or sent his order by mail. A largo amount • 
of llic sales iiru doubtless still made in ibis 
way, but by far the larger portion is sold 
through traveling agents employed either 
by the nurseryman or by a dealer. 
The dealer goes to a nurseryman and con¬ 
tracts with him for as many trees as ho may 
ho likely to sell—and this will depend on tho 
number of persona ho will employ. Homo 
dealers will confine their operations to their 
own work; others employ agents. Wo 
have known dealers to employ as may as 
twenty agents and sell 
--— “1 over $50,000 won h in a 
year. Tho agents are 
sent out into various 
iV districts, which they 
canvass for orders. 
1 When the packing sea- 
sou arrives, they lake 
all the orders obtained 
to 'be nursery, whore 
* ‘ ^ they arc lillcd, packed, 
^ shipped, and delivered 
u - £" / by the agent who ro- 
”' r ’ ceived the orders. 
The introduction of 
’ •• this method of making 
sales has contributed 
largely to tin; extension 
of the business, and 
has at the same lime 
done much to induce 
people to plant who 
would not otherwise 
have done it. There 
are evils inseparable 
from t his mode of mak¬ 
ing sales, as when the 
dealer, or his agon I, is 
reckless or dishonest; 
but it is an open ques- 
vlielher these evils 
not countcrbul- 
I by tho good. 
grown to an extent proportioned to the oth¬ 
er stock, and this is an object which has 
always been kept in view here. To keep 
the various parts of the stork as well propor • 
Honed to each other Lts possible. This is a dif¬ 
ficult point, owing to the constant fluctua¬ 
tion in the demand for certain articles. It 
frequently happens that for a period of sev¬ 
eral years certain articles are scarce, and at 
other periods a drug. It requires no little 
foresight, care and knowledge of existing 
supply and demand to enable the nurscry- 
and kept in a cool cellar until the ground is 
ready for planting in the spring. 
Budding i& performed in the months of 
July and August, the. stocks being set, out in 
the spring of the same year. The inserting 
of 1,000 to 2,000 buds is a day’s work for a 
buddetf and tier. 
The stocks used for the apple arc, for 
standard orchard trees, seedlings of one or 
two years’ growth—one year are preferred 
for both grafting and budding, if of vigor¬ 
ous growth. For small-sized trees a species 
AMERICAN NURSERIES-! 
(Concluded from First Page of this No.) 
The office business is managed by one 
head clerk, who acts as cashier and aids in 
a bookkeeper and two 
the correspondence 
or three assistants as the season requires. 
The head men have nearly all been in the 
establishment for upwards of twenty years; 
most of the assistants entered it as small hoys. 
The green-houses (see illustration) are in 
charge of a special head. They are sixteen 
in number, and cover , _ 
mi area oif over 25,000 p~~ 
square feet. They are : , “ - -. 
const ructed in a solid j 
block, m> that visitors 
can pass from one to 
tb(> other, through the 
whole aeries, ■without 
going out of doors. The 
collection of plants is 
to the 
enriched annu- - .. • _ 
kept fully up 
times, 
all v with the best new 
plants, and is at all sea¬ 
sons highly attractive 
i.o visitors. We have 
no space in enter into 
details which might 
make an interesting j 
chapter. 
In connection with 
these may be mention¬ 
ed a great number of 
pits, frames, &e., em¬ 
ployed in propagating 
and protection of _ 
plants. There are also , C 
large cellars and work ) 
rooms where stock is swipo- ; 
pruning, grafting, Ac., 
are carried on. The j 
horsc barns, packing 
ground and sheds are .. • ffiygr.iT 
in a separate enclosure 
The Working Force i3A 1 
consists of about two 
for eight months, and 
fifty the other four 
months, exclusive of '' •iV.I'. e 1 
the office help. The 
horse force averages > ■ ‘ 
twenty-five, hut con- 
siderable horse work * t \ 
is hired done in tin' [r _ ; -_ - _ 
spring. Tho amount 
paid for labor annually 
amounts to about $75,- 
000 in round numbers. 
The Work of Propnaruiton 
goes on actively every month of the year. 
It would not be practicable in an article of 
this kind to describe in detail the varied 
methods employed In the different depart¬ 
ments—the different families of trees, shrubs, 
and plants, requiring peculiar treatment. 
As a matter of interest to the general reader, 
and not for the nurseryman, we will state 
in a brief, general way, the course pursued 
in some of the most extensive and important 
branches. Among fruit trees 
The A |tt>l» 
is the most extensively grown. The number 
propagated annually in this nursery is from 
300,000 to 500,000—most frequently the lat¬ 
ter. The sale of apple trees in one season 
has exceeded a million. A portion, say onc- 
lialf to two-thirds, are root grafted ; tlm bal¬ 
ance budded. The root grafting is per- 
v 
Where nurserymen em- 
lii; ti.nipl.M to 
*!.. I plant and improve, 
when tho trees are 
VM brought to their door, 
who would never send 
Mi an order to a nursery- 
W. man by mail. The 
whole objection to this 
tm/MflWv m°do of making sales 
lies in the employment 
of faithless and extor¬ 
tionate agents, which 
tho most sagacious and 
careful cannot always avoid. 
We are aware this article is occupying 
much space; but if our readers are half as 
much interested in the information it eon- 
tains as we have been interested by our 
visits to the Mount Hope Nurseries, they will 
wish this story continued. 
IfiRD JLWX1 SHKiXfiP— iA 13 kAU X IF l J -Li A 
[KiiKrn.v-o<l Kxprn«Hly for Moore’s R.trro.1 Nnw-Vorlwr. ) 
called Doucin; and for by fruit growers, on account, of the “ black 
en trees the Paradise, an- knot” and curculio; but with experience, 
cies of apple which attains these difficulties became less formidable, and 
e—iu fact, Is a mere hush, in some localities it is now planted exten- 
han a currant. Both these sively, the demand for trees usually excecd- 
mnn to prepare a large general stock that 
will meet the public wants and tastes. 
Where only a few leading articles, of a Bla¬ 
de character are grown, it is less difficult. 
tt rati anal 
EDUCATIONAL NOTES 
“ Tenrlii ng IJrtlinumr.” 
In tho Rural New-Yorker of August 
Otli, I notice an article from L. E. K. on 
'leaching Grammar, in which the expres¬ 
sion “ Coatses Thread ” is mentioned as im¬ 
proper. 1 would refer him to Goold 
Grammar of Grammars (than 
authority,) for in- 
203 of 
itlior 
that 
in the sound of s or 
I'ssivo case, the 
ilm and letter s, to 
syllable, thus:— 
J ames’s pro- 
A. n. 
Brown’s 
which there is no higher 
formation on this point. On page 
this treatise it will he found that tho m 
and other authors whom he quotes say 
singular nouns, ending 
z, require in forming the posse 
addition of the apes trot 
be pronounced in another 
Coats’s, pronounced Coatses, 
nounced Jameses, «fce 
A Common Error. 
How often wo find the expression in print 
and in conversation, of “a lemon-colored 
dress,” or, “azure-colored sky,” “tan-col¬ 
ored dog,” and SO forth; the terms not strict¬ 
ly conveying the writer’s or speaker’s mean¬ 
ing. They mean a dress the color of a lemon, 
the azure color of the sky, and a dog the 
color of tan. As the expressions are spoken, 
or writtcu, their real significance is a dress 
colored with lemon, or a dog colored with 
tan, and so on. “ An almond-shaped eye,’ 
for instance, strictly put, conveys the idea 
that the eye was shaped by means of an al¬ 
mond, when the idea meant to be conveyed 
is, tlmt the eye is the form, or shape of an 
almond. This is so plainly an error of 
speech that we wonder at its continued and 
countless repitition.—M rs. C. 
That is indeed a twofold knowledge which 
profits alike by the folly of the foolish and 
the wisdom of the wise. It is both a shield 
and a sword; it borrows its security from 
the darnesa, and its confidence from tho 
light. — Colton . 
A WHIP GRAFT. 
formed in the winter months. The roots 
arc put in the cellar in the fall, and as soon as 
winter sets in so as to make out-door work 
impossible, tho grafting is commenced. A 
grafter, with tho aid of a boy to tie, will 
graft from 1,000 to 2,000 a day, as he may be 
more or less expert. The graft employed is 
called “whip” or “splice” grafting, (see 
Rural New-Yorker, .July 30, page 77, for 
description of this mode,) and the tie is a 
strip of waxed manilla paper. The grafts 
illustration of budding. 
1 Show* how the stork is out for Inserting the bud; 
2. tho bark opened to rooelye Ike bud ; a. the 
bud ; 1, the bud Inserted mid tho bul k Of the stork 
■dusod over it; &, tho work complete after tho 
tylog l» done. 
are set closely in sand or light earth, in boxes 
just large enough to be handled by one man, 
This nursery was the 
