and Venetian carpets, about nine- 
tenths of which are working on ingrains; 
and that the productive power in the United 
Stales is 5,200 hand-looms, and 800 power- 
looms, equal to 2,000 hand-looms, making a 
total productive power of 7,200 hand-looms; 
while the total productive power of England 
is only 2,100 hand-looms. With tUu vast 
consumption of wools of the third class, im¬ 
plied in these figures, t here is no necessity of 
resorting to tlm theory of the consumption 
of these wools for clothing purposes to ac¬ 
count for their large importation. 
(Here follows a tabular statement of wools 
of third class imported into Boston in the 
year 1809, which wo have not space to hiy 
before our readers.] 
+»♦-- 
WOOL SHEARING. 
Skaneatet.es, N. Y., 
Henry S. Randall 
tlie record of our annual 
Skaneateles, on Hie 4lli 
test will be made with a 
were put in the hands of a 
Any noteworthy results 
cated in due time. 
Respectfully, 
6tli mo., 10th, 1870. 
-The following is 
shearing, held at 
inst. A scouring 
few lleeces, which 
proper Committee, 
will ba communi- 
C. B. Thomas, 
Exhibitors. 
Description of 
Sheep. 
> 
n 
<t> 
* 
Wt. of carcass. 
J. Horatio Kuril... 
Mer. Ram 
y’rs. 
II)S. 
UK 
do. do. ... 
do. 
1 
108 
do. do. ... 
Mer. Kwo 
3 
as 
rlo. do. 
do. 
3 
100 
Georxe H- ciurit... 
Mer. Ram 
5 
108 
do. do. ... 
do. 
3 
111 
do. do, ... 
do. 
1 
80 
do. do, ... 
do. 
l 
72 
L. A. Sweet. 
Mer. Ewe 
2 
7ti 
do. do . 
do. 
2 
M 
C. n. Thorne. 
Tex’l Ewe 
1 
90 
do. do, .. 
do. 
l 
164 
Jedediah Smith... 
Mer. Ram 
1 
94 
a 
o 
9 
s 
> 
CTQ 
O 
a 
a 
o 
ht fficrbsimm. 
SALE OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE. 
Thinking that you might be interested in 
hearing from this section occasionally, I 
report tho following sale of Short-Horn cat¬ 
tle, made this day by Mr. J. II. Davis, at 
“ Chesterfield,” stock farm, Boyle Co., Ky.: 
Cows and Heifers. —“ Rmvcna” sold to W. 
B. Cecil, $11J; “Beauty” to Win. Baugh¬ 
man, $127.50 ; “ Kitty Clyde, 2d ” to W. A 
Busier, $113; “Fancy” to J. N. Prewit 
$95; “Lucretia 4th,” to W. W. Handy, 
$185; “Jessamine 5th,” to J. A. Lytle, 
$127 : “ Red Rhea ” to A. M. Fielding, $146: 
“ Emma Ann ” to M. II. Tevis, $93; “ Kitty 
Clyde 8d,” to D. B. Bowman, $250; “Ca¬ 
milla” to L. W. Hudson, $85 ; “Jessamine 
7th” to C. J. Spillman, $71; “Florence” 
to G. A. Lackey, $160 j “ Willia B. 2d ” to A. 
M. Fielding, $140: “Jessamine 8th ” to do., 
$48; “Amanda 2d "to R. E. Coleman, $116; 
“Do. 3d” to W. W. Handy,$140; “Beauty 
2d" to A. Cohen, $140; “Fancy 2d” to 
Okas. Dunn, $63; " Do. 3d” to J. A. Lytle, 
$49; “Perfection 2d” to W. B. Cecil, $60. 
Bulls .—“Volunteer” to W. W. Handy, 
$80; “Starlight” to Sam. Baughman, $79; 
“ Wisconsin 2d ” to Tho. Floyd, $98 : “ Milo” 
to D. B. Bowman, $105; “ Young Crescent” 
to H. B, Bosley, $111; “Barmpton” to C. 
Vandiver, $114; "Red Oak” to Win. A. 
Adkison, $115; “Snow Ball" to A. Mc- 
ivinny, $11. Total twenty-eight, head, $3,- 
086.50. Berkshire hogs sold from $20 to 
$60. J. B. T., JR. 
Danville, Ky., June 14,1870. 
-♦♦♦- 
NOTES FOR HERDSMEN. 
Ib-oz days. 
20,13 | ;wt; 
23.9 
17.0 
19.7 
15.11 
10. 
10.0 
12.12 
10.H 
ll.l 
8,2 
9.0 
10.10 
;t;i 
871 
271 
371 
371 
300 
300 
371 
Cows Poisoned with Potato Sprouts. 
“Veterinarian,” In the Chicago Tri¬ 
bune, June 8th, says:—“A few days ago 1 
was called to two sick milch cows in one 
stable. The principal morbid features ob¬ 
served were;—A low temperature on the 
whole body, pale mucous membranes, glaring 
eyes, failing appetite, ceasing of the secre¬ 
tion of the milk, general debility and pro¬ 
fuse diarrhoea, the faeces being watery. 
These cows had been fed with potatoes, 
which had germinated or sprouted to some 
extent. As the most careful examination 
revealed no other cause, I have no doubt 
that the cows in question have been poisoned 
with ftolanin, the principle or alkaloid con¬ 
tained, ns is well known, in many parts of 
all those plants which belong to the large 
family of Solaneae. Our potato, Solan um 
tuberosum , L., belongs u> that family, and 
contains the poisonous principle, ‘ solania,’ 
ill the germs or sprouts, in (he stalks, and 
In the unripe berries, though the potatoes 
themselves arc perfectly free from it. Very 
long sprouts seem to he not as poisonous as 
short and young ones. Therefore, I wish to 
caution everyone, who may be induced by 
the at present low price of potatoes to feed 
them to cattle or oilier animals, against 
doing so before the sprouts have been re¬ 
moved.” 
Character of Good Milk Cows. 
An experimenter, M. Da.mel, thinks he 
can prove that the more water cows drink, 
t,lic more milk they give, which is not sur¬ 
prising; that on this account it is a good 
plan to moisten their dry food, and to give 
them salt, in order to excite them to drink 
as much as possible. In mixing from 20 to 
25 litres of water xvitli its food every day, a 
cow does not fail,according to this observer, 
to drink as usual. If it does not take in all 
more than 30 litres of water, it, can give only 
from 6 to 8 Hires a day; it it, absorbs 60, it 
will give from 20 to 21 litres of milk. 
Another character is furnished by the 
veins. If the veins are large, flexible, and 
varicose around the udder, it indicates that 
the beasts receive much blood, and, conse¬ 
quently, that their functions are active, and 
that the milk is abundant. Of all the signs 
of an abundant secretion, tbo veins of the 
udder and perinamm are the best; indeed, 
the only infallible ones. Scarcely apparent 
in the young animal, they are of a consider¬ 
able size when, after several gestations, the 
action of milking lias given the gland all its 
development. It is then that they present 
the knotted appearance which characterizes 
very good milkers. Tlie attentive pupil and 
good observer need not then want Charac¬ 
teristic signs which point out to him good 
milkers, and which indicate what calves he 
ought to rear. 
A Larne Calf. 
IT. Palmer of Sheldrake, Seneca Co., N. 
Y., writes he lias a cow that dropped a calf 
that weighed one hundred and twenty-six 
(126) pounds when thirty-six (36) hours old, 
The cow is one-eighth Durham, and is five 
years old, and, with the calf, may be seen at 
bis farm. 
Work nn TIi urn null-bred Cattle. 
J. T. It., Frederick City, Md., asks where 
be can procure a work on thorough-bred 
cattle, embracing the origin and points of 
the same. By remitting $2.50 to D. D. 'I'. 
Moore, 41 Park Row, N. Y. City, for Al¬ 
len’s American Cattle. 
