mum. 
MOOES 8 S &1TBAL NH’IDEIM 
mv* s4 
ubustrial Copies. 
RESULTS OF PROTECTION. 
Protection to American industry lias 
prevented the increase of poverty in our 
country, and increased the welfare of the 
workingmen. Under protection, the Ameri¬ 
can laborer enjoys t lie comforts of life, while 
the European laborer barely lives. Car¬ 
lyle portrays the condition of the working¬ 
men of England in these words: 
“ Some two millions, it is not, counted, sit 
in workhouses, poor law prisons, or have 
‘ outdoor relief’ flung over the avail to them ; 
the workhouse hostile being filled to burst¬ 
ing, and the strong poor law broken asun¬ 
der by a stronger. Twelve thousand work- 
houses in England alone; they sit there 
pent up, as in a kind of horrid enchantment, 
glad to be imprisoned and enchanted, that 
they may not perish starved.” 
Bucli is tlie condition of the workingmen 
under free trade. The condition of the poor 
laborers in France is such that It is a con¬ 
stant source of apprehension to the French 
Government. The laborers arc no belter olF 
in Spain. In all European countries where 
free trade is adopted by the Government, 
the worker’s life is one of slavery > the" dull 
millions that in the work-shop or furrow- 
field grind freedom at the wheel of labor, 
like haltered gin-horses—if lame, so much 
the better.” 
In the United States things arc different. 
Dining the last ten years this Government 
has had a just system of tariff and during 
that lime pauperism has decreased. In Mas¬ 
sachusetts, where the density of population is 
greater than In Spain and Portugal, and but 
little less than in Ireland, Scotland and Pros* 
'sia, the number of paupers has become ma¬ 
terially less in the last ten years. In New 
York oily, which is the most grievously tor¬ 
mented with paupers, it is found that, the 
number of persons who received charitable 
aid did not exceed, in 1809,20,000 in a popu¬ 
lation of nearly a million; while in the city 
of London, with a population of 8,000,000, 
there are eight times as many paupers—or 
from 150,000 to 165,000. 
England boasts of free trade as the thing 
conducive to the happiness of the poor; still 
it produces misery wherever it is adapted by 
a nation, as the city of London shows. Un¬ 
der the workings of free trade, in England, 
there are as many children in the poor-house 
as there arc. in school. On the other hand 
protection ameliorates the condition of the 
humblest classes, and precludes the possibili¬ 
ty of forming a pauper caste; it extends per¬ 
manent benefits of the highest civilization. 
Another important result of protection is 
that it brings to this country great numbers 
of laborers, increasing the population and 
the wealth. In the absence of immigration, 
the gain of population would be represented 
by the increase of births over death'-, which 
is at the rate of 1.38 per cent. This would 
give ns in 1870, a population of about 13,- 
000,000 instead of 41,500,000. This shows 
that the population gained by the United 
States by immigration since 1790, is 28,500,- 
000. In other words:—" Immigration has 
enabled this country to anticipate its natural 
growth some forty years.” During the last 
ten years, under protection, the population 
has increased one-fourth, and this increase 
has principally been laborers from European 
countries, who have left countries where free 
trade is adopted, and come where just tarilT 
Jaws are enacted. 
German statisticians have recently under¬ 
taken to establish the capital value of immi¬ 
gration to this country. From their esti¬ 
mates, it is calculated that, with the immi¬ 
grant’s clothing, books and tools, together 
with his average cash capital, the total value 
of each immigrant’s property is $150. In 
1800 the total arrivals at the port of New 
York were 250,000 persons, who added to 
the national capital not much less tlmu 
$37,500,000 in available wealth. 
One German statistician divides the 
economic life of every individual into three 
periods—two unproductive and one pro¬ 
ductive. The first period extends to the fif¬ 
teenth year, and includes the bringing up 
and education. The second, which is the 
fruitful period, extends from the fifteenth to 
the sixty-fifth. The third period is the de¬ 
cline of life. Compared with this standard, 
an immigrant is worth to this country as 
much as it costs to bring him up and educate 
him. It 4* estimated that the cost of bring¬ 
ing up a manual laborer in Germany is 150 
thalers, and of an American fnnnet $1,500. 
An American girl costs $750 only, us her 
services are made available at an earlier 
period in I he household. Taking into con¬ 
sideration that one-lifl.1i of the immigrants 
are less than fifteen years of age, which is 
balanced by the excess of males over fe¬ 
males, and by skilled workmen, it. is found 
that the average value of every person, of 
either sex, is $1,123. The number of immi¬ 
grants who annually arrive in this country 
is, in round numbers, 300,000. If to the 
average cost of $1,125 he added the average 
value of personal property owned by each ,-Li, Gi) 
immigrant, $150 per capita, the national $ COtT01tT1)♦ 
wealth for 1869 has been increased by immi- \<l> ff' ^ 
grution nearly $400,000,000, or nearly a rail- - ■ . 1 ■ = 
lion of dollars per day. a FARM GATE. 
All of tliis national wealth and popula- - 
lion is mainly the result of protection; for I have a gate which has been in use eight 
protection prevents the competition of the years, and works as well to-day as the first 
American laborer with the European pan- day it was put up, a sketch of which I here- 
per, thereby elevating the workingmen of with send you. 1 now have nine of them on 
Q\ To know that a man has written so many 
intnn (temomy. sensible suggestions on the “ care of farm 
implements’ 1 for the columns of the Rural 
—- New-Yorker, and then witness what we 
A FARM GATE did, l ends us t0 r *mark, notwithstanding all 
_’ we had seen of his crops, that in this rc- 
I have a gate which has been in use eight spent he proved indeed a 41 shiftless farmer.” 
orsnmtn; 
GROOMING TROTTING HORSES. 
There are but few who know how to 
this country and nil who come here. 
my farm. Not one of them has cost me a 
Tn one field we found a good-looking culti- properly take care of the trotting horse. It 
valor left just where it had been used, ap- j s a great art. It requires long practice, 
parently weeks ago; in the corner of a rail close observation, and the best, judgment. In 
Free trade adopted by this government dollar since erected, nor any repairs except 
fence we observed a subsoil plow, which 
looked as if it had laid in that condition 
would destroy our prosperity and wealth, 
and make the United States dependent upon 
England, and bring them to n condition sim¬ 
ilar to that of Ireland, India and Australia. 
Nearly all of the newspapers of Ireland 
are. printed ju England, and then sent to 
Ireland, stamped and mailed as Irish news¬ 
papers. But sending work to England is 
not confined to the printing of newspapers. 
It extends to all branches of manufacturing, 
as the following figures will show. In 1801 
the number of factories—cotton, worsted, 
woolen, hemp, llax jute, hosiery and silks— 
was ns follows: 
RMptlMl Irish 
Puciorlas. Factories. 
two of them have had new sills. They are 
constructed as followsFour posts arc set 
firmly in line, so that the front will be true. 
Measure fourteen feet, in line, with those al¬ 
ready set, and set the post the gate shuts 
against. I then place the sill for the gate to 
run on, fourteen or sixteen feet long, put 
down solid. The sill for the gate to run 
this article we shall have nothing to say 
about giving him feed, exercise, training, 
almost since the year one, and received the &c., but speak of grooming ns generally un 
benefits of the pelting storms and scorching 
sun; the shares, once bright, were now 
rusty. Near the hennery we observed a hay 
tedder, apparently in position for the hens 
to roost upon; in the cow-yard we found a 
“ Cayuga Chief” mower (we think it was) put 
derstood — that is, currying, brushing, rub¬ 
bing, and keeping his coat and skin in order. 
Not only his looks, but his health, strength, 
and speed depend in a great measure upon 
the grooming he receives. 
The object of the groom should be to re- 
back on can be made of any light material | have it ready and handy when his fine field 
out of the -way (?) in this manner, so as to move „)| dirt, dandruff and other impurities 
Cotton. 
Wornt!‘ii. 
Wooten. 
Hemp. 
I* IllX. 
Jllto. 
ItoMiory.. 
Silk. 
Total.6.652 
The number of operatives cut) 1 
the English factories was, in 1801 
in the Irish, 37,873. This shows, i it 1 
the population of England is ou . 1 
three times that of Ireland, nearly uit< -n I 
times as many people find employ meat in 
English ns in Irish factories. Free trade bus 
never done anything for Ireland, India or, 
Australia. All the so-called udvam.i ■ ac¬ 
cruing to England from free tr.-Hc, are 
wrenched from her dependencies, which 
must correspondingly suffer. 
The con trust of the workings of In <■ Made 
and protection is widely different I’rok-e- 
lion is developing this country w.Mii pm 
gross unparalleled in the annuls o! Id:-.lory. 
Manufactories arc established v/ln h 
change the manufactured fabric for farm 
produce, thus making a home mar : ! to the , 
agriculturist. Protection brings a i"ige 
revenue to the national treasury,: , w 
guardion of the laborer. Eminent a ■ • 
men, such as Alexander IIamii ' 
Thji >: 
ihul will sustain the weightof the gate. Thu ready to cut. Other implements, 
sill should hayc aboutono inch down grade j irows » clod-crushers, &c., were 
Ion oil the shutting post, and be spiked last, 1 kl M nni cure ot. 
; u, the posts. The gale ismadeof any width 01 remonstrating with him about his 
lumber, and long enough to hip four inches ‘ ''.itiles ” manner of caring for Iris tools, 
on the shutting post, and about two feet on arid reminding him of the valuable sugges- 
tho groove post, to keep it Steady. At the lk,;i br ‘ had given, through the columns of 
bottom, the gate must have two boards to ljn Hyk.u. New-Yorker, on the care of 
support tins polls that the rollers turn on. ! 1:11 ids, of his advice, that when 
These rollers should he six iuches in diame- !lll ' ,>u ' r| ' diem they should he cleaned, 
and reminding him of the valuable sugges- 
frotn the hair and skin; also, to open tlie 
pores of the skin, and remove all obstruc¬ 
tions. This should be clone on every part of 
the body and limbs. No part should be 
slighted. 
Now, as to how this should lie done. A 
good stiff brush is the best thing to use for 
the purpose. The curry-comb should only 
be used to remove mud, and particularly 
upon a nervous horse with a thin skin. 
Some grooms like to apply the curry-comb 
on the tender skin of the horse, to put him 
in all the agony possible. They like to see 
him kick and bile. They will rub him in 
the flank and under the belly with additional 
strength, to sec what capers hu will cut up. 
We have sometimes thought we would like 
to give these fellows a rubbing down or two, 
to teach them how good it. feels. It spoils 
grass unparalleled Su the annuls «■: w . Uo,ou P u »<sl*ed, sp us to Jot .twelve-penny 
Manufactories arc established v/ln ! mula through to nail to the sfll, about two 
change the manufactured fabric f-r farm J lwL “pan. Nail down the rod, and it is 
produce, thus making a home mark to un U:i ‘4 1111 'legate. 
agriculturist. Protection brings a : lhw gatcus put together with sixteen two 
revenue to the national treasury, : . c ""d a-hall inch bolls and eight three and a- 
guurdian of the laborer. Eminem btib * ucb 1 '<»lUs; tin: three and a-hull inch 
men, such as Alexander IIamii belts go tinough three hoards at the bottom. 
drew Jackson, and Henry Clay - ! . « jothas (as per drawing) go petween the 
vocated th. enactment of protectiv* drill WUwa boards clos^ under the brace, so as 
law Th. practical workings of ... Upbearing* Uip bolts should fit the : 
have demonstrated that it is the 1 -< r<> •igld its possible. 1 heso rollers in 
theory upon which this Govern, , u their piece, pul up the gate op the rod, mid 
continue to advance in prosperity :i i i,, 1UU ' ,,a ^pu the I'.mco; mark the Jour ; 
velop the resources of the whole < p<>; » "i i»*tneh above the top or the fate; 
Darius II. Pi uj v. s,nv oil' square, in line; place on top 
of the ppsts a joist twelve inches wide, two 
I inches thick; let. ji project over in front of 
the gale far enough to clear it ; now nail 
l a six-inch strip on the edge of the joist, so 
tlntj the top edge will he even with thy top j 
side of the. joist ; the four inches projecting 
down will serve as a groove for the gate to 
ter, an inch thick, to run in hull-round iron, I 1! ‘ " ! l,1 ' k painted, housed and pro- 
placed at a proper distance from the bottom " ’ <l ,rn " die inclemency of the weather, 
board of the ffnec, so as to let the gale pass ooMI >, informed us he had been in the 
without nibbing. The iron rod should have ' 1 ' >g his implements apart and 
firms he had riven, through the columns of ‘^ temper of the horse ; makes him a inter 
i.r It, km, New-Yorker, on the care of "U kicker ; it does him no good but great 
farm implements, of his advice, that when «<W- lbe S™"' wl11 opkick orl,e * 1 
thromd. using them they should he cleaned, lUc l>°or horse after putting him m such 
Ur w t od - work pai n ted, housed and pro- Ihe tone oithevo.ee in the stable 
t«. - id from 1 lie inclemency of the weather, Hl0ud ahva *>' H lK: 6oft ,UH ki ! 1(1 ;. T,IC ,lorsc 
he coldly informed ns he had been in the 8hm,U1 lu f" tLllt In,in i« his fhend-uot a 
habit of t-iking his implements apart and D iant!in ‘ enemy. 
riming in *n the barn and workshop, but The grooming should be done m tbe gen- 
hcthuucb .hat practice hurt them,! Now, ,lest Pd^blc maimer, particularly on nerv- 
ssaoou-ish. gets a little time, he means to 0Uf * kor8es Wlllj " ie b t ll18h 011C 
i did a ool-liousc in which to store his farm ®“' d ' Uc cnny-comb in the other, to remove 
Implements lie actually showed us some tlie * rt tl,e br " sb * & over 8“«y b,u 
Eimiier. tiered around', which ho said he thorough y, every part ot the horse. Get 
had purchased for that purpose. • °"\° rbair - iiud /he skin. 
. nf iMicMhift After the brushing la done, lake cloths and 
riming n: in the barn and workshop, hut 
he though i hat practice hurt them/ Now, 
- soon as he gets a little time, he means to 
l did a ol-liousc in w hich to store, his farm 
mpleii.enb lie actually showed us some 
RUNNING BEHIND. 
In h rural community wo often In n it re¬ 
marked that such a man " is running I'riiind ;” 
and where such remarks become y* a d wo 
may know there is a scriuv loosest here 
Take farmer B as an exampleHe ‘he run in and keep it in its place; now spike 
son of a wealthy farmer ami being 
largo farm by his father is of course it 
thu joist to the tops of'4he post firmly let 
the gate lap on the shutting post about four 
had purchased for that purpose. • 
It atriku- us lids manner of make-shift ... 
fan. big is practiced by many other theoreti- r,lb lhc horse thoroughly, getting up a fric- 
cuImmm- Who put upon paper what they tlou which will set the pores to work. It. 
, i jout any sort of reason, and "’d! make the ham glossy. Old salt sacks 
4 ■ i. i. .hey should practice, Are tbo best n,bbers , l ml Cim be Vaed. A 
- , their brother farmers, whom suppffy of these aliould ,dways he kept 
Cwv fid,, would teach, that they can not only hlll,d -’ dean and d ^; The feet should then 
vi be the best modes of fanning, but "'ashed out and dried, 
practically demonstrate the correctness of , One thorough cleansing a day is enough, 
i l.cir teachings. When they do this agricul- dollt3,dleI exeioisc. Bui it is usual t.o give 
Hue will be improved, and more confidence him a duaiiateg hi the morning be- 
v, ill I t placed in the assertions they make fore woik, aud then a thorough one alter his 
through trie public prints. Senex. (!XW ’ ds0 . !llld a g ,lin 11 ndmmg after the eve- 
_ t , ning walk. This is all well enough ; but 
ECONOMICAL NOTES. some grooms keep at work all the time nt 
- their horses, allowing them no time to rest 
c n wkiun Food for Domestic Animats. This i wrong. The horse should not be in 
I rr i that 1 cannot better serve the in- terfered with alter the rubbing he receives 
Ho f stock-keepers than by calling after his exercise in the morning, till lie gets 
t!'*-ir attrition to the importance of this his evening walk. He will take his feed at 
subject. All doubt of the economy of cook- nine o’clock in the morning and rest till 
a man to work or to see poiso, .at inches on half of lira posts; then nail the 
others work. The consequences a , eiul*, oi die boards to the post occupying 
behind. In the morning he bile die oiler hall, so that the gale will abut 
fast horses to go to the village for ug .ln t the butts, which will help sustain 
fling matter or drives thorn Out fin ll i pc v; now nail u board solidiu linu with 
At every fair, horse race, show, H»e butte, and thick enough to project a 
t Iml occurs you are sure to find how quarter to a-hall inch flym the gate; nail a 
ever hurrying may ho the season. (flout hom'd OR tlie previous one, and let it 
Farmers who drive fast hors. project■ over about throe inches toward the 
ever ready to run on some triflii , i i gate, uul in line with the post, so as to make 
that hoy or wife could do, are n y- hud a groove fop (he gate to staud in. If it is 
paymasters and slip-shod farmers, i’lny are 
always complaining that money is le u. 
wheat low, the weather had and cu> s pc , 
Work, with them, is the exception . ui 
you will often hear them say to > i 
worked liired man, I wish I had it 
you do. They return fromadrh. ; « , 
their" two-fortys” and slush roe;: 
or two ami perhaps charge the • man 
with doing a very poor afternoon’- ' m- 
Men of this class are always rctn.y v 
fishing, to a picnic or any sort ui i 
rally, regardless of the fact that they i.aw 
taxes to meet and their debts to pay. I once 
heard a poor man ask one of these men, who 
sports a, costly “ skelton ” and a fancy team, 
for wages which lie had earned and needed 
in his family, and was indignant to hear him 
say:—“ You need not ask me for money ; I 
don’t know when I shall have it ioryoii and 
will pay when I get ready.” 
Just so He did not know when he would 
have it nor can any one who farms it as he 
did. He had plenty of time to fish and ride 
aud visit; in short, lime enough for anything 
but hard work and llio self denial needed to 
maintain his credit for good management 
and prompt pay. 
As Cassius said to Brutus, the faults of 
these men is not in the times hut in themselves 
that they are running behind. n. k. f. 
Nashville, Tenn., is to have one of the largest 
cotton factories in the South. A company with 
a capital of $300,(MX) is erecting a fnii!diiig300 feet 
long, 00 feel wide, four stories high. It is to g-o 
in operation Jan. 1,1S71; 300 hands aro to be em¬ 
ployed. 
,, properly shaped, the gate will jam in it and 
remain solid until it. is removed hack. 
Thesi'‘gates arc the cheapest and most 
durubh of any 1 have cvcp used. I wu now 
aixl.V rears of age, aud have used all kiuds, 
but these are the cheapest and best. 
Genova, Nevudu, 1870. \V. H. Smith. 
ing by awiming the food fed in winter to all 
the domestic animals, is removed by the 
many reful experiments that have been 
made mirier a great variety of circumstances, 
by the most reliable men in the country. 
I lie approvement, and reduction of the 
e ot strain generators has, of late, been 
very eroat. The danger from their use 1ms 
y i ily retarded the more general introduc¬ 
tion of arrangements for steaming food for 
stock. 
\V< have them now that are very econom¬ 
ical nml safe, operate well, and are so simple 
that any farm hand cun run tliem. Farmers 
■■ pose to introduce steam cooking 
noon, when he will again take his feed, and 
rest till three or four o’clock, when it will do 
him good to have a walk of half an hour 
or so, and then a careful rubbing will Vie 
beneficial. 
When a horse comes in from Ins exercise 
sweating, a blanket should lie thrown over 
him to keep the sweat from cooling off, and 
a couple of good men should rub him dry 
as soon as possible. The hood and blanket 
can he applied once or twice a week on most 
horses beneficially, to draw out a greater 
amount of perspiration, opening the pores 
of the skin,reducing the surplus matter and 
do we 
CARE OF IMPLEMENTS. 
Scri x Indict* ii KumI CorrcMi>otidi-ni, 
" Preach one thing and practice another” 
has long been said to in* a rule with a large 
public teachers; hut we j r aw 
a more striking verification of its i : U i Imu 
a few days ago on visiting the farm of one 
of these habitual preachers. The readers 
of tlie Rural New-Yorker must have be¬ 
come familiarly acquainted with the wri¬ 
tings of one Perin Tone, who for years 
lose to introduce steam cooking cleansing the pores. But this should not be 
lor use the coming winter, would carried too far, or it will weaken and injure 
. > have all the work executed before him. 
• her becomes cold, and so arrange No horse can be put in proper condition 
apparatus so as to guard against for trotting without the most careful atten¬ 
tion to grooming. It is just, us Important as 
■ it advantage arising from steaming it is to give him the proper amount of feed 
iod for slock in which there are lia- fl-ud work. A great interest is now awakened 
,e seeds of any description, is that \ n /' e ho1 ^ £ bei . e . are 8U ' ai “ s - d 
. , J , . * ’ , trotting blood just as reliable as m racing 
lity of such seeds is destroyed, and j>lornl. Trotting horses can he bred as sue- 
1 i n . . i n ii t i .... . * a .... 
all lb* apparatus so as to guard against 
frost. 
t advantage arising from steaming 
>od for stock in w hich there are lia¬ 
ble tu be seeds of any description, is that 
the vitality of such seeds is destroyed, and 
the manure is freed from all noxious weed cessfully, and far more profitably, than race- 
seeds—a matter of much greater importance 
than it is considered by culturists generally. 
The chaff of our grain crops, which con¬ 
tains most of the foul seed gathered with 
homes. Every one wants a fine-moving 
horse, be lie merchant, farmer or divine. It 
is yo stigma to a man, in any profession, 
that lie loves a good horse—a horse that can 
carry him along rapidly, when lie wants to 
past has offered some good and wholesome the crops should be steamed to destroy the go rapidly. And if farmers would pay more 
advice to his brother farmers. To show how 
well he practices what he preaches is the 
object of this article, i. e., to tell the render 
w hat we saw on lii> premises. 
Wo found his fields looking well gener¬ 
ally—line growing crops of corn, clover 
seed, five acres or more of Hubbard Squash, 
three or four acres of white-spined cucum¬ 
bers, and as many acres of beans, which he 
informed us he was growing as an ex peri- 
vitality of the seed, ere it goes Into the 
manure heap. If not steamed before it is 
returned to the land, it would he better to 
hum it, rather than lake such an amount of 
foul seeds back on the land. ,J. w. 
Baltimore, Md., 1870. 
attention to breeding good trotters, they 
would find their profits much increased-- 
Rural World. 
Remedy for Suddle Gall*. 
lx answer to a correspondent, Wilkes 
w Spirit says:—If tbe back is considerably 
seed, five acres or more of Hubbard Squash, ia«»« #u Green sward. swollen ii should he well fomented for at 
three or four acres of white-spined ettcum- . A writer in the Journal of the Royal least half an b ^ a ’ d 
, ... I - , , Agricultural Society, describing the pernm- lotion composed of two dracltms Ol Goulaju a 
hers, and as many acres ol beans, which he aence of t |, e ue Uo‘n of lime, says that he extract; one ounce of glycerine, in half a 
informed us he was growing us an ex peri- knows a piece of ground containing one him- pint of water. The saddle should never he 
ment, for seed, for a noted seed-dealer, dred and sixty-six acres, which formerly reapplied until the sore is healed and the 
These crops indeed looked fine, and showed grew nothing but heath. A good dressing of skin is free from all inflammation, even if 
E ,„„, Conn cn,U„,. Bill U .0 " sliM.od” J™ 
caie betook ot Ins tarm implements at- was done several years ago, and totally era- placing a green cabbage leaf over the bruised 
traded a good share of our attention and dicated Hie heath. The lime to this day ap- part, and keeping the saddle on for an hour 
caused much astonishment. 
pears in full action. 
or two after work. 
