red berries in autumn. Tbe berries are edi¬ 
ble, ami sometimes used for tarts where 
other kinds of fruit are scarce. 
Dogwood (Covnns.) 
There are a number of species belonging 
to this genus, really all of them worth grow¬ 
ing for their handsome berries. The red and 
yellow cornelian cherry, (Cornu* musculo) 
are always desirable, and have few equals 
when loaded with fruit. Our common white 
Dogwood (C. Jlorida) is very showy when 
in full bloom iu spring, but scarcely more 
beautiful titan in autumn with each branch 
tipped with scarlet berries, of tbe size shown 
in tbe accompanying illustration. 
Elderberry (Sninbnens.) 
Few persons would think of planting 
elderberry bushes for ornamental purposes; 
but there are usually a few places in every 
garden where a bush ov two of some ouc or 
more of the varieties of elder would add 
something to the general good appearance 
of the place. The common black, red, and 
yellow berried sorts are the best. 
Holly (Ilex.) 
Our common evergreen holly (Ilex opacca) 
is really one of the most superb ornamental 
shrubs (or small trees) that we possess. Its 
deep scarlet berries, half hidden by the deep 
green leaves in autumn and winter, make it 
an object worthy of a place in the rarest col¬ 
lection of plants. The next best of this ge¬ 
nus, is the common wi'nterberry, found in 
almost all low grounds in the Eastern States 
and in some portions of the West. It is not 
an evergreen, and when the leaves fall in au¬ 
tumn, the bright scarlet, berries produce a 
most brilliant effect, 
K(vawberrjr Tree (Eiionyiniis.) 
There are many species and varieties that 
produce beautiful berrigs iu autumn. The 
American Burning Bush, or Spindle tree, is 
well known at the South and West for its 
beautiful red berries, and in our gardens and 
nurseries there are many varieties raised 
from the native, as well as foreign species. 
Tbe largest und earliest variety is the Eunny- 
mns la/ifo/t, of which we give an illustration. 
The pods ore crimson, and open the last of 
August, displaying the the seeds covered 
with a bright scarlet pulp. 
The E. nmniUonianu is probably the most 
brilliant colored late sort, although the ber¬ 
ries are not more than half the size of die 
former. 
There arc many other brilliant colored 
varieties, besides a few with newly white 
berries, the pulp covering the seeds being 
either a scarlet or vcrmillion color. Seed¬ 
lings of nearly all will vary greatly in size 
and color of the fruit, and an almost endless 
variety may he produced with very little 
trouble. If a greater variety of ornamental 
berried shrubs is desired, the Cotonmrtm , 
Mountain Ash, Shepherdia, American Yew, 
and Hawthorn, may be added to the 
above. 
to the Hamburg. The leaves and wood 
show some of the characteristics belong¬ 
ing exclusively to our native sorts. Mr. 
Rickets has a large number of seedlings, 
a few of which have received names as fol¬ 
lows : 
Adelaide .—A Hybrid between the Concord 
and Muscat Hamburg. It is of medium 
size, black, with a sweet but sprightly flavor. 
Putnam .-—A cross bet ween the Delaware 
and Concord; medium, black, with consid- 
eral bloom; sweet, rich and good. 
Raritan. -- Small, round, very black; 
sprightly flavor, but not first-rate; the leaves 
small and rather delicate. 
Secretary .— Hybrid between the Clinton 
and Hamburgh, showiug more of the for¬ 
eign blood in leaf than fruit. 
Qiumaick .—Hybrid between the Muscat 
Hamburgh and Clinton, somewhat of the 
same character as the preceding variety. 
These new grapes may or may not prove 
to be of any considerable value to the coun¬ 
try at large, hut they look well in the grounds 
of the originator, who, by the way, seems to 
understand the principles which govern the 
hybridizing and crossing processes very 
thoroughly. 
^rborrrnltnrc 
an excellent vine, but its success over a 
very wide range of country is still very 
doubtful. 
Worilcn. 
A very large grape resembling somewhat 
the Concord; but it is earlier and much 
sweeter; it is in fact too sweet when fully 
ripe. It. does not contain too much sugar, 
but the want of acid makes its flavor rather 
nauseating. The vine is vigorous and 
healthy. 
WIlmfuKtoii Red. 
In company with Ciiakles Dowtn’TNG we 
had an opportunity a few days since of test- 
NOTES ON GRAPES 
SHRUBS 
Bearing Ornamental Berries 
The present very favorable season has 
afforded an excellent opportunity for testing 
the quality of the different varieties of grapes. 
Tlie old sorts are better than usual, conse¬ 
quently some of the new kinds have suffered 
somewhat by comparison; but the sooner a 
grape finds its proper place, the better for all 
parlies concerned. 
Within the pa$t few weeks we have visited 
many of the largest vineyards in this coun¬ 
try, besides quite a number of small private 
gardens, where experiments in the way of 
raising new variet ies are in progress, and we 
propose to copy from our note book for the 
benefit of those who may not have had so 
good an opportunity for observation. 
Brown. 
As seen in fruit at Newburgh, it is very 
much like, if not identical with, Iona. The 
vine was received from Missouri, and there 
is evidently a mistake somewhere. 
Charlotte. 
Supposed to be new, but is so much like 
Diana that good judges pronounce them 
identical. 
Croton 
Looks well at Croton Point, where it origin¬ 
ated; also at Newburgh. Young vines in 
various localities in New York and New 
Jersey are quite healthy. There is certainly 
a preponderance of foreign blood in this 
grape, but thus far it lias done well, and we 
may have in the Croton an excellent light- 
colored grape that will succeed in the open 
air. 
Cottage. 
This is but a slight advance on the wild 
fox grape. It will not be appreciated where 
any of the choice old sorts can be grown. 
Dana. 
Medium size, nearly round, dark maroon, 
with bloom; pulp tough, sweet, sprightly, 
but rather unpleasant llnvor. Leaves small, 
which is a great fault, and will doubtless 
cause it to fail in many localities. It. does 
not possess a sufficient number of good qual¬ 
ities to make it rank even as second rate; 
consequently its failure will he no great loss. 
Howell. 
A medium sized, oval, black grape, ripen¬ 
ing very early; skin thick; pulp sweet and 
good; leaves large and healthy. Looks well 
this season, promising to be a variety adapt¬ 
ed to a wide range of climate and soil. 
lonn. 
If any one doubts the value of this grape 
for certain localities, they have only to visit 
the vineyards of Central New York, where 
its praise is constantly heard. In many lo¬ 
calities anti soils the leaves of Iona are very 
subject, to mildew and sun-scald; but in a 
ninety acre vineyard owned hv the Pleasant 
Valley Wine Company of llammondsport, 
N. Y., we could, ou the Slid of Septe<\.,cr, 
readily distinguish every plat of >o>na by its 
deep green and healthy leaves, while the 
fruit was better ripened than that of any 
other sort. The Catawba, Delaware, Adi- 
rondac, Isabella and many other varieties 
were in excellent condition; but the Iona 
excelled them all, and the fruit was selling 
at the wine presses for just double the price 
of Catawba. This is but one instance among 
thousands that might he cited, to show the 
effect of climate and soil upon the growth of 
varieties. 
lsrai'lta. 
This old companion of the Iona is really 
making very slow progress towards even a 
local popularity. In localities where the 
vine succeeds, the fruit is not valued very 
highly on account of its close resemblance 
to the Isabella, both In name and color, al¬ 
though it is, usually, a little better in quali¬ 
ty. The retail dealers in our city will pay 
no more for Israelis than Isabella, for the 
reasons named above; and the mistake of 
Dr. Grant in naming this variety, should 
serve as a warning to others who have seed¬ 
lings ready for christening. 
Laura Beverley. 
If this is not the Creveling, it is so near 
like it that one name will answer for both. 
8runsqnn. 
In Vol. XX., page630 of the Rubai. New- 
Yorker, wc gave an illustration and de¬ 
scription of this grape, and stated at the 
time that it had not been fruited except at 
Croton Point. Vines distributed by Mr. 
UNDF.Rim.li two years ago, have in some in¬ 
stances, fruited this season, and we now 
have little doubt of the success and value of 
this variety. The hunches and berries arc 
large and handsome, and for rich, sprightly 
flavor, it has few or no equals. It may be 
too late for extreme Northern localities, but 
for Central New York and Southward it 
will ripen early enough. 
Waller. 
| There arc no new developments to record 
in relation to this grape. Those -who have 
vines old enough to hear fruit speak well of 
L. the Walter without going into ecstatic* over 
its good qualities. It will no doubt make 
Tiie brilliant autumn tints of our forests 
have always commanded the admiration of 
travelers from foreign countries. It is,how¬ 
ever, only of late years that our people have 
endeavored to avail themselves of these pe¬ 
culiar characteristics of ottr native trees and 
shrubs, in ornamenting their parks and 
GRAPE EXHIBITION. 
As we have no Horticultural Society in 
New York city, B. K. Bi.tss & Son, 23 Park 
Place, have run a private society on their 
own account. In June last they held a 
strawberry exhibition which was a great 
success, and now we have to record a simi¬ 
lar report in regard to a grape show held at 
the same place on Sept. 27—30. Two hun¬ 
dred and filly dollars were offered in pre¬ 
miums which had the desired effect, bringing 
the choicest fruits from all points of the 
country. The judges were Messrs. Char 
Downing, Andrew S. Fuller, and P. T. 
Quinn, who made the following report and 
awards: 
New York, Sept. 28th, 1870. 
Tbe committee who were selected to examine 
the grapes on exhibition, respectfully submit, 
the following awards as iu their judgement 
deserving; of the premiurns offered. In making 
the awards for the best new native seedlings, 
the committee wish to state that, their merits 
were decided upon from what they saw of the 
fruit on the tables, they knowing nothing of the 
character or habits of the vines. 
Char. Downing. 
A. S. Fuller. 
P. T. Quinn. 
Native Grape*. 
For the best and largest caUenttnn of correctly 
mimed varieties, l bunches each, rptbO, to .It,tin Ding¬ 
wall, Albany. N. V.; for t he Bit host, *111, to.I no. Knox, 
Pittsburgh, Pit. 
For the best C IiunetioR Alton's Hybrid, $3, to Hor¬ 
ace Eaton, Hostou, Muss. 
Best 0 banotii s Cutuwba, $3, to H. W. Murtfelilt, 
Newburgh, N I 
Best ti nnneties Canada, *3, to John II. Ricketts, 
NewhuoA, N* Y. 
IRWH!bunrhiM ('reveling. *8, to Horace Eaton. 
Best 0 hunches Croton, $3, to S. W. Underhill, Cro¬ 
ton Point., N. Y. 
Best 0 bunches Clinton, to K. 11. Clark, New¬ 
burgh, N. V. 
Best 0 bunches Delaware, $3. to John II, Ricketts. 
Best fi hunches Diana, $3, to John It. Ricketts. 
Routt bunches lonu, $3, to Henry Cornell, Now- 
bnrgli, N. V. 
Best ti btmoho* I Rubella, $:>, to Horace Eaton. 
Best 8 buuchos Martha, $3, to V. W. Campbell, Del¬ 
aware, O. 
Best C bunches Mottler, $3, to G. W. Campbell. 
Rest I! bunches Rebecca, Is!, John II Ricketts. 
Rest li bunches Salem, $3, to J. VV. Ilelmnr, 
Best. <J hunches Benasquu, $3, toK. W. Underhill. 
Best 6 bunches Walter, $3. to L. M. Ferris & Son, 
Poughkeepsie. N. V 
Bestti bundles Wilder. $8. to Horace Eaton. 
Rost ti bunches Adiromlue, $3, to Horace Eaton. 
Rest, li hunches any oilier sort, $3, to Julin H. Rick¬ 
etts, for ElMngburgh. 
For the best Seedling, (never before exhibited.) 
White, $10, to Dr Weeks; Black, $10, to John U. 
Ricketts. 
Foreign Grape* Grown Under Gian*. 
For the bests bunches of any black sort, not a Mus¬ 
cat, fS. to L. I,. Hyatt New Brunswick, N. J.. for 
Black Prince; 2d best, #8, to It. B. Campbell, Mumaro- 
neck. N. Y., for Black Hamburgh. Bests bunches Of 
auv white sort, not it Muscat, f,5, to L. I.- Hyatt, for 
White Syrian; 3 bunches of any other sort, to L. 
E. Hyatt. 
F.NUOYMPS HAM ESTONIAN A— STRAWBERRY TREE. 
pleasure grounds. The same is t rue in re¬ 
gard to the use of shrubs bearing ornamental 
berries; and we seldom see groups planted 
expressly for the purpose of exhibiting to 
the best advantage their varied - colored 
fruits which mainly ripen in autumn. 
The varieties and species of shrubs hear¬ 
ing ornamental hemes, are very numerous, 
and varied iu character; consequently, there 
is no lack of material with which to produce 
almost any desired effect, either in small gar¬ 
dens or grounds of unlimited extent. Among 
the most desirable and least expensive wc 
select the following: 
Barberry (Berberin.) 
The common Barberry, with its long 
clusters of red berries, is well worthy of a 
place in this group, although in some por¬ 
tions of the country it is rather too common 
ElTONVMtTR LATIFOLIA—STRAWBERRY TREE. 
ing this grape at the nurseries of F. L. 
Perry, Canandaigua, N. Y. It is a new 
sort raised and disseminated by S. J. Par¬ 
ker, M. D., Ithaca, N. Y., and from publish¬ 
ed accounts we were led to believe that it 
was so near like the Delaware that good 
judges often mistook one for the other. Our 
surprise, therefore, was great to find it noth¬ 
ing more than an early red fox grape, but 
little better than the old Northern Mus¬ 
cadine. 
New Grn|i«*H ut Newburgh, 
There arc quite a number of amateur 
grope growers in Newburgh, N. Y,, who 
nave been raising seedling grapes for a num¬ 
ber of years. The most promising varieties 
that wo have seen there this season are those 
THE AMERICAN GRAPE VINE; 
Observations n* to Its Treatment iu 
American Vineyard**. 
BY EDWIN F. UNDERHILL. 
The vineyard interest in this country hits 
assumed large proportions, and each year it 
is becoming greater. The demand for 
American grapes keeps pace with the supply, 
and wherever the mollifying influence of 
large bodies of water will prolong the sea¬ 
son for ripening, or soil or exposure will 
hasten the maturity of the fruit, grape vines 
are being planted. The fact that the wines 
of commerce imported from Europe are not 
of the best quality and are of even question¬ 
able purity, is stimulating the production of 
the domestic article; and the result is that 
all good American wines find a ready sale 
at remunerative prices. 
An extended observation of the methods 
of culture generally pursued in the grape¬ 
growing regions ou the Atlantic Slope, the 
Lake region and the Mississippi Valley, has 
convinced me that our system of planting, 
training and priming vineyards is inhe¬ 
rently wrong; and I propose to ask space 
for the discussion of these most important 
subjects, believing that it will subserve the 
end of more firmly establishing successful 
grape growing among our people. 
The early vineyards of America were 
modeled on the North European system. It 
was but natural that this should be so, as 
men embarking in new enterprises could 
hardly assume to go counter to the estab¬ 
lished routine and methods of those coun¬ 
tries where vine-growing had been success¬ 
fully pursued for centuries; and as it watl 
North Europe that our citizens mostly visit¬ 
ed, they acquired their ideas of grape cul¬ 
ture from observations there. Hence, many 
early vineyards of Isabellas and Catawbas 
were planted with the vines only three feet 
apart in either direction, and trained to 
single stakes, though experience showed that 
it was impossible to confine these raulc- 
POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP, 
Pruident Wilder Strawberry in Missouri. 
T., in the Rural World, St. Louis, Mo., 
says of this berry“ Fruiting it the past 
season, we must acknowledge ourselves 
greatly disappointed. Fruit small, of infe¬ 
rior quality, and only moderately produc¬ 
tive ; plants quite tender, and killing badly 
through winter; we are inclined to believe it 
no better than hundreds of others that have 
been puffed, sold and passed away as un¬ 
worthy of cultivation.” 
The “Dyehonse Cherry” A train. 
A note from Mr. F. R. Elliott, of Cleve¬ 
land, asks that. I correct my note in Rural 
New-Yorker of Sept. 17lh, in which I 
represent him as saying that my “new 
Cherry” was the Early Richmond. I gladly 
place him correctly on the record; for I find, 
on a reference to his note to me, that he 
pronounced it the “ old Early May of Down¬ 
ing— Cerise lndulle Preeoee ,” etc.—and says 
my fruit is “ one-fourth smaller than his 
drawing of Early Richmond in the Horti¬ 
cultural Annual of 1870.” I read Mr. 
Elliott's note hastily, and hence the mis¬ 
take. Nevertheless, I still stand on my as¬ 
severation that my cherry is a seedling, and 
new; at any rate, all who see and taste it 
pronounce it so. I should consider it a 
great favor, and should reciprocate the same 
in a valuable way, if any of your readers 
will send me a perfect drawing of the Early 
May aforesaid. A colored drawing would 
he most acceptable; or I should he glad to 
learn where I could purchase such a draw¬ 
ing —H. T. Harris, Stanford, Ry. 
VIBURNUM OPULUS—CRANBERRY TREK. 
to be appreciated for ornamental purposes. 
The fruit is useful as well as ornamental, 
and for the sake of contrast, tlie white-ber¬ 
ried sort should be planted alongside ot the 
rod. 
Craubevvy Tree, (Vibnvnum Opulus.l 
Is a beautiful shrub, with tall and slender 
stems, each crowned with a cluster of bright 
CORXUS FLORIDA—DOGWOOD. 
grown by Jas. S. Rickets, who appears to 
have been very successful in producing hy¬ 
brids. The most attractive, and perhaps 
best flavored, of the number is an unnamed 
sort produced by hybridizing the Concord 
rind Black Hamburgh. The bundles and 
berries arc very large, and in quality equal 
