fruit the coming season. Your Concord, 
Hartford, or other strong growing kinds, 
having been grown to three strong canes, if 
your posts and wires are put up, and it is 
pruned and tied, it will, or should, look very 
much like Fig. 3. Each of these cancs has 
three buds, and the two upper buds on each 
cuno arc to produce fruit, while the cane on 
the lower bud is to have whatever fruit it 
may set rubbed away, and the canes trained 
for fruiting another year. 
fact that it is made with an inch or less of the 
old wood attached to the base of the cutting, 
and tn that attachment, or base, or crown is 
I am particularly pleased with the Cro¬ 
ton, which produces a strong cane of short 
jointed wood, and very beautiful foliage 
White many of the 
|k Vintnarb 
varieties have been 
J somewhat inclined to mildew , Allen’s Hy¬ 
brid suffering badly in this respect, and the 
Adirondack and Delaware not escaping 
entirely—the Croton is perfectly clean and 
free of it. The Walter is somewhat affected 
unfavorably in this respect, but no traces of 
mildew have appeared upon the Martha, Tel¬ 
egraph, Diana, Hamburg, or Senasqita. The 
Eumelan shows but little of it ; the Iona 
something more; and Roger’s Hybrids Nos. 
3, 15 and 33, are somewhat alleetod with it. 
The season thus far has been most favorable 
for a good growth of wood, which Is ripen¬ 
ing up well, and thus making ready for an¬ 
other grape season.—p. s. b. 
GRAPE PRUNING, Etc. 
G. Lark writes, questioning “when and 
how to trim grape vines, and how to take 
slips from old vines to make new ones?” 
Full information on this subject, wo pub¬ 
lished and illustrated with figures, in April 
and May, 1809: but supposing G. Lark aud 
many others now, hut not then, our readers, 
we will try to give answer in a condensed 
form, to meet his and others’ wants. 
Wlien to Trim. 
The best time is just at the fall of the vine 
leaf in October. Let the main pruning he 
made at that time, if it he possible to com¬ 
mand the time; hut if the work cannot then 
be done, do it if you can, before severe freez¬ 
ing weather; if not then done, postpone it 
until there comes a regular thaw in winter— 
say a week or ten days of soft, moist weath¬ 
er, when the frost is nearly or quite out of 
the ground—and then don’t neglect your 
duty any longer. 
Ilow to Prune. 
This is the second question, and one that 
^ is answered so variously by 
fm writers on grape growing, 
tT and is talked of so opposite- 
ly by vtynevom that an an- 
vA swer in any way will he said 
v\ by some to he assuming; but, 
having studied the grape 
jig pretty thoroughly, and liav- 
ing read every treatise of 
. which we have ever heard, 
^ and practiced, or observed the 
! practice, of each writer, we 
——- — feel that what we say of 
I'm. I. n j[ 0 \ V to Prune,” jf prac¬ 
tical, will result in success to the proprietor 
of the vine on which it is performed. 
Each variety almost, will, after the first 
two years, require a distinct system—so that 
any general rule lor grape pruning of our 
vines would fall to Hie ground if attempted 
to he practiced. The grape grower must 
fust learn the habit and character of his va¬ 
riety, and then he can adapt its pruning and 
training to a mode or (System consonant with 
its class. 
But, of “ How to Prune,” let us say, first, 
that summer pruning—that is, cutting away 
of foliage after the blossom lias opened—is 
now counted, by the majority of rignerons, 
asaih error; and the reason for the error is, 
that each leaf and end of a shoot lias a cor¬ 
responding connection with the spongioles 
or feeding ends of tile roots, and once the 
leaf or shoot connecting therewith is broken, 
the spongiole rootlet, or feeding mouth, is 
affected—is closed from its natural action, 
and, as a consequence, rot and decay ensue, 
creating at the root of the vine, a fungoid 
disease which, if the sunn: system of summer 
pruning were persisted in, would, in a few 
years, result in apparent outward disease of 
the vine, and in rot and mildew of the fruit. 
Having said this much of summer pruning, 
lei us now suppose you have a vine planted 
this past spring, and that you have permitted 
it, as you should, to grow just as many or 
just as few shoots or vines as it pleased; but 
now you want to put it into shape, so that 
next year it; will increase in strength of root 
and prepare itself to give you fruit the year 
following. Take then your knife and cut 
away all the small canes, selecting the larg¬ 
est and best in the center, or as grown from 
the strongest center hud, and cut that so that 
your vine will bo as represented in Fig. 1. 
This first season all vines may be accept¬ 
ably pruned in this way; but when the 
growth in spring comes, it behooves the 
grower to know his vine and his soil. For 
while a Concord, Hartford, or Norton, etc., 
will in good soil he the better for permitting 
the three buds here shown to grow, the 
Delaware, Rebecca, Mottled, Elsinboro and 
some others, will he better to have only two 
buds permitted to grow. As the buds start 
in spring there will he more or less of suck¬ 
er sprouts start from the root, and the dor¬ 
mant bud at base of the main bud will often 
start; the vine must then be watched, aud 
as soon as a shoot appears, other than the 
two or three strong ones from the regular 
suits thorn. On a groat. grain farm, on tobacco 
or cotton or sugar places, (hoy will serve mi ad¬ 
mirable pur pose. They uro content with a little; 
bill, of course will get us much pay as they can, 
and will leave for better wages uh won us more 
is ottered. They sleep mi n straw bunk, and eat, 
rice and stowed chicken. They know nothing of 
strikes or mutiny. They will take much abuse, 
but. it made wretched t hey commit suicide, l 
do not recommend to Mr. Hawley and others («> 
get one; blit let him and live or six others dub 
together, and send to San Franuisco lor Vang- 
Hing and nine others. Vting-Slng must speak 
some English, ami net for the others, collect 
'heir wages, see Unit they ha ve a doctor if sick, 
provide llre-cruckors amt joss-sticks, and agree 
to send their hones back to China it limy dio. 
Commercial Actil ia OnU. Israel Wia.ia, 
I-’lueastle, Va., asks if there is an avid in oak of 
any commercial value which may be extracted; 
and If the resulting charcoal will be useful in 
smelling. Prof. Whitney says there is an acid 
in oak, but it is of no commercial value. Pyro¬ 
ligneous acid may be obtained, and the coal re¬ 
sulting would tie excellent for iron smelting; 
but the prollt would depend upon llm market 
for l ho add and the market Ini' such charcoal. 
No deliuUo answer could bo given. 
Green Porn Fodder for Cow*. — All Arkansas 
farmer has seen the assertion of Dr. Luring 
that green corn fodder is injurious to cows. lie 
wants the opinion of the Club. Mr. (Turns says 
he knows, by long experience and practice, that 
what Do KING says is an absurdity. It is the best 
kind of food Tor cows during July, August and 
September. Ho does not. know wliat his stock 
would have done without it. 
The Cabbage Worm. A cabbage worm, new 
in this neighborhood, is destroying thousands 
of cabbages. Mr. Fuller showed specimens of 
It and said: It Is not a unlive of this country, 
but was supposed to have been imported into 
Canada 111 185(1 or 1857 -at least It made its an- 
Fu tier’s System. 
In answer to your note an my article in 
the Rurai. New-Yorker of the 13th., I 
would simply say that l had not read Ful- 
LRR’s hook, yet honestly supposed that he 
was the originator, from the fact that Il ls 
universally, in this,section,called” Fuller’s 
System.” In addition to this, Mr. Cay wood 
of Poughkeepsie, during a lecture before the 
Horticultural Society of this village last 
Spring, frequently made use of the same ex¬ 
pression, “ Fuller’s System.” I have since 
read the hook, and agree with you that he 
does not claim originality; lmt the flippant 
manner in which lie lays down, and strenu¬ 
ously advocates the horizontal arm and spur 
priming, would, to a casual observer, carry 
the idea that he was the author. Never¬ 
theless, lie has published a hook, thereby 
assuming to he a teacher; and whatever 
damage his teaching may have been to any 
one, makes him just as responsible as if be 
was the originator in fact. Men nre frequently 
induced to act (not fools either) from what 
they naturally suppose the superior know¬ 
ledge and judgment of others, until experi¬ 
ence has proved the fallacy of such preten¬ 
sions.—j. a 
Keeping Grape* Fresh for Winter Hue. 
If you desire delicious, fresh grapes in 
winter, or even up to next spring, they can 
he had by a very little care and expense. 
Pick the hunches only in a dry, warm day, 
and place them in a cool, shady place for at 
least three days; then commence to pack 
them in paper boxes that will hold about 
ten pounds. Bet ween each layer of grapes 
place a single thickness of newspaper; the 
boxes should not contain more than three 
layers in thickness. Then place in a cool, 
dry room—not in a collar, for the natural 
dampness there will cause mold and decay. 
In this way the past very damp unfavorable 
season we kept Concord, Delaware, Hartford 
and Diana, the last being in good condition 
in March .—Rural World. 
VINEYARD NOTES, 
. .. mum ii, mmsiuviiu very rapidly in various 
directions. This worm is tho larva of what, is 
known in Europe as the small cabbage white 
butterfly (t'iain rupee.) The body is black, tho 
front wings while, slightly tipped with black, 
and a small Spot of tho same color in tho centre 
of each. Tho hind wings are usually a pale yel¬ 
lowish while, sometimes with a shade, of green. 
Tho fenutlo usually has two spots of black in 
tho center of the fore-wings, with a rusty gray 
or yellowish tinge covering the whole. By vis¬ 
iting any infested eablmge-piitohcs, these but- 
b ribes may be Seen hovering about the plants. 
They deposit. I Imir eggs singly on tho under side 
of tho leaves. Sometimes two or more eggs 
will lie found near together, but not In an ng- 
ns often deposited by other 
Tho worms when full grown 
Fig. S. 
On old vinos—say those of five or more 
years old, and with such varieties as Concord, 
etc.—these canes should be much longer, 
and have, when pruned in autumn, from 
eight to ten buds each, and then in spring, 
each alternate bud should be rubbed out, 
just before the blossoming of the vine. Fig. 
•I is a representation of tin irregular grown 
vine of the past or second year, and now cut 
to two canes of four buds each, with a spur 
cane at base of one of them, from which to 
grow canes for the coming or succeeding 
year. This, with its four buds to a cane, it 
is supposed should have the lower and the 
third buds rubbed out before the setting of 
fruit, while the tipper and second buds will 
give each three bunches, making twelve 
bunches, full ns much as any young vine 
should bear. 
So much, in a condensed form, of “ How 
to Prune.” Now, in answer to our corre¬ 
spondent’s last question, 
How to Tnke Slip* Troin Old Vino* for the 
Purpose of Growing Now Ones. 
We will suppose our inquirer proposes to 
grow his cuttings in the open ground—as 
the rage and profit of growiug grape roots 
glutlnateil mass, 
kinds of iusocts. 
are about, an inch and u-hulf lung, pale green, 
wM tui very small yellow stripe down tho back, 
unit minute yellow dots along the sides. These 
worms not only devour tho largo leaves, but; 
bore Into tho center or the largest cabbage- 
head. ♦kill, slaked 11 mo, or guano will cheek 
this post when JI first at Dicks young plants, but, 
it soon uurcows Into hu ge heads, and is then be¬ 
yond the reach of outward applications. This 
cabbage-worm sublent is one of great impor¬ 
tance, and wo know Micro are at this moment, 
hundreds of persons who stand appalled ut tho 
destruction which Is being wrought. 
Mr. O’Donnel said:—Out. on Long Island I 
have not found salt na effectual as Mr. Fum, eh 
seems to think it. 1 have tried ashes, and they 
don't answer. Kerosene kills the cabbage, but 
don't kill the worm. Mr. Quinn said;-1 have 
tried no less than fifteen different powders or 
decoctions, and And the best result from tho ap¬ 
plication of a mixture composed of twenty parts 
sulphate of lime, one part carbolic powder, amt 
three or four parts of quicklime. This I 
sprinkled in small quantities upon the leaves 
and parts affected, making the application In 
early morning beforo tho dew is otf, or after a 
shower. Frequent repetition is sometimes 
accessary. [We have engravings of this insect 
ranking, which wc shall publish at an early day, 
with notes thereon hy Mr. Staukeeu.— Ens. Ru¬ 
ral. New-Yorker.] 
Fanil Foremen.—The Commander of the. Club 
read letters from correspondents who desired 
situations as farm foremen, having laid experi¬ 
ence as agriculturists. The testimony of mem¬ 
bers was that there were plenty of Slleh situa¬ 
tions for tho rUihl kind of men. A committee, 
consisting or Lyman, Ukade and Quinn, was 
appointed us a sort of Labor Bureau, to receive 
applications from those who desired to employ 
such persons, and those who desire to be em¬ 
ployed. 
Bloody Milk.—I). E. Foster, Capo May, N. J., 
has a heifer that he milked all last winter, but 
which unw gives bloody milk. Ho asks for tho 
eauge and a remedy. Mr. Culms said the bloody 
milk results from an inflamed udder; but tho 
inflammation may result from many causes— 
from a bruise caused by a stone thrown by a 
mischievous boy; from a hook by another cow, 
or by something the animal lias oat en. Feed tho 
cow poke root In her feed, and bathe the udder 
with some cooling lotion, to ally inflammation. 
A French .r«-r><cyinaii’» Fruit.—The Commander 
had visited a Frenchman named P anrn w, near 
Newark, N. J., who has been engaged in fruit 
culture in New Jersey for thirty years. He told of 
a cherry tree, a French variety, [the Command¬ 
er should be more specific and toll the name of 
the variety -Bus. Rural,] the crop of which 
netted him $280. His pear trees were very pro¬ 
ductive. Dr. Thxmbi.e said this gentleman had 
proven thut French varieties of grapes were use¬ 
less here. 
Market Gardening In Snvannnli, (in. — Dr. 
OEM lit,ER, Savannah, (la., says he can send ripo 
tomatoes to New York and other Northern cities 
curly in Juno. In July ho can give us large, 
well-flavored sweet potatoes. And during tho 
spring and summer ho can make regular and 
Mi-weekly shipments of cucumbers, melons, 
squashes, peas, beans, Irish potatoes, lettuce, 
cabbage, and radishes. Three-quarters of an 
acre yield sit the rata of $550 per acre. If lie had 
set, hi* |ilani>. at. tlie distune*' recommended by 
Peter Henderson, Ids yield would hnvobeon 
double the amount in money. His vegetables 
sold nt «u average of $8.40 per ernto, audit' he 
hud titty acres In bearing bis shipments might 
be 700 crates at a time, and the returns over 
$5,000. I r he could have sold from fifty acres at 
the prices obtained t his year, the calculated pro- 
niui/lo iirmi I/I f»/» nvur filk'i 
isntssions 
AMERICAN INST. FARMERS’ CLUB, 
Notes of Discussion*. Extracts from let¬ 
ters, «Scc. 
About Pecan Trees in Texas.—C. F. Dewer, 
Houston, Texas, writes:—Let me tell you what 
can he done in tho county of Harris, within 
twenty mill's of this Important commeroial point, 
insuring to the patient aud enterprising not oidy 
large but annual returns, after llftoon years, by 
merely Inclosing ibo prairie land with wire fenc¬ 
ing, to keep the cattle off, and planting it. in pe¬ 
can trees. The soil, climate, and location a real I 
adapted to tho successful growth of this tree; 
and the young trees, Of Size to set out, can be 
had from clumps anil branches, or creeks In tho 
prairie, and tho neighboring San Jacinto and 
Brazos Rivers Wood lands. But even from the 
seed tin' trees will bear pecans in fifteen years as 
an average—some (rees will produce earlier. The 
land for this purpose can now be bad at $8 per 
acre. In addition, one could secure an immedi¬ 
ate annual Income from cutting the line prairie 
grasses for hay, commanding ready market at 
Houston and Galveston cities by means of rail¬ 
road transportation of ready access. F.vory one 
admires the richness and flue flavor of the pecan 
nut, and there has never been a time in Texas 
they have not. been cash at $1.50 to $3 per bushel. 
l)o Ike Legs or Brood Mare* Swell t— B. p. 
Wauling, Lawrence, Kan., asks If It fs usual for 
the limbs of brood mares to swell at this season 
of the year. Mr. Cuims says It Is common for 
the Umbaof brood nuires to swell before foaling, 
especially at this season. 
Black Locust from Seed. — Geo. COPELAND, 
Dresden, O., asks how to prepare the seed of tho 
black looust, and when to plant it. Mr. Fuller 
says:—“Gather tho seed in uutumn, and clean 
them from the pods and pulp; then sow im¬ 
mediately, or mix with sand, and bury them in 
the open ground until spring, and fhen sow. 
Locust, seed grow almost as readily as wheat, if 
never allowed to got dry. If seeds ha.vo to be 
purchased, and aro dry wlien received, pour 
scalding hot water over them, and allow it to 
remain until cool; then drain off and mix them 
with dry wood ashes in sufficient quantity to 
take up the moisture on their surface and pre¬ 
vent their sticking together when sown. 
The Chinese n«t Form Laborers.—G eo. S. Haw- 
lev, New Haven, Vt., asks whether Chineso 
work only in squads, or can tie employed singly; 
and if they make good farm lmmls. Mr. Lyman 
replied that they do not work as well singly. 
They like to be associated, and work by the Job. 
I u tbe g"eat grain States of tho West—as Illinois, 
Iowa, Wisconsin, and especially Minnesota - 
they will soon bo traveling in great gangs, and 
binding and stacking grain at $1 and $1.25 an 
in forcing houses has had its day, and forced 
many a man in debt for years. Then we 
have only to say to him that any well ripen¬ 
ed wood cut with two eyes on it, us shown 
in figure 5, is all that is requisite; and yet 
vve confess a penchant for tho old style of 
mallet cutting, which is shown in our figure 
G. It differs from the former only in the 
beautifully compact bunches. Union Vil¬ 
lage, very flourishing and prolific; the 
hunches are the most showy of any variety 
here cultivated. Iona, though growing vig¬ 
orously, hasn't a grape on it. The Salem, 
Eumelan, Croton, and Senasqua, not yet in 
bearing, are growing finely, and the foliage 
indicates health and vigor. 
