~ 
inufa. (S.l.oo PER YEAR 
jlLUL.t. ) .single No., Eight C( 
NEW YORK CITY AND ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
nwTnr'a. )•*< Park Row, New York. 
ulilULa . (82 HulTalo St., Hocliegter. 
VOL XXII. NO. 5. 
FOR THE WEEK ENOING SATURDAY, JURY 30, 1370. 
WHORE NO. 1071. 
tEntered according to Aet of Congress, in the y our 1S70 . by D. 1>. T. MOOitB in the Clerk’s Offiee*or the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.] 
which had been cropped forty years in suc¬ 
cession, thirty loads of cane, weighing 
60,000 pounds, were taken from ait aero ot 
ground in 1867, when the plant contained 
less than the average of saccharine matter. 
After passing between the rollers of the 
grinding mill these 60,000 pounds of cane 
were converted into 48,000 pounds of juice, 
and 12,000 pounds of bagasse crushed so dry 
as to readily burn in the sugar house fur- 
of the yearly crop induces compliance with 
the contract upon the part of the laborer, 
securing his services for the whole year with 
an amount of tabor equal to that of any por¬ 
tion of the North. The labor is usually 
divided into three classes, and known as 
first,second, and third-class hands,generally 
receiving ten, fifteen, and twenty dollars per 
month — on most of the plantations averag¬ 
ing about fifteen dollars. 
so successfully applied to the manufacture ot 
beet sugar, ami in which llm cam's would 
have to ho reduced to a pulp instead of being 
crushed between iron rollers, it is claimed 
all of the sugar can hoextracted. Many ex¬ 
periments arc now being conducted upon 
this ami other processes for manufacturing 
sugar. Can a larger or more profitable field 
bo found for inventive genius, or one so sure 
of .i'ist rewards? And still If. with the pres- 
sort now. But if von are industrious and 
virtuous, come; your merits will soon be 
found out, and then a thousand and one ave¬ 
nues arc open to you, where a fortune can 
soon be made. 
A farmer can live ns cheaply here as any¬ 
where. There are thousands of acres of 
land lying out, where cattle keep fat all sum¬ 
mer, and live, after a fashion, all winter. In 
winter, however, they should he fed, but we 
are all too careless in this respect, 
taking no care (or next to none) of 
either cattle or hogs; and from llie 
time crops are “laycd by” until 
plowing time comes, many of our 
mules share the same fate. i,. 
West Alabama, July, 1870. 
Remarks.— Wo call the especial 
attention of young men to what our 
~ _ correspondent says of the import- 
^ ance of a Northern man being tem- 
^— perate and industrious. Not long 
; -• since a young man from the North, 
who has spent several years South, 
it i'S farming, called upon us, and said 
that, his success was due lo the fact 
iMm/ji Unit •>« worked hard, minded life 
l mj&j'i own business, and $nmk vo liquor. 
lie said:—“I soon found I could 
ganb Department 
PACTS ABOUT LOUISIANA 
BY A. N. WALLACE. 
Requests front the Northern States and 
Europe, for information regarding the Agri¬ 
cultural and Commercial Staples and other 
products, and characterislioa of the 
State of Louisiana, lmve increased 
so largely with the expanding in¬ 
terests involved in the Sugar, Cotton 
and Rice trade, in connection with 
the prospects for purchasing lands 
and beautiful homes, and the in¬ 
troduction of emigrants, that a brief -§== 
review of prominent facts and con¬ 
siderations may prove interesting 
to the readers of the Rural New- 
Yorker. 
T’he great Mississippi, rising near 
the uppermost limit of our country, 
traversing in its course over four 
thousand miles through the most 
fertile portion of our vast domain, J 
finally washes the soil of Louisiana 
u' dv isnre of eight hundred miles, 
and has for ages past been bring- 
ing down with its mighty current ^—3 
the soil of which eight millions ol 
its acres are composed, gathered by 
a thousand minor streams from ten 
thousand different hills of varied 
formation—making a compost, which sur¬ 
passes any soil in the world iu its natural 
fertility, and in the genial atmosphere of its 
climate, willing to honor all drafts made 
upon its bounty. 
Tli« PonIiIoii of I lie State 
favors the cultivation of nearly every valua¬ 
ble commercial product of the Continent, 
and its facilities for inland aud foreign trade 
offer advantages unsurpassed by those of any 
country in the world. It should also be 
borne in mind that Louisiana is not a new 
and undeveloped country a thousand miles 
from Hie seaboard; with the cost of produ¬ 
cing two bushels of grain to transport one 
to the consumer, but a region possessed of 
towns aud cities, schools and churches, rail¬ 
roads and great lines of water transporta¬ 
tion—the gateway through which half the 
products of the Continent must pass,—and 
yet the cheap and fertile lands of the State, 
oiler all the advantages of a new country. 
The f!n ho Hinrar Product. 
The fact that nine-tenths of the cane sugar 
produced in the United States must, of ne¬ 
cessity, come front Louisiana, and that, the 
State has cnougl^sugar lands advantageously 
situated, and of rare fertility, to meet, when 
properly worked, nearly the world’s de¬ 
mand, renders its sugar culture interest of 
vast importance to the country. The pre¬ 
ference given to Louisiana sugar, and the 
political disturbances in Cuba, whence the 
world’s markets have formerly derived nearly 
one-third of their supply, are having great in- 
Uuencc on the product, and greatly stimulat¬ 
ing the production of the staple. All that 
portion of the State south of the 31st degree 
of north latitude, or about, one-half, em¬ 
braces what is known as the sugar district, 
although it is profitably grown in many in¬ 
stances north of that, with a varying capa¬ 
city to produce from one to two hogsheads of 
sugar, and two to four barrels of molasses 
per acre. Iu 171)2 Stephen Bore, finding 
bis indigo crop a faiiurc for three successive 
years, determined lo try the cultivation of 
the cane, fits friends protested against this 
seeming folly of an almost ruined man ; but 
the attempt proved a success, and through 
his efforts one of the most productive 
vin;w on’ wuG-xUt i^XjAjstilvi ion', loulsianw 
Particular Advantage- of Sueur Culm re. 
The sugarcane is as little liable to disease, 
or in jury from insects,and ordinary accidents, 
as any crop produced in the country. As 
the crop is laid by iu June or July, ami thus 
remains until October or later, it exempts 
the laborer from exposure, giving hint Lime 
to harvest his com crop and prepare for 
grinding and such other work as may be 
necessary. It cun be carried on by co¬ 
operative associations, like the dairy busi¬ 
ness of New York, the sugar houses, like the 
obcesu factories, working up tlio products of 
the surrounding country, producing n finer 
article for market with loss expense and 
greater returns to the planter. Sugar produc¬ 
ing being at the same lime an agricultural 
and manufacturing business on a large scale, 
machinery can and will be successfully ap¬ 
plied to the cultivation of the cane In future. 
The steam plow has already been success¬ 
fully introduced, working to a depth of 
twenty inches, and a capacity of twelve 
acres per day; and we aie assured by a 
Northern planter, settled on the Bayou 
Teehe, that, by means of improved imple¬ 
ments and some simple contrivances of his 
own, he lias greatly cheapened the cost of 
cultivation. 
It has been ascertained by analysis that 
the sugar cane of Louisiana contains 14% 
per cent, of sugar, two-fifths of which is 
thrown away in the bagasse^ or what is left of 
the canes after they are pressed between Hie 
rollers of the sugar mill, and on most plan¬ 
tations used for fuel. The bagasse from the 
canes required lo make a hogshead of sugar, 
is equivalent to half a cord of wood, when 
used as fuel, and can be made to produce 
seventy gallons of spirits. Air. Biunoieu, 
one of the most experienced and scientific 
sugar producers, says that the skimmlngs 
from the juice required for 1,000 pounds of 
sugar, are equal to eighty pounds of sugar. 
Could this refuse, now thrown away, have 
been utilized the past season, or worked as 
closely as in the manufacture of maple sugar 
or cheese in the State of New York, there 
would have been six hundred hogsheads 
more produced, or an amount to the value 
of $75,000. And again, by chemical analysis, 
it is demonstrated that the product of mo¬ 
lasses, which is now about severity gallons 
to the hogshead, is the result of a defective 
process of manufacture, and should not 
amount to one-twelfth of the sugar. 
By the method of diffusion, which lute been 
mice. The product of tbc 48,000 pounds of 
juice was 1,050 pounds of sugar. 
Facta and Fisrures. 
A gentleman of the Parish of St. Landry 
writes under date of January 5tli, 1809:— 
“ The following is a correct statement of my 
crop:” 
Ninety-two acres of plant cano and 83 acres 
of corn, cultivated l>y 12 men, produced lit!? 
hogshead sugar, 341 barrels molasses, and 1,000 
bushels of corn. W c ground V4 acres of cane, 
and sold 3 acr es for planting for $1,000. The 73 
acres of cane produced 103 hogshead sugar, 
weiidling 218,000 pounds; 341 barrets molasses, 
14,333 gallons, averaging, per acre, 3,039 pounds 
sugar, and 300 gallons molasses. 
Net proceeds from the above, inclu¬ 
ding the 3 acres of cane. $32,331 18 
EXPENSES. 
For cultivating the crop.$1,335 00 
For Inking olV the same _ 1,55131 
For pork iu lieu of wages_ 663 00 
Sugar hogsheads, molasses 
barrels, repairs to sugar 
house, and other expenses.. 3,500 00 
$6,938 31 
WHAT CORRESPONDENTS SAY. 
PIG-PEN PARAGRAPHS. 
IticliucMM ut Soiv'ii itlilk. 
Once a Week lma the following:— 
“Everybody knows the value of milk as 
liquid food for the young and weak; but 
everybody does not know that of all milks, 
that from the bow is Hie richest and most 
nutritious. It contains fifty per cent, more 
of solid constituents, such as butter, cheesy 
matter, and sugar, than docs the lacteal pro¬ 
duce of the cow. This is shown in a recent 
analysis by Professor Cameron, of Dublin, 
tic appears to ho only the second chemist 
who has examined the secretion. Curiously, 
the sow’s is generally absent from lists of 
milk analyst s ; tin- reasons, doubtless, being 
the difficulty of securing specimens. Your 
porcine mother strenuously resists Hie ap¬ 
peals of the fairest Of milkmaids, beauty 
cannot induce nor dexterity compel her to 
yield a drop of her offspring’s legitimate 
food, even for the benefit of science. So, 
unless these scruples can he overcome, there 
is little chance of the rich diet coming to 
market.” 
Lice on Hogs. 
In answer to a recent, inquiry in the 
Rural New-Yorker for a remedy for lice 
on hogs, allow me to say that 1 have had an 
experience of twelve years with breeding 
hogs. The past five years I have used the 
following, which will clean off the lice in 
two days: — Put about, one gill of kerosene 
oil in any old dish, and with a paint brush 
or old woolen rag rub the oil up and down 
the back of thu animal and behind the fore 
leg aud on the flank. Be particular about 
the last, two places, for it is where the lice 
deposit their eggs, which, if not destroyed 
will hatch out in about five days. If it be 
a black hog, these eggs can ho plainly seen, 
being about tho size of timothy seed and 
laying close to the skill fast to the hair. No 
one need fear to use the oil freely, as it will 
not injure the hog in the least. Hot water 
will not kill these lice, for I have seen them 
crawl after the bog had been scalded in a 
barrel after being butchered.— R. Woodruff. 
We consumed in making the sugar 660 cords 
of arum wood. Tn taking off tho crop wo hired 
30 extra hands, whose wages are included in the 
above. 
Number of days cutting (.'tine. 43 
Number of days grinding. 31 
Total capital invested. $40,000 
The following table shows the yearly and 
total product of a sugar plantation near 
Donaldsonville, of about 1,200 acres, 700 to 
800 in cultivation, for 17 years, including 
the four years of war, in which the work¬ 
ing of the place was very much interrupted: 
Proceptla of $U" 9 f 
•m* Rhda, Sugar* anti MmUhsiu. 
ted. 572 *33,107,33 
tea. 030 33.5S0.50 
te>5... 425 40,016.70 
tejO...Sugar crop a lota I failure in Louisiana. 
te>7. 570 42.03X.-W 
te5«.1,002 90.7I2.U4 
te%. 619 5tl.iNl.3t 
I860. 453 37.814.57 
tea. 527 37.40ti.fN 
tejjjT . 130 15,507.39 
. 280 44,395.60 
. 73 20.838.24 
te.6. 243,(197.02 
M. g}I 40,1100.00 
teOO..—. 430 71,760.00 
17 Years.—Total.0,154 $041,878.07 
* In the beginning or October a large, flno crop on 
tho Helds, but was nearly all lost by the stampede of 
the negroes. 
+ Nearly all the serviceable negroes seized for mili¬ 
tary use. 
4 Rest of able-bodied negroes pressed by General 
Banks for military purposes, &e. 
The Present Labor System 
lias adjusted itself to the changed condition 
o'/ affairs, and is proving equally as reliable 
as at the North. Tlic custom of withhold¬ 
ing one-half the wages until the completion 
