■nm 
thus describe it: — “Plant a good bearer, 
suckcring freely; canes green, shaded with 
purple; spines numerous, small and light 
green; foliage light green and abundant.; 
fruit very large, round, and of crimson 
color, with large grains; flavor of high char¬ 
acter and delicious .' 1 
made from it,” is so far from the truth that 
we feel inclined to believe that somebody is 
being badly humbugged. Will some of our 
subscribers in Arkansas send us a specimen 
of fruit; even a leaf will do. 
The annual removal of a portion of the 
wood of a grape vine, is an imperative 
necessity. The green shoots of one year are 
the ripened canes of the next, and at the 
close of the season they form a tangled mass 
of wood growth, each having many buds, 
with every bud ready to burst with the 
warmth of spriDg, and in its turn form a 
shoot. Hence, except pruning be resorted 
to, the number of clusters of grapes is so 
enormously increased upon the production 
of the previous season that the vine usually 
lias power to ripen hut few if any. And 
thus it is that the whole experience of the 
world in grape culture has shown the neces¬ 
sity of cutting off each year such a portion of 
the wood that the product will be certain to 
ripen. 
POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP 
THE AMERICAN GRAPE VINE 
Observations an to Its Treatment 
in American Vineyards. 
Morrell’s PWcdlinc Grape. 
The Germantown (Pa.) Telegraph has 
the following concerning a new grape origi¬ 
nated by Isaac Morrell, Germantown, 
Pa.: — “It came from the Isabella, and 
fruited three years from the seed; it is about 
the size of the parent fruit, rather more 
round in form, and decidedly better, sweeter, 
and less pulpy; but we are obliged to say is 
some two weeks later in maturing, which, 
while it will not mature far north of us, will 
lie the very thing south of us, &c. Mr. Mor¬ 
rell informs us that the vine is perfectly 
hardy, a profuse hearer, and thus far not the 
slightest trace of mildew has made its ap¬ 
pearance. We can only say, that in giving 
this notice of the Morrell Seedling, we 
have merely tasted the fruit, hut hope that it 
may prove an acquisition to our grape list.” 
Allen*. Extra Urapi'. 
This is a new seedling, originated at 
Chagrin Falls, Ohio. Our specimens were 
received from Willoughby, Lake Co., Ohio. 
Bunches medium ; berries large, dark red; 
skin thick; a small portion of the pulp ten¬ 
der and sweet, the remainder tough, and of 
the same flavor as our common wild fox 
grapes. We cannot understand how any 
man can have the courage to name, and 
send out such a grape, when there are in 
cultivation so many that are far superior. 
Gooseberry Orowintr. 
In the New England Farmer, W. J. Pt. 
Moore states that the fruit growers of the 
town of Concord, situated twenty miles 
from Boston, received the past year, after 
deducting commission, about $ 8,000 for 
gooseberries. Mr. Manning of Reading, 
Mass., states that $7.50 per bushel was 
eagerly paid for bottling, by a Boston fruit 
preserving company, for a lot of fifty bush¬ 
IJY EDWIN M. UNDERHILL, 
[■Continued from page 202.] 
In a previous article 1 advocated a de¬ 
parture from the system of close planting in 
vineyards which lias obtained in this coun¬ 
try, and 1 stated facts and theories which 
had led me to believe that the distance be¬ 
tween the vines should he determined upon, 
considerations of the richness of the soil, and 
the habit of tbe variety to be planted. 1 
held that It was only when u vine was al¬ 
lowed to attain its normal proportions that 
it accomplished its best results in fruiting, 
and hence that the soil in most of our vine¬ 
yards was too rich to admit of the vines be¬ 
ing kept within the limits usually allotted to 
them on the trellis. 
I propose to criticise, the ordinary methods 
of training and pruning, and to explain the 
details of a system of pruning which is essen¬ 
tially American in its origin and especially 
adapted to insure the success of grape cul¬ 
ture in our country. 
As we have followed the plan of close 
planting practiced in Northern Europe, 
though in a modified form, so we have bor¬ 
rowed the systems of low training and close 
pruning generally i’h vogue there. But, with 
the tendency of the American vine to ex¬ 
uberant growth, those systems are inappli¬ 
cable here. Training to stakes does not ad¬ 
mit of the vino growing to the proportions 
it seeks except upon the most meagre soils; 
and where we have adopted the trellis to 
support the vines, it is, in nearly every in¬ 
stance, too low. Five feel is an unusual 
bight to Stretch the tipper wire from the 
ground, and Ihe result is that, Unless severe 
priming of the green wood is resorted to in 
summer, tbe shoots Overhang the upper wire 
to such an extent that their ends lie spread 
over the ground. Wider planting will do 
something to correct this untoward tendency 
to excessive growth of cane. But for most 
of our varieties It is also necessary to have 
the trellis at least six feet high; whiten bight, 
of not less than five feet, should be had for 
those which grow less rank. The best 
trained American vineyards 1 have ever 
seen are on trellises having four or live 
wires, with the upper wire six and a-hfilf or 
seven feel from the ground. With this bight 
and a sufficient spread given to the vines in 
the rows by wide planting, there is no diffi¬ 
culty in keeping the green wood trained in 
an orderly manner on the trellis. 
The most common manner of training on 
trellises adopted in this country, is known 
as the fan system, by which the canes of last 
year’s growth, or the shoots of the current 
year, grown from spurs at the base, are spread 
over the trellis like the leaves of an open fan, 
and tied to tlie wires. But, with this sys¬ 
tem, it is impossible to secure for each shoot 
or cane a uniform situation and treatment; 
nor does it admit of an even distribution of 
the fruit over the trellis. Another system 
which has been coining into vogue among 
many of our most intelligent vineyard pro¬ 
prietors, is that of Dr. Guv at, a French 
vigneron; and it possesses some advantages 
over the fan system. By it, a cane of hist 
year’s growth is made to run lengthwise on 
the lower wire in one or both directions from 
the base, and from the buds on these hori¬ 
zontal canes, come t he upright shoots which 
are to hear the fruit for the current season, 
After the vintage, these horizontal canes are 
cut away, and two shoots, which have been 
allowed to grow from the center and ripen, 
are bent down to take the place on the lower 
wire of those which were removed; and 
year by year this renewal and excision takes 
place. 
But with the adoptiou of the system of 
wide planting, it is often difficult to find 
canes of a year’s growth having sufficient 
length to extend the whole distance given to 
a vine on the trellis in either direction from 
the stool. And, as under the Guy at system, 
the fruit, is borne between tbe first and sec¬ 
ond wires.ii follows that, with a high trellis, 
nearly all tbe space allotted to the vine would 
lie barren of fruit; whereas, it is the largest 
amount of grapes commensurate with the 
permanent good of the vine, that the vine¬ 
yard owner is seeking. To secure this, and 
still to hold to the general style of training 
advocated by Dr. Guyat, the perpendicular 
shoots from the horizontal canc must he al¬ 
lowed to ripen, and buds from these upright 
canes will push out fruiting shoots laterally 
from the bottom to the top of the trellis. But 
this involves the necessity of making the 
horizontal cane on the lower wire a perma¬ 
nent arm, and to provide for the growth of 
upright shoots one season, to form the hear¬ 
ing canes the next, known as the alternate 
renewal system, suggested by Mr. Clement 
JIoaue. This brings me to the cansidera- 
tinn of a very important feature iu grape cul¬ 
ture, that of pruning. 
ArborintUnrc 
SAVING FOREST TREE SEEDS, 
Every one who expects to grow forest 
trees next year, should procure the seed this 
fall. It is already too late for some kinds; 
the scarlet and silver maples and elms ripen 
their seeds early in summer, and it is very 
difficult to preserve them in a sound condi¬ 
tion even for a few weeks after gathering. 
The oaks, hickories, chestnuts and other 
trees of similar habits, are now dropping 
their fruits which must be gathered and pre¬ 
served if we desire them to become t rees. 
How to preserve them is an open ques¬ 
tion. There are persons who, being great 
sticklers for natural guides, believe that wc 
have only to keep seeds in a position and 
condition similar to the one iu which they 
are found in the forest, to meet with the 
greatest success. Nature, however, is very 
prodigal, and we cannot afford to be as gen¬ 
erous; it is therefore best to try and improve 
upon her mode of producing forests. Few 
of acorns and hickory-nuts that are left 
where nature deposits them ever grow; and 
this should he our reason for placing them 
ill a better position. Very few of the large 
and coarse kinds of seeds and nuts will grow 
after once becoming dry ; neither will they 
withstand a great amount of moisture, par¬ 
ticularly if placed together in large quantities. 
Acorns, chestnuts and beechnuts are quite 
delicate, and require considerable care in 
preserving. In light soil they umy lie sown 
as soon as gathered; but where it is neces¬ 
sary to plant in heavy loam or clay, it is bet¬ 
ter to keep until spring, and then sow in 
freshly-prepared soil. To keep through win¬ 
ter, mix with pure moist sand, and in suffi¬ 
cient quantities to prevent the nuts packing 
together in masses. Pul in boxes or barrels, 
and then put in a very cool place. We 
have found that burying in some dry knoll, 
covering two feet deep, is the safest plan. 
Hickory nuts, black walnuts, butternuts, and 
similar coarse seeds may he preserved with 
less care, or planted soon after gathering. 
The seeds of the different species of maples 
that ripen iu autumn, also locust, ash, nettle 
I roe, linden, white wood, magnolias tuf'elo, 
&c., may he preserved in the same manner 
as described for chestnuts. A few hours de¬ 
voted to gathering seeds this fall may supply 
tiie stock from which thousands of hand¬ 
some and useful trees may he produced. 
els of the larger varieties of currants, and 
thirty-five cents per quart was readily ob¬ 
tained for the Cherry and La Versailles va¬ 
rieties at retail. * The gooseberry likes a 
good, deep, moist soil, (says Mr. Andrew S. 
Fuller, in his Small Fruit Culturist,) one 
that is not really wet. A rich soil is also es¬ 
sential, because it is only by keeping up a 
vigorous growth, that largo fruit and abun¬ 
dant crops can be secured. An open airy 
situation is better than one that is confined, 
and in many sections of the country the 
north side of a hill would he t he best,’ Mr. 
Fuller, so far os our own limited expe¬ 
rience goes, is correct. We see no difficulty 
in raising any quantity of gooseberries of 
Houghton’s Seedling ,—Germantown 'Tele¬ 
graph. 
New 1’uvpie-Leaveil I'ench. 
A. L. Hatch, Jackson, Miss., sends me 
foliage of a purple leaved peach, originated 
in Hinds Co., Mias. It is ^ 
a very long, lanceolate 
leaf, the edge almost en- 
tirely free from serra- Jl 
ture, (see engraving,) /Jj[ 
while its mid-rib is slen- // \ 
der and its cross-ribs // / \ 
almost inconspicuous. / j\ \ 
Tbe color is a purplish / A ' \ 
green, glossy, and quite / / [ 
pretty, and I judge must / I \ 
be a fine addit ion to our / J 
ornamental foliage trees, j A 
—Elliot. / / k 
Two general methods of pruning are prac¬ 
ticed. By tbe one, the canes are cut down 
to spurs, leaving one or two buds on each, to 
form which the fruiting rIiooIs arc to grow. 
By the other, and more common, method, 
two or more, canes are lell to lie tied to the 
wires, and from the buds on these the fruit¬ 
ing shoots push out. But, with wide plant¬ 
ing, which 1 have labored to show to be es¬ 
sential to the continued and best success of 
the vineyard owner, spur pruning is inap¬ 
plicable, because it confines the fruit to a 
restricted space on tin: trellis, If there were 
no oilier objection toil. Wide planting in¬ 
volves the necessity of long pruning, and 
leaving the canes distributed over the trellis 
for the production of fruit-bearing shoots; 
and wherever 1 have seen vineyards with 
vines widely planted and pruned to long 
canes, whether by accident or design, l have 
seen the most uniform success in raising fruit. 
But the question of the time for pruning 
is one which lias usually never entered into 
the consideration of grape growers farther 
than to have the work accomplished after 
the leaves have fallen in autumn and before 
the sap lias commenced moving in the 
spring; and it is at Naples Valley, N. Y., 
where Wide planting and high training arc 
common, that a new method of pruning has 
conic into vogue, based upon the experience 
of Mr. A. J. Byington, whose vines of all 
varieties have for years exhibited a thrift 
which one schooled in the old systems of 
grape culture would scarce believe possible. 
His vines are planted from sixteen to tweu- 
ty-four feet apart in the rows, and are trained 
on a trellis six and a-half feet high, with 
five wires. There is nothing peculiar in the 
soil other than that it is made up of the 
stone and gravel washed from a gorge in the 
shale which underlies the northern side of 
the valley, and is naturally well drained and 
warm. Year afteryear he gathers enormous 
crops of grapes—from filly to seventy-five 
pounds to the vine, and which are charac¬ 
terized by the quality of early ripening as 
well as abundant yield. Now, as his mode 
of pruning is unique, 1 will proceed to state 
it, and as far as I am able, trace the relation 
of his method to the result. 
The person who for the first time observes 
a vineyard after being pruned, and again in 
the autumn after the leaves have fallen, is 
struck by the strange contrast which the 
mass of wood presents to the few hare canes 
that he saw iu the spring. Nature seeks to 
secure an equilibrium in all her relations; 
and if, by cutting off the season's growth of 
wood we disturb that equilibrium, she, in 
her economy, will put forth efforts to restore 
it. But with a knowledge of the fact that 
pruning must be done, and that excessive 
pruning is detrimental, It becomes a very 
nice question to determine the amount of 
wood to be cut off from a given vine to in¬ 
sure its permanent success in producing fruit. 
—[To be continued. 
An Enaex Co. Priac Grape. 
Received from J. T. Donohoo, Port Hen¬ 
ry, N. Y., a bitncli of grapes said to he a 
cross between the Adironduo and Isabella, 
and two weeks earlier than the lat- 
tet., Mr. Donohoo states in bis note 
accompanying the grapes that this new 
sort received the prize at the Essex 
County Agricultural Fair, held Sept. 29th. 
It is certainly a large and handsome variety, 
resembling the Isabella so closely that a de¬ 
scription is unnecessary. We do not think 
that this grape is sufficiently distinct from 
Isabella to warrant giving it a name, or 
propagating and disseminating the vines. 
We may err iu our conclusions, tail there are 
already being propagated far too many seed¬ 
lings of Isabella which are no better than 
the parent. _ 
A Prolific Pear Tree. 
Prop. Chas. Sikdhop, North Hoboken, 
N. J., says that a neighbor of his has a Duck- 
esse de Angoulemc pear tree that has blos¬ 
somed four times the present season. It 
bloomed first, at the usual time in spring, 
and the fruit set finely; n month later it 
bloomed again, and set fruit; in a few weeks 
the same thing was repeated, and on the 30th 
of August il was again in blossom. The 
owner of the tree, Mr. Sciiakprr, says that 
tliis tree blooms two or three times every 
year. Accompanying Prof. Siedhof’s note, 
were specimens of the three crops of this 
season. The first was an exceedingly large 
and handsome pear, fully ripe; the second a 
half-grown specimen, and the third about 
the size of a small crab apple. Wc have 
known pear trees to bloom twice in a season; 
but four times is slightly ahead of anything 
on record, and we think this tree ought to 
be christened “ The Repeater.” 
ARBORICULTURAL NOTES, 
A Freuk of Peiu:hon. 
A friend of mine, a lady of undoubted 
veracity, recently informed me that several 
yearn since she cracked a peach pit which 
contained two kernels; desirous of noting 
the result she planted the kernels, which in 
due time germinated, grew and bore, the 
one a large white, and the other a large yel¬ 
low peach; each distinct from the other in 
habit of growth, and appearance ami flavor 
of fruit.—J. M. G., Ligonier , Noble Co., Ind. 
The Ouachita lira pc. 
The Southern Stand- J' 
ard, Arkadelphin, Ark., / \ 
says:—“ It is not gener- \. / \ , 
ally known that we have 1 ' I 
growing wild in the \ 
woods of the Ouachita, \ / \ 
one of the hast wine \ / |\ j 
grapes in Ihe world—it V I / 
is known as the “ Oua- \ 1 / 
chita Grape,” and is of \ I J 
large size and delicious \ / \ / 
flavor. Several years ago \ / 
it was introduced into \ / 
France by layers from \ f 
this country, and is now f 
the most popular grape J 
in France, their finest ' 
wines being made from it. It is not subject 
to diseases as other varieties of grapes; is 
much hardier, and does not require as much 
cultivation.” 
We have heard of this grape before, and 
would have some faith in it, if the intro¬ 
ducers did not claim so much. To assert 
that the Ouachita “ is now the most popular 
grape in France, their finest wines being 
I.nyerlns: Raspberries—Priming Veronicas. 
Will the Rural New-Yorker please 
tell me how and at what time in the season 
to layer Doolittle raspberry tips, so as to in¬ 
sure plants. 1 have layered them for two 
seasons past the same as grape vines, and 
about nine-tenths of them died and rotted 
below the surface of the soil. 
Also, will the plant Veronica bear the 
knife when branches give it a bad appear¬ 
ance.—J. R. Pierce, White Cloud , Kan. 
The ends of the canes of all black rasp¬ 
berries naturally produce roots, when they 
bend over and touch the soil. This they 
seldom do until late in the season when the 
weather becomes cool, and if foiced by be¬ 
ing buried too early tbe ends or tips will 
surely’ decay. Mr. Pierce lias probably 
commenced covering too early, hence his 
failure. 
Yes, Veronicas may be pruued, and ben¬ 
efited by tbe operation. 
Wyoming, not “ Wilmington” Red 
In our notes on grapes, in Rural New- 
Yorker of October 8 , page 236, we wrote 
Wilmington Red, when we intended to have 
said Wyoming Red. Our readers will please 
correct in their copies, which we presume 
they always preserve.— [Eds. Rural. 
The Snu inter. Raspberry. 
We give herewith an engraving of anoth¬ 
er of the Herstine seedling raspberries, of 
which we made mention in the Rural New- 
Yorker, August 6 th, page 92. This berry 
is said to be from the seed of the “ Allen ” 
planted in alternate rows with the Philadel¬ 
phia, and supposed to be a cross between 
those two varieties. It has stood the last 
three winters without protection, is very 
productive, and of fine flavor. The Fruit 
Committee of the Pennsylvania Horticul- 
ral Society, in their report of July’ 6 th, 1870, 
