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HORSE NOTES AND QUERIES. 
KITCHENS FOR HOUSES 
S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
VlLLAGI, COKTI.ANK COUNTY, SlW YoEK. 
Mango in llorscs. 
James F. Richards asks for a remedy 
for mange in horses. After washing and 
brushing thoroughly with soap and water, 
rub the horse thoroughly with a composition 
of four ounces of oil of tar mixed with one 
quart of sweet oil. Repeat the application 
ao long as necessary. 
Seeing a request in a late Rural New- 
Yorker for the best, plan of kitchen and 
pantry, I concluded to send the plan of a 
small house that I have recently drawn, the 
kitchen of which contains a good number 
of conveniences for an ordinary amount of 
housework. In the plan (Fig. I) we have a 
hail, E, sitting-room, 8, bed-room, B, kitch¬ 
en, Iv, pantry, P, bath-room, B. back entry, 
E, verandah, V, and several good closets, 
c,c, conveniently arranged. On the north 
aide of the kitchen avc have a sink, a, and 
cupboard, c, conveniently of access to the 
cellarway on one side and to the pantry and 
stove on the other. By the side of the chim¬ 
ney next, to the pantry door some drawers 
could he built which would be very conven¬ 
ient. for towels, table-clothes, &c. Justin- 
side the pantry is a small cupboard hung on 
weights, so as to lower it to the cellar, in 
which to keep victuals. Jt would he near 
the kitchen, and save a great, many tiresome 
journeys up and down stairs. It. should be 
arranged within another, a little larger, 
built in the pantry. These are not very 
common, but ought, to be. 
WOOL, 
To Keep FI Ion off Hovmom. 
Peter Gilbert writes the Rural Neav- 
Yorker :—“ Flies have been so bad on my 
horses that I found it almost impossible to 
work them, so I tried to think of something 
to stop t hem. T took smart weed and soaked 
it in water, and in the morning applied it to 
the horses with a sponge, all over them, and 
found the horses to work along without any 
further trouble, the flies not annoying them 
in the least.” _ 
Managing Work Hornes. 
L. R. Noyes, Springvillc. Iowa, writes the 
Farmers’ Club of tills (New York) city : 
“ For some years Ave Lave followed the plau 
of Starting in the fluid at (1 o’clock and work¬ 
ing steadily until 11. Then the hell rings, 
and the teams are cared for; then have some 
good strengthening bait, and a comfortable 
place for the hands to rest until dinner. I 
start 12 J*j o’clock and work until 5, and then 
let the hands work in the garden or do chores, 
while t.iio horses have ample time to cool 
and rest before the night feed. In this way 
l keep my teams hearty and fat, yet do more 
work than some who drag along all day.” 
its rising stalk. This filler of wool, after 
commencing its outward growth, has to 
penetrate through the pores of the. skin ; it 
then becomes visible to the eye, and by its 
extended growth clothes the animal with a 
covering, varying in character according to 
the circumstances of its growth. Like every 
other organic structure, it needs suitable 
nutriment, upon which it may feed, and from 
which it, may extract the materials required 
for building up its frame work. This nutri¬ 
ment is secured by the small cells, by which 
the wool is rooted beneath the skin, which 
absorb all that the wool requires from the 
blood circulating beneath them. This Avill 
teud to show how the nourishment of wool 
is so much under our control. If the blood 
does not contain the materials required for 
the wool, it is simply impossible for any 
growth to he secured. The cells cannot 
absorb the necessary supplies if not presented 
to them in blood. It therefore becomes evi¬ 
dent, that unless the animal’s food is of such 
a character as to supply the nutriment re¬ 
quired, its growth must cease, On the other 
liaud, a liberal supply of proper matter pro¬ 
motes a rapid growth, and gives it a strength 
of texture considerably greater than is obtain¬ 
ed from inferior food, whilst iis softness is 
fully preserved. 
Food Promofivc of th« Growth of Wool. 
The food required for promoting the 
growth of wool, differs but little from that 
usually given under any liberal system of 
feeding. The special requirement is a supply 
of sulphur, which it usually secures from such 
green crops and corn as clover, vetches, beans, 
peas, lentils, Ac. The influence which these 
have on avooI, has been frequently observed, 
and avc have in this fact an explanation of 
much of the softness of texture which is thus 
produced. Wool appears to require other 
materials for growth, hut ouly such as are 
necessary t or the production of flesh and fat. 
We shall therefore he perfectly safe in pro¬ 
moting the growth of wool—so far as food is 
concerned—if, in addition to our ordinary 
supplies of food, Ave give the animal some 
variety of the leguminous crops already 
named. We have already noticed that the 
avooI has to penetrate the skin in itsoutAvard 
growth. The condition of the skin has, for 
this reason, a most important influence upon 
the character of the wool. It acts as a sort 
of gauge, regulating the size of the fiber. 
Any circumstances which enlarge this gauge 
produce an opening for the growth of coarser 
Collar K»M« on Itovses. 
A veterinarian writes to the Chicago 
Tribune as follows, in answer to a question 
as to the cause of swellings mid collar boils 
on horses-.—“The swelling and collar boils 
you complain of are. not caused by feeding 
salt and ashes, though the latter seems to 
me to he useless. These swellings occur 
most frequently in spring time, and especial 
)y then, when the horse is improving or 
failing off In flesh, thus rendering the collar 
too narrow or t.oo Avidc. Have the collar 
always aa’oII fitted to the horse’s neck, keep 
your earn -3 clean and smooth, and take 
care that the traces or tugs arc always of ex¬ 
actly the same length, and you will have no 
cause to complain. As long as the skin on 
those swell i*igs is not sore, you may use cold 
fomentations. As soon, however, as the 
savi.. gets sore, and the epidermis taken off, 
you will effect a cure by applying three 
times a. day, or Avhon the horse has to work, 
each time the harness is put on or taken off, 
on the sore places, a mixture of pure olive 
oil and lime water, equal parts.” 
heat of summer has just the opposite in¬ 
fluence. The warmth of the skin being con¬ 
siderably increased, the pores become more 
open, and a coarser wool is produced. The 
injury thus occasioned is far from being as 
important*as that arising from cold and wet; 
hut still, if avc desire to produce wool un¬ 
der the most favorable circumstances, Ave 
must, give shelter from extreme heat as Avell 
as from excessive cold. 
Important*? of Breeding. 
However much by judicious management 
we may enable a flock to produce wool under 
the most favorable circumstances, it is per¬ 
fectly clear that, the natural character of the 
breed will he a very important aguncy. Man¬ 
agement, will go far to favor the growth of 
good wool; but it. certainly cannot do all we 
need. Hence the importance of securing 
sheep which are of a suitable breed, and 
from which we may he sure to obtain wool 
of the desired quality and weight. The value 
of long-continued and careful breeding is 
shown as forcibly in the avooI as in the 
general form of the body. Those flocks 
which, for several successive generations, 
have maintained one steady and uniform 
character of avooI, offer the best source from 
which to breed when it is desired to improve 
the wool of any flock. The buyer should 
not look for rams suitable for this purpose 
without duly considering the previous history 
of the flock from which they may he selected. 
Many a sheep possesses the external qualifi¬ 
cations desired—so far as the eye is able to 
judge—but unless the flock from which it, 
lias been obtained has been carefully bred, 
the buyer av ill probably he disappointed. 
The value of a good wool is a strong induce¬ 
ment for making its growth as abundant and 
as good as the local circumstances of a farm 
Avill allow .—Mark lMae Express. 
I3XIS 
axi2 
NOTES FOR BUILDERS 
Plan of Hovho Htiiblo Wanted. 
I desire to build a cheap and convenient 
stable, large enough to hold si.. Vxs t an -. 1 
two tons of hay. Will you be kind enough 
to furnish a plan of the same, through your 
valuable paper? 1 wish to have it so that I 
can have sheds all round.— John J.Inbkeyb. 
On pages 95 and 143 of the last volume of 
the Rural New-Yorker, we gave plans, a 
modification of Avhidh nmy suit our c vie 
spondent, if the plans UiGtnse’VL-s involve too 
much expense. It* our correspondent lias 
not the volume, we will send it. to him, hand¬ 
somely bound,on receipt of $3.50. The Ru¬ 
ral for I860 contains several plans. This 
volume, bound, will be sent on receipt vA.*;! 
We shall be glad, however, to receive and 
publish plans from correspondents, that will 
meet the wants of our readers. 
room, and is well lighted. Un one side 
should he plenty of hooks —not. nails -—to 
hang up things, Next comes the bath¬ 
room, B, the hack end of which extends by 
the entry for the bathing-tub. This is an¬ 
other thing which every house ought to con¬ 
tain. Next is a hack entry, K. closet, c, and 
a good verandah. 
The south side of the kitchen could he kept 
neat and clean—the working done mostly 
on the other side of the room—and Avould be 
a good place to sit when one did not wish to 
use the sitting-room. 
In the sitting-room, S, Is a window open¬ 
ing on to the verandah, then a cupboard, 
then just by the bed-room door are drawers 
by the side of the chimney. In the bed¬ 
room, B, are two large closets. The house 
is small; if one wishes lie can add a parlor; 
but, as was remarked in. a late Rural, it is 
seldom used except in cases of the death of 
one of the family, so had better be dispensed 
with unless one can afford it, a “ show-room ” 
not being of so much importance as the 
rooms used more commonly. 
trtrsman 
Plan tor nn Icu-IIouso Wanted. 
Will you, or some of your readers, please 
give a good plan for an ice-house com¬ 
plete? Also say if it can ho built above 
ground Avith success, and how. Tell me 
Avhat was the matter Avith mine, as it did 
not keep ice. I built fourteen feet square, 
ten feet, below the surface of the ground; 
put, sleepers in the bottom and r-' "-> across 
on top; then tilled in with ; which melted 
most, from the bottom. The bottom was 
perfectly dry and sandy. The walls were 
hoarded inside and out, and left hc,.ow .or 
ventilation, as 1 was told to do. The roof 
was lined Avitli straw.—M. c. l. 
On page 703 of Rural New-Yorker for 
1860, we gave very complete directions 
(with illustration) for building an ice-house 
above grouud. 
lueuirloH A limit Thatching. 
Will you, or some of your readers tell 
how to make a good thatched vooi ? A 
good shingle root costs so much in this 
country that iL is very expensive, for farmers 
to have shingle roof for everything that 
ought, to be under cover. It seems to me 
that a good thatched roof can be made much 
cheaper and answer a very good purpose 
for outbuildings! Will some one give his 
experience through the Rural New-York¬ 
er ? What is the best material to use, taking 
durability and time required for making 
into consideration? Will cornstalks, sur 
glium cane, or broom cornstalk make a 
good roof? They are so stiff I should 
think they would stand our heavy winds 
and not turn up at, the ends. I never saw 
any thatching done ; would like to know all 
about it — Iowa Farmer. 
CATTLE IN NEW SOUTH WALES 
We are apt, to think of the far off province 
of New South Wales as an inferior and lion- 
important adjunct of the great British realm. 
In an agricultural and productive sense, 
nothing could be further from the truth. 
Some idea of the amount of cattle, and con¬ 
sequent meat, supply in the colony, may he 
inferred from a table recently published,giv¬ 
ing the number during the several years from 
January, 1861, to January, 1868, inclusive: 
First of January, 1861,3,271.933; 1862, 2,- 
620,383; 1863, 2.032,522; 1864, 1.924,119; 
1865,1,961,905; 1866,1,771,809, 1867,1,728,- 
427; 1868, 1,761,411. 
Tim deterioration is attributed mainly to 
the prevalence of pleuro-pneumonia,and the 
dllatorinega in the adoption of inoculation 
by the herdsmen, as a preventive of its de¬ 
vastations. 
The number of sheep in the colony have a 
more direct bearing upon the business inter¬ 
ests of many readers of the Rural New- 
Yorker. The statistics are as follows: 
First of January, 1861,6,119,163; 1862,6,- 
550,806; 1863, 7,169,926; 1864, 9,080,463; 
1865, 9,650,106; 1866, 11,6-14,608; 1867,15,- 
066,377; 1868, 16,000,000; 1869, 16,848,217. 
The loss by drouth, in 1869, was upwards of 
1 , 000 , 000 . 
It will be seen the number of sheep has 
been constantly augmenting. From the 
same source, we learn that the quality of the 
flocks is steadily improving, by careful cull¬ 
ing and the introduction of a better class of 
rams. Though heretofore much troubled 
with the scab, the flocks are reported as en¬ 
tirely free from that, disease. 
NOTES AND EXTRACTS 
Sheep Raining in Nebraska. 
A Denver paper says:—We take great 
pleasure iu calling the attention of the public 
to the efforts of S. CocniuvN <fc Co., of this 
county, iu their efforts to encourage wool- 
groAving in Nebraska, and their success in 
their undertakings. They sheared 1,235 
head this season, which averaged a fraction 
over five and a half pounds per head. The 
growth Avas eleven months, and was heavier 
than the same sheep yielded before in Wis¬ 
consin, on a twelve months’ groAvth. This 
much in favor of Nebraska as a sheep rais¬ 
ing State. Their entire flock, at shearing 
time consisted of grades ranging from a half 
to seven-eighth bloods. Mr. Cochran has 
just received about twenty or thirty pure 
blood Iufantados from Vermont, and an 
additional thorough bred Shepherd dog. 
Cotswolda in California. 
By referring to the sale of Cotswold grade 
rams made by the Bucklkv Brothers, avc 
judge that our sheep breeders and avooI 
growers begin to realize that, they want, a 
cross to increase the size of carcass and 
length of wool. Following are the sales of 
Cotswold grade rams for the month of June; 
To Green & Co., Sacramento, twenty; 
Setter & Co., Finn’s Ranch, ten; Wia- 
gington & Co., Snelliug. eight; Kennon & 
Simons, Snelling, (iu addition to tAvelve pur¬ 
chased last season,) four. — San Francisco 
Bulletin. 
Framimi Wooden Buildings. 
A writer in tho Architectural Review 
snys that in constructing wooden buildings, 
there is one thing to which particular atten¬ 
tion should be paid; namely, the binding 
the top of the walls well together, and that 
is accomplished by framing the wall plate 
all around the house, and spiking the ceiling 
joists down on the same ; then herring-hone¬ 
bridging these joists in us many rows as aro 
necessary to make a thoroughly stiff brace 
for the whole. The roof (no matter whetli* 
er Gothic or Mansard) cannot exercise any 
had influence in pushing out the walls when 
this Bystem is adopted. 
Fig. 2 —Plan of a Kitchen, Pantry, Wash¬ 
room, &c. 
The other plan herewith sent (Fig. 2) was 
drawn expressly for the Rural New- 
Yorker, and will he found to contain a 
number of conveniences not always found in 
a farm-house, though it is not claimed to he 
“ the best;” it is claimed to be better than 
the average. 
At one eud of the kitchen, K, is arranged 
the entry, E, opening on the verandah, V; 
also at D into the main part of the house. 
Here are the back stairs, and underneath, are 
tracked Leg* of Cows. 
A CORRESPONDENT at Scio, Allegany 
comity, N. Y., Avrites that some of liia cows 
have cracks on the back sides of their fore 
legs Avhich are dry and hard. The animals 
do uol net sore much. The legs swell some. 
He asks for the cause and a cure. We can¬ 
not answer. Who can ? 
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