A REVERIE AND A SONG. 
Iptmttional. 
Poetry by A. A. HOPKINS. 
-Hts -—r—N 
5S=S^F=* 
THE CROWNLESS. 
Music by WM. TILL1 NGII AST. 
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I 
1. 0 souls that brave-ly do and dare! O hearts that, to the Truth are toy - all 
2 . lie most deserves a crown who stands, When oth - ors mock at his en - deav-or, 
A crmvn of glo • ry ye should 
Up* hold -mg Right with heart and 
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wear, 
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ye, arc 
cf - forts 
roy - al I 
ev - or! 
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The er - mined forms who sit in 
lie is the tru - est kiug of 
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state, And 
all Who, 
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FFJ iP''ir 
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sway the scep-tera o’er the. ua • tions, Are leust of all the earth-born great Who claim our prais-cs and oh - la - tions. 
at his conscience’s bo-hest mov-ing, Stands proud-ly up to win or full, The right-cous-ncss of Manliood prov-iug! 
:f: 
S The kingly ones who years ngono 
Fought thro' a night of Error’s bringing, 
And fell in armor ere the dawn, 
Deserve a minstrel’s proudest singing 1 
Sublimest faith they ever knew, 
Sublimcst work that faith inspiring,— 
And theirs a lesson good and true 
Forever is to our desiring 1 
STUDYING CHEMISTRY. 
We have received several inquiries of late, 
from young men who desire to study chem¬ 
istry, for the practical benefits which may 
accrue. Talking w itli Prof. J awes A. W hit- 
key a few days siuce, we learned that he 
was a farmer’s boy, and has had an experi¬ 
ence in the pursuit of this science which 
qualifies him to give practical advice; and 
at our request, he furnishes ns the following, 
for the benefit of ambitious boys who arc 
willing to work hard and deny themselves, 
iu order to accomplish something in this 
great field for investigation : 
The utility of chemistry in agriculture and 
the arts, is more fully shown each succeeding 
year; and for this reason mauy young men 
and boys very naturally propose to study it. 
Of these, probably not one iu ten has any 
definite idea of the best way to go to work 
to acquire the desired knowledge, or of the 
apparatus required, or t he course of study 
essential in becoming intimate with even the 
elements of this most useful of the sciences. 
Perhaps a few words of counsel to those who 
may contemplate the study, will be of ser¬ 
vice to those who have but little money to 
spare for books and apparatus. Those who 
can afford to go to a good scientific school, 
bad better do so, and make the best of their 
opportunities; hut most of the boys who will 
be eminent When they are men, have to work 
for a living now, and gather up information 
as best they can. 
Presuming the student to be thoroughly in 
earnest, his flrsL step is to get some good ele¬ 
mentary work on chemistry, of which there 
are several, nearly every publisher of school 
books having at one time or another brought 
out a small work of the kind. Having pro¬ 
cured his text book, the student should 
commence at the first line of the first page, 
and study from this forward, never skipping 
a phrase that is not fully understood, nor 
passing a word the meaning of which is not 
sharply imprinted on the brain. In chemis¬ 
try it is absolutely necessary to bo thorough 
as you go. This in the beginning of the 
study makes it. desirable to turn back and re¬ 
view every few pages. This will be tedious, 
but it will pay better in pleasure and pro¬ 
gress. Sometimes obstacles will be met with 
that although slight in themselves and due 
mainly to the student’s want of ready ap¬ 
preciation, are, for the time, perplexing in 
the extreme. These develop the metal the 
student is really made of. If he perseveres, 
he must and will succeed; if lie dodges the 
issue, he will stumble at every succeeding 
step. We once knew a learner who, study¬ 
ing alone and unaided, pondered in vain for 
two days upon the meaning of half a dozen 
lines. When the meaning became clear, 
however, it was like the breaking of a great 
light; for the puzzling paragraph related to 
the law of chemical equivalents, the law that 
determines the proportions in which differ¬ 
ent substances unite with each other to form 
chemical combinations." 
The first, part of every work on the ele¬ 
ments of chemistry is, or should be, devoted 
to the phenomena of heat, light, electricity, 
crystallization, etc. A knowledge of these is 
all-important before proceeding to study the 
nature of substances or the methods of 
chemical processes—for these are insepara¬ 
bly identified with the others. Heat is an 
active agent in bringing about chemical 
combinations; for instance, we may mix 
sulphur ami carbon (charcoal) together and 
they will not combine. Hut if the carbon is 
made red hot in a retort, closed from the 
ah’, and the sulphur be introduced, the two 
will combine, forming a liquid known as the 
bi-sulphide of carbon, which having the 
power of dissolving oily matter, Is used for 
many purposes; among others for extracting 
oil from cotton seed, and even from Indian 
corn. The case is similar with light, as we 
see from its action upon nitrate of silver, 
which it turns black, this being the basis of 
the art of photography. 
Electricity is also inseparably allied to 
chemistry. Sin Humphrey Davy discov¬ 
ered, by the help of the electric current, 
that soda, potash, and similar bodies were 
compounds instead of elements, and the gen¬ 
eration of electricity, for telegraph working, 
etc., comes from the chemical action of sub¬ 
stances upon each other. 
Crystallization results from the conditions 
and composition of bodies, so that a chemi¬ 
cal compound can often be told from its 
form, and its phenomena are of especial in¬ 
terest in minerals; for instance in rocks, 
from which soils arc formed. 
It must not be understood that the first 
part of an elementary work can give any 
extended information of these points ; but it 
does give, if the work is a good one, enough 
to enable the leader to puss understanding^ 
to the study of the chemical nature of sub¬ 
stances and to experiments In chemical ope¬ 
rations. He will find In his text-hook direc¬ 
tions for experiments in their proper order, 
and engravings of the apparatus required. 
With regard to the latter he should always 
make it a point, to get the very best lie can. 
If circumstances prevent him from pur¬ 
chasing he must set his wits to work to de¬ 
vise substitutes. Many very fine investiga¬ 
tions may be carried on even with very poor 
appliances, provided the learner has patience 
and skill; and very instructive experiments 
may be successfully performed with very 
rude devices. We once knew a young stu¬ 
dent who made his first attempt to distil 
pyroligneous acid or wood vinegar from dry 
beets with an apparatus formed by two 
stone beer bottles and a piece of lead pipe. 
Thd bottle for the retort was placed in a 
fUrnaco made from an old iron kettle with 
a hole knocked in one side to admit a 
draught, while the bottle that served as 
condenser was placed in a tin pan filled with 
cold water. The same device answered in 
making sulphurated hydrogen, by distilling 
hop-dust or lupulin, with the incidental ad¬ 
vantage that the blackening of the interior 
of the lead pipe gave without further trial, 
the usual indication of the presence of gas. 
Even rude apparatus, therefore, may be 
made to serve the purpose when the learner 
is iu earnest; but it is better, as we said be¬ 
fore, to purchase proper appliances when 
possible, for this will save much time and 
vexation of spirit: For instance, in the ex¬ 
periment just mentioned of making pyrolig¬ 
neous acid (which is an impure acetic acid, 
much used by calico printers,) half a day 
was consumed whereas, with a suitable 
alembic, half an hour would have been 
sufficient, 
---- 
TEACHING GRAMMAR. 
Ok all the books used in a common school, 
I think there is no other so much studied, 
and so little learned, as grammar. Of the 
students of grammar, I think there are 
comparatively very few who have any idea 
of the practical application of this science. 
Of course they can repeat the lessons as they 
are in tin; book, but as to applying any of 
the theories taught, in it to their common 
conversation, they never think of such a 
thing. 1 have often heard teachers of com¬ 
mon schools, who have acted in that capaci¬ 
ty for years, use such phrases as “ had not 
ought,” “new beginners,” “it ain't no mat¬ 
ter,” “ Coatse’s thread, “ to homo," for “ at 
home,” &c. One great stumbling-block of 
this sort is iu forming the plural and pos¬ 
sessive of nouns. 
1 have heard people say—and some who 
had studied grammar—that they did not 
tillnk it was of any use; it was a waste of 
time, and just as well to lot it go and study 
something they could make useful. Is it 
nothing to know you can speak properly, 
and not offend the most fastidious critic? 
How quickly one used to hearing and using 
good, correct language, will notice even the 
slightest mistake! 
Now I am not intending to find fault with 
the text-books, for they are well enough, 
and should be well learned. Hut that is 
not all that is needed. All students can¬ 
not readily comprehend the elaborate con¬ 
nection between the precepts of grammar 
and the construction of our language. The 
best mode of teaching must ho the one that 
will make them understand it the most thor¬ 
oughly. I think a very good plan is to have 
the students notice all the incorrect sentences 
4 They wear few crowns who win them hero; 
They wear the most, who never win them , 
But while they glittering appear 
There is no goodly glory iu them! 
They only catch the gaze of men, 
Tueir glories vanish ns one gazes: 
The crowmcsH win their crowning when 
They rest at last beneath the daisies 1 
they hear, and just after hearing the class re¬ 
cite, let them repeat them, giving the correc¬ 
tion and reason for it. i once attended 
school where this was practiced, and i never 
saw better grammarians than there. They 
were on their guard, keeping watch over 
themselves and their school mates, for they 
knew an incorrect sentence would be instant¬ 
ly noted for Correction. 
It gives the pupil more interest in this 
study than any other mode 1 have over seen 
practiced. I do not think teachers realize 
the vast influence they have over the future 
lives of their pupils. Homctlmcs the kindly 
expressed uppteeia'iAn of ids teacher has 
caused some laggard /.o exert himself to win 
more praise, and omy started in the way of 
knowledge, he has kept on to a useful and 
influential career. We can never tell which 
Child would make the greatest and best man 
or woman, if the right incentives he furn¬ 
ished. L. E. K. 
-- 
EDUCATIONAL NOTES. 
Mchool of Telegraphy for Women. 
A. P, Smith: —The Cooper Union Free 
School of Telegraphy for Women opens Oc¬ 
tober 1, and the term closes July 1,1871. 
Applications for admission, in the hand¬ 
writing of the applicant., will be received 
during September. The name, residence, 
age and occupation of the applicant must be 
given, and references are required. Appli¬ 
cants must be at least seventeen, and not 
more than twenty-four years old. No en¬ 
trance fee is required; instruction is gratui 
tons. Only pupils prepared to accept situa¬ 
tions in New York city ns soon as they arc 
qualified can be admitted. Applications 
should be addressed to Cooper Union , New 
York city. 
I’hysleal Geography. The Plane! Mars. 
In tlic case of the planet Mars, and in the 
case of the planet Mars alone, our astrono¬ 
mers have really established the existence of 
a similarity of physical condition, which 
gives us the strongest positive grounds for 
infering that even such creatures as we now 
are could somehow make shift, to live there, 
though, of course, not without, a certain 
amount of preliminary discomfort while we 
were trying to acclimatize ourselves. The 
Martial ib ts have a world lews in area than one 
of our hemispheres to explore; in spite of 
this, it has not very much less land than the 
earth, a much less proportion of its surface 
being occupied with water than of our 
globe; its seas are of the general type of the 
Baltic and the Mediterranean, for the most 
part narrow, straggling, inland seas; the 
greatest seas are in the neighborhood of the 
cold South Polo of Mars, which has a climate 
far severer than the North Pole. 
That there is a world of perpetual snow 
at each Martial pole, which can be seen to 
diminish as the summer returns to each 
hemisphere, and to increase again as winter 
comes back ; that in spite of the preponder¬ 
ance of land, a vast deal of rain falls on 
Mars, especially in winter, clouds often 
hiding the configuration of the continents 
from our astronomers, and then suddenly 
dispersing, and leaving the continents clear 
again,—a clearing-up which usually hap¬ 
pens about, the hour of noon in Mars, just 
as our weather so often changes as the sun 
passes the meridian ; that the length of the 
Martial year is nearly twice as long as ours; 
and that the force of gravity on Mars is 
much less than half what it is with us, so 
that, as Mr. Proctor expresses it, “a Dan¬ 
iel Lambert ou Mars would be able to 
leap easily to a height of five or six feet, 
and lie could run faster than the best of our 
terrestrial athletes.” 
5 0 souls that bravely do and dare! 
Mankind at lougtn shall own you royal! 
The crown of glory you shall wear, 
If only you arc over loyal I 
For service true hath its reward; 
There waits si coronation inoruiug, 
Whou faithful angels of the Loan 
Shall robe you with a king’s adorning 1 
(Tin Ittfnun (IJtodb. 
NEW PUBLICATIONS. 
Heaven^ Karth anti the .71 tllenlum, (St Louis, 
Mo: \v« J. Gilbert,) Is the title of a philosophical 
work by James A. Huinlock. The author claims 
that, tills hook “contains tho correct key to the 
motions of the heavenly bodies which will iu Hie 
l’ullire become the basis of alt true astronomy 
and philosophy of the movements of thehouvon- 
ly bodies." The author acknowledges tint moral 
prociptsof the hildennd the divinity of Jehus 
Chiust; sanctions the moral precepts of the 
Bible, but claims that, there are some mere his¬ 
torical Quitters Iu It which uro unintelligible to 
him and cannot be reconciled with truth and 
other teachings or tho Ribio. These inconsis¬ 
tencies, however, he claims, have nothing to do 
with the present or tho future of man. Hobo 
iloves in an All-Wise, Omnipotent and Infinite 
Creator called God; Mutt Ho is the architect and 
governor of tho whole universe, Ae., but ho de¬ 
ntes that the creatures of earth are suffering for 
Adams' transgression, and contends that tlioy 
are suffering for their own sins. He believes 
the earth accursed of God and not visited by 
Him or His angels, because ft Is not a suitable 
place to be visited by holy beings. Heaven, he 
believes, embraces the whole boundless universe, 
that there are grades hi heaven, and that every 
creature of earth will, in tho resurrection be as¬ 
signed to a place and rank In heaven suited and 
appropriate lo its work nod Conduct io life; that 
this reward Is given and place assigned Immedi¬ 
ately on the death of tha creature, and depends 
upon the performance or the duties God has 
plainly imposed upon him. The way of the 
Millenium is to bo prepared by dispelling strife, 
pain, hunger, thirst, sin, disease and death from 
the earth; that, this will bo accomplished by the 
appearance anil passage of a heavenly body in 
its regular orbit, more magnificent and lumin¬ 
ous (from it* proximity to the earth) than tho 
sun, and which will, for tho time so ovoreomo 
the effects or the sun and the elements of earth, 
as to produce peace and serenity on tho whole 
earth, during which On hist and the angels of 
heaven can visit the earth and promulgate tho 
Gospel of truth, &c\, &e. 
Wo have thus given some of tho views hold by 
the writer of this work. It will be read with in¬ 
terest by all who are fond of, and think they 
profit by dipping Into speculative philosophy. 
Henry Courttaml / or, Whut a Farmer Gan 
Do. (Philadelphia: J. B. IJppincott St. Co.)— 
This story, in tho abstract, is not devoid of in¬ 
terest; but as a literary work it is weak and 
8tilted. Its characters, whether high or low, 
knaves or saints, Ignorant or learned, have put 
into their mouths language whieh, in form and 
rhetoric, is unnatural and monotonous. It is 
one of tho most absurdly written books we have 
overlooked through. Nor will tho iigrlcillturist 
learn much of "what a farmer can do” by 
reading it. Its author is A. J. Punk, 
H’oint «#«’» .Ttettiral College of AV«J \'otli 
infirmary. We have the Annual Catalogue 
nod announcement of this Institution for 1870. 
From it we learn that the winter session of 
1870-71 will open Monday, Oct. 3. There were 
five graduates tho present year. The cluss of 
1870 numbers twenty-six. 
The .1 inert ran t’hemiet (VVm. Baldwin & Co., 
434 Broome gt„ N. V. City,) succeeds tho Ameri¬ 
can re-print of tho Chemical News. Tho issue 
for July is before us, and warrants us in com¬ 
mending it to all progression chemical students 
among our readers. Price $6 per year. 
The Itveinf* of Jinn* itahelle Thackeray. 
(New York : Harper St Brothers.)—Those of our 
readers who have read any one of Miss Track- 
kiiay's stories, will be glad to know that they 
are neatly published (and illustrated) in one 
volume complete. 
Cunrhlnelto , the American Punch, continues 
good— much better than tho English article, 
aside from its adaptation to tho Americun 
clluiute, 
i. 
When 1 do sit apart 
And com mime with my heart, 
She brings mo forth the treasure oneo my own; 
Shows mo a happy place 
Whore loaf-buds swelled npneo, 
And wasting rims of snow In sunlight shono. 
Rock, In a mossy glade, 
The larch trees lend their shade. 
That Just begin to feather with tliolr leaves; 
Krern out thy crovlro deep 
White tufts of snowdrops poop, 
And molted viino drips softly from the eaves. 
Ah rook, [know, I know 
That yet the snowdrops grow, 
And yet doth sunshine fleck them through tho tree, 
Whose sheltering brancheshldo 
The cottage at Its side, 
That never more will shade or shelter mo. 
I know the stockdoves' note 
Athwart, the glen doth float 
With sweet foreknowledge of her twins oppress’d, 
And longings onward sent, 
Mho broods before the event. 
While leisurely she mends her shallow nest. 
< bice to that Cottage door, 
In happy days of yore, 
My littlo love made footprints In the snow. 
She was so glad of spring. 
She helped tho birds to sing, 
1 know she dwells there yet the rest I do not know. 
They sang, amt would hot stop, 
While drop, and drop, and drop, 
1 heard the melted rime In sunshine fall; 
And narrow wandering rills, 
Where leaned the daffodils. 
Murmured and murmured on, and that was all. 
I think, but cannot toll, 
1 think She loved mo well, 
And some dear fancy with my future twined. 
But I shall never know, 
Hope faints, and lets tfc go, 
That passionate want forbid to apeak its mind. 
II. 
Mho was hut a child, a child, 
And I a man grown ; 
Mweetshe was, and fresh, and wild, 
And, 1 thought my own. 
What could 1 do? The long gratisgroweth, 
The long wuvo ttoweth with a murmur on : 
The why and the wherefore of It all who knowoth ? 
Kro I thought to lose her she was grown and gone. 
This day or that day In warm spring weather, 
The lamb that was tamo will yearn to break Its tether, 
“ But If the world wound thee," f said, “come buck 
to me,” 
Down In tho dell wishing—wishing, wishing for thee. 
The dews hung on the white May 
Hike a ghost It stands, 
All In the dusk before day 
That folds the dim lands: 
Dark fell the skies when once belated, 
Had, and sorrow-fated, l missed tho sun : 
Hut wake, heart, and sing, for not In vain I waited, 
O oloari O solemn dawning, lo, the maid is won ! 
Sweet dews, dry early on tho grass and clover, 
best tho bride wet her feet while she walks over; 
Shine to-day, suriboums, and make all fair to see, 
Down the doll she’s coming—coming, coming with 
mo. [ Jean Inytilmv. 
stories for |iuralists. 
TWO MORE SIMPLETONS. 
BY MARY HARTWELL. 
In a Western city there is a lull, brick 
building wedged in among other buildings. 
There are narrow staircases to give entrance 
lo It, and broad windows to enlighten it. 
Husy feet nm up and down the staircases 
all day, anti many faces look out of the win¬ 
dows. It is the center of a business block. 
“ Millinery and Fancy Goods" glorify one 
floor; the “ City Furniture Store” protrudes 
from another. Poor wretches, who call 
themselves artists, work in the upper re¬ 
gions. You see a shingle, announcing 
“ Flo RIAN Black;” another declaring the 
occupation of “Gustavos Flout;” and 
some years ago you might have seen among 
those that “ David Burgher, Sculptor and 
Designer," awaited the public’s pleasure 
within, 
Long did tho dear creature keep him 
waiting. Only the force of an enthusiast 
and the patience of a genius could have 
borne hint through. No fond parents and 
glorying friends had shaken the napkin of 
Ids poor deformed body to find the tulenl, in 
it, or flattened Ids brains through a high 
pressure “ Institute” to give them a nice, 
wedge-shape for clearing tliolr way. Only 
Ills old German mother, who kept the small 
house be furnished to her, who would wear 
the quaint costume of Vaderland, and shat¬ 
tered her English when she spoke, and 
whose endearment for her son was “ Ach, 
Daw vie!” cared anything about bis struggles 
or his success. lie began modeling with 
the dirt in the gutter, and got himself well 
bastinadoed by the thrifty Frau’s shoe for 
his precocity. He sacrificed chances of be¬ 
coming a counter skipper or a machinist, 
and ran panting after ait with an irrepres¬ 
sible instinct, which his mother could not 
comprehend, and got himself groaned over 
with many an “ Ach, Himmel!” 
Many a night he walked the streets, past 
hundreds of faces, past beer saloons and 
stately residences; past laughter and curs¬ 
ing; past the various scenes that a city pre¬ 
sents, full of such morbid unrest and desire 
as a sensitive heart cannot help pitying. 
Poor David! ho had a bard life. I hope 
you will remember this, charitably, when 
you hear wlmt a fool be made of himself. 
The Mosaic law forbade any maimed per¬ 
son to approach and minister before the 
altar. VVo instinctively expect to see a 
priest to art or holiness, of a noble and 
beautiful appearance. We expect a poet to 
