jFann (! 
I II Pnrlc How, New York. 
01* ICES. j linllnlo Hi., Uoeliesler. 
WHOLE NO, 1075. 
(Entered according to Act of Congress. In the year 13 T 0 , by I). I). T. Mooue, in the Clerk’s Office of Hie District Court of the United States for the Southern D istrict of New Yori c.l 
cou0mm 
GREELEY vs. PETIT. 
questions 
.! n (lament. 
i> incus soil. 
V evucity 
Tins Rural New-Youkeu of June 4th, 
contains some account of friend Gukruky’s 
report of David Petit’s shallotv-plowecl 
farm (so called) in Salem Go., N. .1. The 
Rural says,“ Plowing was being done, and 
he measured it, and found the plow was 
running fully six indies deep,” and said, 
“ lie would have to lie a worse farmer than 
any I know, if lie could not, get good crops 
from that farm with almost any kind of 
plowing.” 
The World says, “ lie failed to find (when 
here) a foot of ground on the entire place 
where the crops are not directly influenced 
by the underlying marl, which is in some 
places laid bare; in others there were from 
three to six and nine tncjw of overlying sur¬ 
face : under such circumstances it would 
seem almost impossible not to produce ex¬ 
cellent harvests.” 
Where he obtained this delicious morsel 
of information for the advocates of deep 
culture lie does not inform us!—certainly 
not in Salem county f Put lie says in the 
World,—“Actual measurements and obser¬ 
vations proved that the 
field* had been plowed, 
as a general thing, fully 
six inches.” 
Since this subject has 
taken such a w itle range j 
and I have been misrep¬ 
resented, duty compels 
me to say, when friend 
Grkkuky was here the ■£- 
ground was hard frozen, /z' 
so no plow could run, ' 
and the whole amount fifyy 
of his observations and W, ( 
measurements w as, — 1/{I , i 
with a grubbing hoc wo Jfijj j jjj 
broke th rough the frozen fJI u nlh i 
ground in one place, but li V| > | j f i ' v 
found no marl; and , \J‘ | 
where a plow had cross- ' /' ■ / ^ 
ed ridges before the ■ a (I 
freezing, in a space of \i '\l i 
about a rod in length, 
the plow bad gone down ? . ' \ 
six Inches. That is all. ■ ^ 
As my name, in con- V 
nection with farming, 
has frequently been '' 
brought before the pub- - 
lie, 1 will here add:— 
Had he shown a dee/re 
to have elicited infer- - 
mation in improving 
land, as much as to 
misrepresent things, 1 . ^ 
could have told him I ~ 
purchased the far m 
alluded to in the win¬ 
ter of 1H4 d. It was 
then, and had been as far back as the mem¬ 
ory of man goeth, poor. I had never seen, 
up to that time, (although living near,) a 
good farm crop of any kind grown upon it. 
This farm lias produced as large Held crops 
within the hist llftepn years—as much grass, 
corn and wheat per acre—on an average, I 
Will venture to say, as friend Greeley has 
ever seen grow, or average, on the same 
amount of land. This change in productive¬ 
ness has not been brought about by deep 
plowing, subsoiling, trenching, nor heavy 
manuring, nor any other expensive mode of 
farming, but. by applying and keeping the 
fertilizers used near the surface of tlie ground, 
where the roots of our field crops do natural¬ 
ly concentrate, thus assisting nature; this, 
connected with good farming, has produced 
the change. 
Friend Greeley speaks of land here where 
the marl crops out. This is the poorest land 
we have for farming, owing to reasons not 
necessary, perhaps, to mention here. Hut os 
to the marl he represents as lying within 
three, six and nine inches of the surface, I 
will say T know of none such, nor within as 
many feet as lie represents inches; nor near 
enough the surface for the crops to he influ- 
eneed favorably thereby. David Petit. 
Salem, N- J. 
--- 
MIDSUMMER PLOWING. 
Every farmer must have observed the 
ameliorating effect which tho sun and rains 
have upon land in midsummer, an effect ex¬ 
tending from the middle of June till well into 
September. August, however, is the month 
for this, beginning in July, Great heat with 
occasional rains does this. It mellows the 
soil, so that the [Jew turns up a liner con¬ 
dition of laud than can he reached any other 
way by the elements. The frost will not do 
it so well, save perhaps in some cases, those 
where clay largely predominates, or, more 
particularly, when it is brought up in a raw 
state. BnL land that has been run, plowed 
wet, so that it is more or loss harsh and 
lumpy, aelay soil reduced, but not too much 
Impoverished, nothing is so good as to plow 
in midsummer—plow, cultivate, and harrow. 
We have reference now to stubble or very 
thin sward. 
best of all if it could lie done in winter, to 
expose insects and foul weed seeds. 
Each farmer should therefore set apart a 
little time in his calculation (unless he is so 
fortunate as to have all good land) to work 
part of his farm at the time or times staled. 
A crop of grain taken off, the land may be 
plowed, cultivated and replowed. This to 
improve mainly the conditiou, the texture, 
which our soils, in general, so much need. 
We must, if we would farm it successfully, 
have our land in a mellow condition, and 
no time so well as to stir it when the air is 
hotly charged with fertilizers, which are 
caitght ns the fresh soil is exposed. The 
germs of seeds will also then start as the warm 
rains tempt them forth; and these turned 
down will form manure and leave the soil 
tho cleaner, and often, to a considerable ex¬ 
tent; only superior warm rains drawing 
forth the more dormant life. A little work¬ 
ing of the soil, then, at this season should be 
done. It prepares the land for winter grain 
or a spring crop. We repeat, we must look 
to the conditiou of our land. V. u. 
-- 
ECONOMICAL NOTES. 
} , ^ 
Preserving Beet Potlricr. 
In a French journal is given Mr. Me¬ 
jia y’s process of preserving beet-leaf fodder 
for winter use by the aid of muriatic acid, 
as follows:—Fill a vessel that will bold ft fly- 
time to time be removed by settling and de- S) t fGA 
canting tho liquor. The leaves must be (flllt* 'itlCITU. 
fresh, as, if they are allowed to wilt, they G£> J qp 
alter and turn black, ami have an unpleas- - 
ant odor, which the acid does not destroy. ORIFICES IN HOG’S LEGS. 
There is nothing to be feared from the acid, - 
as no acid is found in the leaves operated vvi,y bcco,,,w 
upon. The acid combines with the bases All breathing animals require a lull sup- 
in the leaves, and a neutral salt is produced. P'.V of ^ alr t0 ck ' ailH0 lUeu * bloo(1 !,ml 
The open lire may be used, or steam, with enable it to nourish then systems, so as to 
the vessels constructed to suit the condition support life. Proper food and drink are also 
of the process employed. necessary, but no more so than Iresli mr. 
This process and the results have been ex- Doubtless, many people have observed little 
a mi tied by government officials of France, openings in the inside ol the lore legs <»l 
and highly recommended as a means of pro- bo ” 9 > aml lmvu beeu lul(1lba1, lll(W(! °1 H lunL ' 1 
viding a cheap and substantial food for communicated in such a way with the lungs 
cows, especially during the winter. a » 10 sl, UPly ‘(*em with a portion of a.r, and 
when they became obstructed from any 
To Comixtn iki si Eei-iiiizer. cause, they Would sicken and die, unless the 
T. W. Timkrlakk, Warren Go., Va*> obstruction was removed, 
writes: — “I wish to make a fertilizer of Many animals die that are never examined, 
wood ashes, plaster, sail, lime, and river to ascertain the cause of their death, as they 
loam. What should lie the proportions? are owned by those who have not the requi- 
Should I add Peruvian guano? In what site knowledge for ascertaining the cause, or 
manner should the mixture be made?” We will not take the trouble, 
can see no good to result from such a mix- Last spring my brother lost a sow that 
ture. We do not know the eharaeler of our had been well kept, and was lilt enough for 
correspondent’ssoil, hence cannot say which pork at the time she commenced ailing, 
of these fertilizers it is most desirable to tip- About ten or twelve days before she died 
ply to it. But any one of these may In: she breathed with difficulty, mid occasion- 
applied separately to soils that need them, ally made tui effort to cough, as though there 
anti the results will be proportionate to their was something wrong in her throat, hut 
i needs. Ashes and plaster on dry, sandy, or walked around and would try to cat, hut 
_ could not swallow, and 
1 lie thought she was 
jn-I_ choked. Five or six 
...... ' days her fore legs and 
\r’3-— nose looked blue, her 
x, 9 eyes were dull; but she 
/,/ \ /A was conscious of the 
. 1 />'v ■ >s a. P r e s e n e e of any one, 
j j t m rJlil and walked around 
7 some, till tho day pre- 
^ viotis to her death, when 
W\ 8 h e would open her 
l ( \ ^93(1 ^ m 0 u i ant j gasp for 
i i breath. 
''Jl' !'|\ gW, __On opening her, no 
Ij|| ljf\ ^ . obstruction was found 
/ ; , . ''Ill M ' \ ' ■ ' n Her throat; but her 
' ' If' ' J| ! XxjjSSPlungs were greatly con- 
• ■ y/J\llWk ' .’ , A geslcd, being covered 
: v (7<(.with dark spots, and 
- kWSSSL , “-* r 1,100(1 tli,lU > !ls 
^ 11 woul(l lje an iasuffi- 
tione in the oriflcca iii 
clean suds, audit 
''77-would have been a 
benefit to all tho scuvly, 
obstructed pores of the 
SHOW, OXFORD, ENGDAND. u‘i"l boon 
mdstone soils, produce good results. Lime | over the whole system. Those little orifices 
nd salt combined is a good application to in the legs, like the pores of the skin, serve 
mcky soils—those rich in vegetable matter a purpose necessary to animal health and 
-and is profitable to compost with pure existence. They are easily obstructed ; but 
nick to assist decomposition. Peruvian the obstructions must be removed to avoid 
itmio on soils otherwise rich, (as all soils the results. 
muld he to which it is applied,) stimulates By carefully noting these orifices in hogs’ 
egclatiou early in tho season. If there arc legs, one may see how easily they may be- 
ny advantages to result from such a mix- come smeared with dill., so exposed as they 
ire as our correspondent suggests, our ex- are to filth, ami thus endanger life. There 
erience and judgement do not qualify us to arc five or six on the inside of each fore leg, 
xy what they are. the upper ones being larger than the lower 
- ones; and when hogs breathe with difficulty 
lfni‘Minetci‘8 l'or ILiviuers. and their eyes become sunken, we may con- 
Josiaii Pett’vbone, in N. W. Farmer, jecture that these pores are obstructed and 
:’l i ^Zji/ z 1 // // / // < 
■■ M wM 
PORTRAITS OF PRIZE PIGS AT THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY’S SHOW, OXFORD, ENGLAND. 
We seldom plow at this season, as it is 
the season of harvest, and, therefore, crowd¬ 
ed work,(which, however, it should not he.) 
We used to plow when we made fallows, 
and what mellow soil was turned up the 
second plowing! The heal did this mainly, 
aided by the rains. Great heat swells the 
soil, and the warm rains add to the disinlc- 
two gallons, half full of water; add seven 
to ten fluid ounces of muriatic acid, thor¬ 
oughly stirring it that the air iu it may be¬ 
come thoroughly mixed with water. Raise 
the water to boiling, and introduce one hun¬ 
dred and twenty-five pounds of leaves, with 
the root necks that were cut off ill separating 
the roots for the manufacture of sugar. [If 
gration. A relapsing on the occurrence of is proper to state that all that part of the 
the cooler nights, and then a repetition (of 
beat and rain;) and thus the improvement 
goes on. The sun also lias a chemical effect. 
In winter there is only expansion. 
Our hard pieces of land should, therefore, 
he treated in midsummer. It is as import¬ 
ant (with muck land) as anything. Get the 
aid of the frost if you have a stiff, harsh, 
clay soil; tills by plowing in the fall, or very 
early in the spring, so as to get tho amelior¬ 
ating effect of the frosts and snows; but 
root which grows above the surface of the 
ground is usually cut off and left with the 
leaves.— Eds. Rural New-Yorker.] The 
leaves are pressed into tho vessel and left to 
boil ten or fifteen minutes, and then removed 
by wooden forks and drained or dried. The 
dripping wafer runs back into the vessel, 
and the same quantity of acid is again added 
and the same quantity of leaves operated 
upon. From the frequent changes an inso¬ 
luble material accumulates, which must from 
sandstone soils, produce good results. Lime 
and salt combined is a good application to 
mucky soils—those rich in vegetable matter 
—and is profitable to compost with pure 
muck to assist decomposition. Peruvian 
guano on soils otherwise rich, (as all soils 
should he to which it is applied,) stimulates 
vegetation early in the season. If there are 
any advantages to result from such a mix¬ 
ture as our correspondent suggests, our ex¬ 
perience and judgement do not qualify us to 
say what they arc. 
lIai‘oineiei-8 for Enviuers. 
says that, with flic aid of his barometer, lie 
is generally able to judge positively of the 
weather two days ahead. lie knows of no 
investment fora farmer that will pay as well, 
in proportion to amount, as a barometer. 
need washing well. So, also, if I here is scurf 
or dirt on other parts of the liody, it needs 
washing off, to promote health and furnish 
healthful meat.— tr. [We shall be glad to 
hear from our correspondent again. 
l $3.00 i'll It YEAH. 
> Single No., Eight Cents. 
MUMS: 
VOL XXII. NO.!). 
NEW YORK CITY AND ROCHESTER, N, Y. 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUG. 27, 1870. 
