“PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
EU11AL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
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Commencing with July and January. 
D. D. T. IYIOORE, 
Conducting Editor and Proprietor. 
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SATURDAY, JULY iJO, 1870. 
POLITICAL TRIMMING. 
It Is humiliating hut if is profitable to watch 
the political barometer. It is humiliating be¬ 
cause one quickly Icarus that political success Is 
found todepoml rather upon the direction given 
to the pussious und prejudices of the people 
tliau upon their intelligent, comprehension of the 
duties, responsibilities and privileges of Ameri¬ 
can citizenship. To create issues which will 
quicken the prejudices and arouse the passions 
of the greatest number of voters seems to be 
t he aimof the leaders of political parties to-day. 
Political trimmers sustain the same relation to 
a political party that ballast rollers do to a 
steamboat. 
For instance, we have some examples of which 
we may speak in a general way. No politician 
of either party dares denounce the Fenian mob 
which recently rushed into Canada. Why? be¬ 
cause it represents a large class of voters. The 
Administration which captured and punished its 
leader, is frnportuned to pardon him by the po¬ 
litical t rimmers of one party, while those of the 
other party contributed money to get. the delud¬ 
ed rank und lllo homo to their old voting places. 
Again, tio sooner Is thu colored man invested 
with the right of suffrage than the ballast of po¬ 
litical discretion rolls this way und that, each 
parly perspiring with political prudence in the 
effort to secure a right balance of power. No 
longer is this class available to nwukcu the 
prejudices of any other class. No longer are 
these new citizens in danger from the aroused 
passions of a mob of voters. They have becomo 
the peers, in the politicians’ eyes, of the men 
whom they once encouraged to taunt, hang and 
shoot them. They are voters; and a vote is worth 
more to the politician than the life of a man 
who cannot vote. 
Again, the Chinese element is introduced. 
Here is a grand opportunity for both parties. 
The Chinese are not voters. They -are poor, 
powerless (polltioally) devils, with long horns of 
industry, with which they will toss the laboring 
voting classes out of employment, and send St. 
Crispin, and all his related voting Saints, to the 
poor-house, in short, this unassuming, pig-luil 
Chlnamau, with his industry and frugality, Is 
chosen by both parties us the hobby to be ridden 
to the deal.lt, in order that Passion and Preju¬ 
dice may become Political Enthusiasm. They 
would have these Suinis who vote, forget that 
this prescript ion of John Chinaman has its birth 
in the same spirit which proscribed the foreign 
element n few years since. 
The last phase of political prudence is the 
adoption ol' partisan resolutions by political 
trimmers, expressing sympathy with Prussia in 
tho impending struggle. The German clement 
of this country is enthusiastically Prussian in its 
sympathy. Ho the party which places itself first 
and most completely imuccord with the passions 
and prejudices aroused by ihe difficulties be¬ 
tween France and Prussia, is likely to win more 
of tho German votes. France contributes few 
voters to either of tho political parties of this 
country; hence France is on tho same plane, in 
the eyes of political prudence, with John Clii- 
namau! 
But if the German element is Prussian, the 
Irish element is French. Here is a new difficul¬ 
ty! Demonstrations in Dublin show that Na¬ 
poleon bus the Irish heart with him, because he 
is the natural enemy of the British Dion. What 
will the politician do? Wc shall look for some¬ 
thing else soon. If the war continues we may 
have a France vs. Prussia political campaign in 
this country this fall—Republican Prussia,Dem¬ 
ocratic France! 
Wc shall see! Watch the barometer 1 
-4--V-A-- 
Inquiries for Advertisers. — E. J. Green asks 
where he can get a weight power for driving 
churns.— R. II. A. w ants n pure mid well-bred 
Scotch terrier dog, sandy yellow in color, not to 
weigh over seven pounds nor stand over ten or 
twelve inches high; about one or two years old, 
well trained for rats and vermin and a watch 
dog.—W. W. Lego asks: “ Where can I purchase 
young evergreens, spruce, arbor vitae, pine, &c. t 
at wholesale?" 
THE FRENCH-PRUSSIAN WAR. 
For speculative purposes this country has 
been thrilled, day after day, with indefinite ru¬ 
mors and cajuirdS which have caused excite¬ 
ment, in financial circles, and given gold a toss 
upward which no cool, disinterested thinkercau 
find good reason for. Sifted of all the rubbish 
of rumor and speculation, the state of things 
may be summarized at this date, Thursday, 
July 21st, us follows: 
1. Franco demouded of Prussia that Prince 
Leopold’s name should he withdrawn as a cun- 
didate for the Hpanish throne. 
2. Tho King of Prussia, as the head of the 
House of Hohenzollern, (but uot as King Of 
Prussia,) forbid Prince Leopold's candidature 
for the Spauish throne, und his name was with¬ 
drawn. 
3. France was not satisfied, and the French 
Minister, Count DENIED Em, so tight, an interview 
with the King of Prussia, at Eme, and peremp¬ 
torily demanded a pledge that no German prince 
should ever sit on the throne of Spain. 
4. The King of Prussia refused to communi¬ 
cate with the French Minister, and instructed 
that he be informed that no such pledge would 
he given. 
5. Thereupon France, by the action of the 
French Corps Legislatif, declared war for the 
following reasons: 
1. The Insult uttered at Kms to Count Benedottt, 
the French minister,and )taaiiprovul by thcPrussluD 
Government. 
2. The refusal of the King of Prussia to compel the 
withdrawal of Prince Leopold’s name us a candidate 
for the Spanish throne; uud 
3. The fact that tho King persisted in glvlDg the 
Prince liberty to accept the crown. 
Tho declaration concludes“ The extra-Constitu¬ 
tional changes In Prussia awaken the slumbering 
recollections of 1HU. Lot us cross the Rhine and 
avenge the insults of Prussia. The victors of .lenu 
survive!" 
6. The King of Prussia, simultaneously gave 
notice of his action to the cabinets of Europe, 
and announced that the armament of Prussia 
hud commenced. 
7. July 20th, Duke deGhammont announced in 
the French Corps Legislatif that war had been 
declared with Prussia and her Allies as follows: 
3! rssiEUics : The expose presented to you on tho 
13lh instant made known the causes we have for war 
against Prussia. According to the rules and usage of 
nations, nnd byorder of the Emperor,Ihaverequcst- 
cd the Charge d’Affaires ut Uerltu to notify the Cabi¬ 
net, of Prussia of our resolution to seek with arms 
the guarantees wc could not obtain by discussion. 
This has been done, nnd I have the honor to make 
known to the Corps Legislatif that In consequence 
thereof a state of war exists since the UKIi between 
France und Prussia. TUIh declaration applies to the 
Allies of Prussia who give her armed assistance. 
8. Tho same day the King of Prussia made a 
speech in Berlin, of which the following is tho 
text: 
Prussia had no interest In the selection of the 
Prince ol Hohenzollern for the Spanish throne ex¬ 
cept that It might bring peace to a friendly people. 
It had, nevertheless, furnished the Emperor of the 
French with a pretext for war unknown to diploma* 
cy. and, scorning peace, he had Indulged in language 
to Germany w hich oould only have been prompted 
b.y a miscalculation of licr strength Germany was 
powerful enough to resent such language and repel 
such violence. He said no In all reverence, knowing 
that the event was In God's hands. He had fully 
weighed the responsibility which rested on the man 
who drives Into war and havoc two grout and tran¬ 
quil nations yearning for peace und tho enjoyment 
of tho common blessings of Christian civilization 
and prosperity, and for contests more salutary than 
those ol blood. Those who rule France have 
shrewdly studied the proper methods of hitting the 
sensitive pride of that great neighbor nation, und to 
promoteacltlsh interests, have misguided it. Then, 
ns our fathers before us have done, let us light for 
liberty und our rights against the wrongs mulcted 
by n foreign conqueror; and, as Ho was with our 
fathers, so God will be with us in a struggle without 
which Europe can never enjoy lasting peace. 
9 . The relations of the other European powers 
to the belligerents is said lo bo: Denmark bus 
formed u treaty of alliance offensive and defen¬ 
sive with Franco, A treaty of ulliuuce is nego¬ 
tiating between Franc© and Italy. Austria's 
present attitude is neutral; also Russia’s. The 
North German States are a unit with Prussia. 
The South German States remain doubtful. 
Hanover is in accord with France and Denmark. 
The Irish are with France. England denounces 
Napoleon's excuse for Inaugurating war, and it 
is usserted will occupy Belgium with her troops 
to insure Belgian neutrality. Turkey offers 
France a contingent of 200,000 men. 
10. ThcFreneh army is concentrating in North¬ 
east France, in the quadrilateral formed by the 
towns of Nancy. Thorn vilie, Strasburg and Bel- 
l’orl. South of Strasburg a corps cfe'armcc is 
taking position in Intrenched camp of Belfort 
to form i he right of the French army; another 
ia formed at Cbulons-Sur-Murite. The Army of 
the Rhine has its headquarters at Hr rushing, 
HItohe and Belfort. The Army of the Moselle 
has its headquarters at St. Arold, Metz and 
Thionville. 
11. We lmvc no information as to the disposi- 
tion of the lTusstau forces. 
12. Both the French and Prussian people seem 
eager for a light, but up to the dose of this 
article have not had opportunity. Bismarck is 
said to be much troubled ut t he slowness of the 
Lundwohr in coming forward. Germany, it is 
announced, makes the dethronement of the 
BoNAPAltTKS its utlinuUum. 
13. We wrile a day later than the foregoing 
was written. In Berlin there is u rumor that 
Russia had declared war against France. Tur¬ 
key’s policy is announced to be absolute neu¬ 
trality, Italy is friendly to France, but the l*opo 
is said to sympathize with Prussia. Count Von 
Bismarck has informed the North German Par¬ 
liament that 1 lie declaration ol war was the only 
document officially received from Franco, prov¬ 
ing that a surprise was iuteuded. Austria is to 
maintain *‘a watchful neutrality.” Tho Prus¬ 
sian statement of the demands of France, was: 
A pledge of the Government that no German 
should ever ascend the Spanish throne; thu lone 
of the Hohenzollern princes reside permanently 
in Paris as a hostage, or u heavy amount of 
money be deposited in France, to be forfeited if 
the pledge was broken: or that the lthouish 
Provinces be given over to French keeping, 
und held therein until the death of the last 
Prince of Hohenzollern - Sigtnaringen. The 
Berlin official Gazette declares that before the 
Avar closes, Germany and Europe will exact from 
France guarantees for the observance of peace 
hereafter, and in case of refusal, will so cripple 
France as to prevent her from making more 
mischief. 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
What the ft ■■ ruI KtAV.f orker i« Doing.— That 
the Rural is doing good service all over the 
land, avo receive abundant testimony;—and our 
claim that. it. not only pays farmers, horticultur¬ 
ists, etc., but also every town and suburban 
OAvner of u garden who reads and heeds it, 13 
Avell founded, as many and frequent letters at¬ 
test. For example, a subscriber in Allegany Co„ 
Md„ (m a note asking for extra numbers and 
show-bills.) writes;—“The Rural New-Yorker 
has been the means of introducing here some of 
your Now York breeds of poultry, viz., Brahmas, 
Polands, and llouduus. Also from your adver¬ 
tisers some pure Chester White pigs, besides 
fruit*, flowers and garden seeds. It is doing a 
work that could never be accomplished any 
other way than by reading a t'mM-elass weekly 
paper. My small garden (town lotjoue-quarlor 
acre, I®worth to my family from $10 to $20 per 
year more since I took your paper. I have now 
a Chester hog to kill next fall, eightoon months 
old, which weighs 50Q pounds—will weigh 600 by 
killing time—and before I took your paper I 
knew nothing about the good breed of pigs, and 
never had one to weigh more than 350 pounds." 
- - 
Agriculturists nnd Bcrlbblcrs off for the Pacific. 
—A party of about twenty-five gentlemen and 
ladies left this city for the Pacific coast, Tuesday, 
the 19th Inst., to look at things cn route and in 
California, through practical eyes. The party 
includes J.l). Lyman, of the New YorkTribuuc; 
A. B. CrandaLI of the World; Prof. Andre 
Poky and X. A. Willard, of the Rural Nrav- 
Youkbu ; H, L. Rea dk of the Hearth and Home; 
P. T. Quinn. Prof. James H. Wiutnev, and Dr. 
J. V. C. Hmitil representing tho Farmers’ Club; 
F, 1). Curtis, Vice-President New York State 
Agricultural Society, &c., Ac. It is the purpose 
of the party to he absent about a month. 
Wilder, Burry, Donning, EttAvnngcr, Ac., are 
having a gay Mine In QiJiforma, judging by the 
accounts which reach us through the papers. A 
grea deal of good, hearty, merited Western 
“ hifulutiD” is expended in their behalf. Well, 
they deserve it! And it Is as natural for the 
whole-souled Westerners to he extravagant in 
language ns it is for corn to grow, flowers to 
bloom, and fruit that beats the world to color 
there. God bless 'em all, say avo ! 
«»*- 
A New .Motive Power. The Augusta, Ga., 
Chronicle is responsible for the statement that 
a planter near Midway, S, C., bus done all the 
plowing and cultivating on Ids farm avRIi a 350 
pound alligator, which, it is asserted, "work* 
kindly in harness.” 
- >44 - 
Personal.— Wo notice in some of the Western 
papers that our contributor, F. It. Elliott, 
has been in Detroit and visited Whitney's 
"Mexican Everbearing" strawberry patch. 
■ - ■ - 4 - 4 »- 
IMPROVED STOCK MOVEMENTS. 
II. E. Coleman. Hurrodsburg, Ky., recently 
sold twenty-four horses, mures and colts, at 
prices ranging from $65 to $375. Tho entire side 
amounted to $3,549.50, 11 is cut (I e. the same date, 
amounted to $1,107.50. 
Col. R. West, \lie Kentucky Farmers’ Home 
Journal says, bus sold to Col. Banders Bruci 
of New York his buy Abdallah mare, known as 
the Kiukcitd mure, for $3,IKK) cash. 
We notice the sale of nearly a hundred two- 
year-old Kentucky bred mules to Hall& Lyle, 
Lexington, Ivy., at $800 par head. There must 
be two 111 . in " mule culture.” 
Edward Iles, Springfield, Ill., has purchased 
in Canada the following nnimuls:—Bull Cana¬ 
dian Prince, red, calved January 12th, 1808 , bred 
by Campbell Klnellar, Aberdeenshire, Scot¬ 
land, got by Gladstone, etc., etc.; Markham, 
bred by Geo. Miller; Jubilee 9th, red, calved 
January20th, 1864, bred by tho late R. A. Alex¬ 
ander; hull call Jubilant, red and white, bred 
by M. H. Cochrane. Also, seventecu head of 
Cotswold cavcs purchased from Miller & Tay¬ 
lor. A pan of these wore imported in 1868 and 
1869, the balance are descendants from former 
importations. 
The Kentucky Farmer’s Home Journal, July 
14tli, says:—"Mr. It. H. Prewitt of Clarke 
county sold from his herd recently, to T. G. 
Megiuben of Harrison county iho following 
Short-Horns;—Rosalie, seven yours old, for 
$1,000; Juniata 2d, nine years old, $800; Savan¬ 
nah 4th, tAVO years old, $600; Savannah 5th, oue 
year old. $350; Young Ceres 3d, one year old, 
$350; Red Daisy 0th, calf, $300—aggregate $3,400." 
- +-++■ - 
THE SEASON. 
[Wk want information, briefly, couOoriittig the season, progress of 
tho work, tempemltini, cropi, piitivs of farm produce, Block, labor 
und I an tie, »ml careful wtimatotof the amount of grain ami number 
of nnimale on hand for talc, i\* vompariwl with previous eeasoiiB, for 
publication under tbia bead.—Ei>s. huual.] 
Condition of Crops In July.—The Monthly Re¬ 
port of the Depart incut of Agriculture for J uly 
is at hand. Summarized, the Report shows that 
the wheat crop " will he materially less Ilian that 
Of 1809." The average depreciation is put at, 13 
perccut.; the diminution in breadth, about C 
per cent.; the present estimate of crop, 210,- 
000,000 bushels—a decrease of at least 48,000,000 
bushels. 
The increase in the breadth of corn planted is 
placed at 5 per cent., or about 1,750,000 acres. 
The condition of the crop is above the average 
in every Western State except Nebraska. Jn 
New England and the Middle States, the crop is 
promising; also in the cotton States, except die 
Carolinas. This in general terms; there are lo¬ 
cal exceptions. 
The increase cf acreage of cotton is estimated 
at 12 per cent.-an aggregate of nearly 1,000,000 
acres. The culture given tageuerally good. No 
in see is have appeared. With an average season 
the crop should lie 3,500,000 bales; Avilh oue of 
extraordinary length, the product Avould be little 
short ol’ 4,000,000 bales. 
Oats promise a full average crop in about half 
the States; in the other half the deficit ranges 
from0 to 23 per cent. The quality will general¬ 
ly be very good. 
The aggregate increase of acreage of tobacco 
is about live per cent. The appearance of the 
crop is superior iu Kentucky, Virginia, North 
Carolina and Georgia. Drouth has injured it 
North of the Ohio. 
The prospect for apples is unusually good 
from Maine to Georgia, except in Pennsylvania 
and Maryland; and Tennessee is the only inte¬ 
rior State which can claim an average. In Penn¬ 
sylvania much complaint is made of premature 
falling from the trees. 
Peaches are somewhat loss abundant than 
apples. The prospect in New Jersey is returned 
at two per cent, above un average. Delaware 
Avill not have a full yield. Kent county reports 
but half a crop. Illinois is placed at five per 
cent, below an average, and Michigan at ten. 
Peaches and other fruits were destroyed by frost 
in March throughout the Gulf States. Grapes 
generally propose remarkably well. A full 
average Is Indicated in California, Missouri and 
Ohio,and very few States make unfavorable re¬ 
turns. 
Fituflrhl, Mcrrimnc Co., V H., July 13.—July 
has thus far been very remarkable for its de¬ 
lightfully beautiful weather. So favorable for 
haying operations, and to the growth of the ce¬ 
real grains, vegetables, nnd all fruit and other 
productions. On the 7tl» instant we had a very 
heavy shower, and the follownng day n good 
amount of rain fell that did considerable damage 
to mown hay: but the good it did to the land 
where the hay had been harvested is inestimable. 
It betokens a good fall teed and a better hay 
crop for '71. Haying is rapidly progressing, Avith 
wages ranging from $1.75 to $2.25 ami board. 
Wheat is in the milky state. Early planted corn 
begins to straw the spindle The prospect for an 
abuiidant grape harvest is unusually good. All 
kinds of small fruits are very plenty. The blue 
and blackberry bushes are completely covered. 
Raspberries, too, are not far in Uie roar, while 
pears are rushing fonvnrd at a headlong rate. 
Stock cannot fall to do Avell on such a rich and 
verdant pasturage.—G. R. D. 
Bcllefonte, I*« , July 1*.—Juno was extreme¬ 
ly hot throughout; the hottest for many years. 
July is equally so, notwithstanding tho many 
showers of rain. Ruins seem to have but little 
cooling effect. Hay harvest over; a full, heavy 
Crop; a great deni was not stowed in the best 
condition, on account of rain ; most of it clover 
hay mixed with timothy. Wheat is about har¬ 
vested—ten days curlier t han usual; crop iav.ory 
light—inuob lighter than anticipated. The fly 
seems to have been destructive to it all the 
season. There Avill scarcely bo more than a third 
of a crop. Wheat, (white) $1.15; red, $1.10; rye, 
80c.; corn, (shelled) 75c.; oats, 40o.; barley, 60c.; 
buckwheat, 75c.; clover seed, $6 ; potatoes, (old) 
40c.; new, $1; eggs, perdnzon, 20c.; lard, 16c. per 
Hi.; bacon shoulders, 16e.; sides, 10c.; hums, 22c.; 
talloAv, 10e.; butter, 20c. Business dull. Little 
doing iu stocks.—J. F. P. 
Columbus, Bi»„ July IN.— We have had a 
singular season —no rain since the last day of 
March till the last four days during Ai liich eight 
inches of water fell. From the first of April till 
the 12th of July ono and a quarter inches fell iu 
all; consequently crops are very light; wheat 
but. little of 11 can bo tied; too short growth. 
We are beginning to cut our Avlicai; barley 
mostly housed; pastures very short; oats not 
worth harvesting; potato prospects pour. Corn 
looks good where the seed came up; hundrodsof 
acres planted that, not one-half came; wheat 
worth 90 c.m.$ 1 ; oats. 60c.; corn, 00c.; butter, 20c.; 
cheese, 85c.; eggs, 18XC-; beef, live, 5c.; hogs, 
8c.; cows, $30@60; horses, all prices; sheep, no 
side; laud. $50.—O. n. v. 
Catharine, IV. Y„ July 18. — Weather very 
warm until about ten days since, mercury stand¬ 
ing 90 to 106" in the shade; iioav some cooler, 
with occasional showers. Hay nearly alien t and 
housed in tine condition; largest portion of 
Avheatcut; crop bet ter than usual; uot so much 
soaoi as last year. Oais will be, from present in¬ 
dications, a very tight crop. Barley medium. 
Corn Is looking well, with few exceptions; 
apple trees heavily loaded and fruit uncommon¬ 
ly fair for season of the year. Old pastures ail 
dried up. Potatoes are going to be it loir crop, 
from the present indications. White wheat, 
$1.300.1,00: red do., $1.2001.30; oats, 53055c.; 
corn, fi0c.(?t$l; barley, 70c.; w ool, 40c.— k. d. f. 
Lockhart. Caldwell Go., Texas, July 12.—The 
season here is somewhat backward, owing (o 
dry and cold weather in the curly spring. But 
for two mouths the weather in rlits region has 
been as seasonable as any one could desire, and 
corn and cotton were never dolug hettcr. Corn 
is now made and Avill undoubtedly exceed an 
average yield. Cotton generally a little back¬ 
ward, owing to Us late start, but promises a 
good crop, if not molested by the caterpillar. 
Weather at present clear, dry and warm. Daily 
range of temperature in the shade, 76' to 80° at 
sunrise; 90* to 98° at mid-day, with fine southerly 
breeze.—w. 
Oaks, Orange ( «., !V U., July 13. Weather 
quite warm; everything groiving rapidly. Have 
had plenty oi rain during the spring and sum¬ 
mer. Farmers are threshing ivlieat: the crop is 
excellent. Oat crop very good, but very much 
injured by the recent storms and ruins. Tobac¬ 
co line; corn prospects very encouraging; 
peaches scarce; good laborers in demand at 40c. 
to$1 per day. Lands cheap; country healthy, 
and the best water in the world.—s. tt. ay. 
Loudon Co., Va., July 19.- Weather warm. 
Wheat crop about half the yield of iast year. 
Corn looks Avell; one good rain will make some 
early corn. Oats extra crop. Potatoes early, 
doing well; a good yield. Wheat, $1.25; corn, 
$1; oats. 50c.; potatoes, 75c. Land from $25 to 
$150 per acre. Home fruit, but small, and all 
tailing off.—M. d. w. 
Pickens Co., Ala., July 7. — Cotton that lias 
been fertilized and avciI cultivated, is looking 
Avell; but by far the larger amouut bus been 
badly injured by lice aud grass. Corn is looking 
tolerably only, and is needing ruin. Wheat, 
Avlrieli is now being threshed, is a good yield and 
excellent quality. Land from $3 to $10 per 
acre.—L. 
Madison, Ga., July 13.—The wheat and oat 
crops have yielded bountifully. Cotton looks 
uncommonly promising, and although the re¬ 
cent heavy rains have retarded cultivation, and 
iu some locations the crops are grassy, still, 
taken as a whole, the prospect is more flattering 
than at any time the past live years.—u. u. t. 
Arvuiu, Humboldt Co., Cat., June 27,—Our 
season hasbeen a mixed and varied one here. Ex¬ 
cessively cold, Avet and backward, to tho first of 
June; since then unusually warm, with sbowera 
quite unlooked for here. Crops all growing 
well and promising to be large.—N. d. d. 
Norfolk, .\. Y., July 12. Weather Inis been 
very dry all through the months of May and 
June, but we me now getting an occasional 
good shower. The hay crop will not be half 
what it was iast year; grain short; corn very 
nice, aud potatoes u lair crop.—j. l. 
Barford, Out., July 18,—Weather unfavorable 
for haying thus far. Large amount of wheat 
already cut and standing in shock. Spring crops 
look Avell aud promise to yield well. The lull 
wheat injured in winter, and is about half an 
average crop; quality very good.— d. s. 
iUtr ©rpartnunt 
COUNT OTTO VON BISMARCK. 
Although there is a King William of 
Prussia, the “power behind the throne" to¬ 
day, is Bismarck. He holds, in the eyes of 
the world, no secondary place. lie is counted 
in most respects the peer, if not the superior, 
of NAroLEON III., whose portrait, with bio¬ 
graphical sketch, we gave last week. He 
stands to-day the one of the two figures 
which the world is looking at, and by no 
means the least of the two. Last, week we 
announced the declaration of war. As wc 
write, (Monday, July 18,) the streets resound 
with the shouts of the newsboys, crying of 
battles and t umors of battles. The clash of 
arms resounds in Europe. The days of peace 
are numbered. Napoleon has dropped di¬ 
plomacy nnd Bismarck accepts the chal¬ 
lenge. At least, such is the temper of the 
dispatches. 
Who is Bismarck ? He is a descendant 
in line of the warrior family of Biscopes- 
mark-Bibhopsmark-Bismarcks, who, when 
surnames came into use, called them¬ 
selves after their dwelling place, Bismarck, 
and in the beginning of the fourteenth cen¬ 
tury appeared as warrior knights in Prlc- 
guitz, and in the region of Ruppin. A Ye 
have not space nor time to trace the history 
of the Bismarck family from the early times 
lo the prescut. 
Carl Wilhelm Ferdinand Von Bis¬ 
marck, the father of Count Otto, was born 
November 13, 1771, was married July 7, 
1806, to Louise Wilhklmxna Menken, Hie 
daughter of Privy Counsellor Akastatius 
Ludwig Menken, who had served with dis¬ 
tinction under three sovereigns of Prussia, 
and possessed great influence during the first 
year of the reign of Frederick William 
111. Count Otto Edward Leopold Von 
Bismarck, of whom we now write, was 
born April 1,1815. lie is, therefore,'about 
seven years younger limn Louis Napoleon 
llis early youth was passed in Pomerania, at 
Kinepliof, where he spent six years, lie in¬ 
herited from his father Kinepliof aud Jai- 
chelin. As the possessor of the former, he 
sat, till 1868, for the ancient and established 
fief of the Dukedom of Stettin, in the Up¬ 
per Chamber, when the King created him 
a member of that Chamber for life. From 
1821 to 1827 Bismarck was at the school of 
Prof. P lamann, Berlin. He then entered 
the Frederick William Gymnasium, to pur¬ 
sue his classical studies. During the year 
1829 lie began the study of English and 
French, in which languages he became ac¬ 
complished. It was his mother’s desire that 
Ins should devote himself to a diplomatic 
career. Her wish was gratified; for soon 
after her death he entered upon it. In 1830 
he quitted the. Frederick William Gymna¬ 
sium for the Berlin Gymnasium, Zum Gkaun 
Kloster, which he left iu 1832, after his 
examination, to study law. That year he 
entered tho University of Gottingen. At 
school he fought more than twenty duels, 
and was only wounded in one. 
He had a stormy career at the University. 
In 1835-6, at a court ball, he first met 
Prince William, the present King Wil¬ 
liam of Prussia. In 1830 lie entered the 
Department of Administration at Aachen; 
thence in 1837 he was transferred to tho 
Crown Office at Potsdam. In 1838 he 
entered the Jager Guard to fulfill his mili¬ 
tary duties, and in the same year was trans¬ 
ferred to Griefswald with the hope of 
attending the lectures of the Agricultural 
Academy of Eldena in order to prepare 
himself to administer the agricultural affairs 
of the Pomeranian Estates which were in a 
sad condition, upon w hich work he entered 
the summer of 1839, and continued, with his 
brother, to prosecute until 1841. 
His father died in November, 1845. 
From that time Bismarck resided in Sehon- 
liausen, became Dyke Captain there, and 
afterwards Knights Deputy in the circle of 
Jerichow in the Saxon Provincial Diet at 
Menseburg. In that capacity he attended 
the first meeting of the United Diets in 
1847, where lie first attracted the attention 
of the public to himself in more extended 
circles. July 28,1847, be married Johanna 
Frederica Charlotte Dorothea Eleo- 
nore von Putkammeu, which marriage has 
resulted in three children —Mary Eliza¬ 
beth Johanna, horn August 21, 1848; 
Nicolas Ferdinand Herbert, horn De¬ 
cember 28, 1849, aud William Otto Al¬ 
bert, born August 1, 1852. 
In 1849-51 Bismarck u-as one of the 
chief leaders of the conservative party in the 
United Diet against the democracy. In May, 
1851, King Frederick William IV. ap¬ 
pointed him to the post of First Secretary of 
the Embassy to the Frankfort Diet with the 
title of Privy Councillor. Iu August of the 
same year he received the rank of Ambassa¬ 
dor. In March, 1859, he was appointed 
Ambassador to St. Petersburg. May 23, 
1862, he was appointed Ambassador to 
Paris, September 23, 1862, King Willi am 
appointed him Minister oi State aud Brest- 
