usbantrri). 
H. S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Of Corti.ano Villas*, Cortland Cocnty, Nkw York. 
MR. ALBRIGHT’S PRIZE COTS- 
WOLDS-A CORRECTION. 
For the purpose of giving a striking ex¬ 
ample of the forcing of sheep intended to ho 
used as breeders, we published the following 
statements Oct. 8th: 
“ We recently saw at. a local Fair three (Cots¬ 
wold) ewes imported from the flock of Mr. 
f.AKNE, with three lambs at their Sides, said to 
lie about seven months old. One of the Viewing 
Committee informed us that the feeder ol these 
lambs told him that the three received ci«rt»t. 
quarts of oil-cake, oats and meal per diem &c. 
Jacob Albright of Etna, Tompkins Co., 
X. Y., the owner of the sheep referred to, 
has called on us to say that the above state¬ 
ment is wholly erroneous* and as it was at 
once understood in Central New York to 
apply to his sheep, he very properly asks 
that it he publicly corrected. We do this 
without hesitation, as Mr. Albrigiit is a 
gentleman of undoubted veracity, and knows 
all the facts—being the “ feeder” of his own 
sheep. Those in question have not been fed 
once during the season by any other person, 
when lie was at home, and he has very rare¬ 
ly been absent at a single feeding. The 
member of the “ Viewing Committee” who 
gave us our first information on the subject, 
was doubtless deceived by some mischievous 
person, or misunderstood the facts stated to 
him. 
The three ewes, bred Ivy Mr. Gabne, and 
two others bred by George Fmother, were 
imported by John D. Wind, Esq., and sold 
by him to Mr. A i, bright. Two of the ewes 
(then Mr. Wino’s) received the first prize, 
and one a second prize at the New York 
Stale Fair at Elmira, in 1800. The same 
three ewes received the second prize at. the 
New York State Fair at Utica, live present 
year. These ewes respectively dropped their 
lambs—two each—on the 4th, 7th and 10th 
of March, 1870; and the three of the iambs 
said to have been so forced, (got by Cham¬ 
pion of England, now owned ivy Messrs. 
OriASE & Harris,) were exhibited with their 
dams, at the late State Fair at Utica, and 
won the first prize op Cotswold lambs, We 
saw these at the Cortland Co. Fair, and con¬ 
sidered them as good a pen of Cotswold ram 
lambs as we had ever met. with. 
As Mr. Albright feeds and cares for his 
own sheep, and as ho is regarded as a very 
judicious and successful manager of stock, 
we inquired into the treatment of his breed¬ 
ing ewes as well as lambs. He gave us the 
following particulars. The five imported 
ewes were fed, last winter, up to the lime, of 
lambing, good green cured clover hay, with 
two quarts of wheat bran and five or six 
quarts of turnips and potatoes (say two- 
thirds of the latter*) to the whole, per diem. 
After lambing, each ewe daily received a 
quart of corn and oat meal, (about equal 
parts,) thoroughly scalded and given in the 
form of slop, with same amount of roots as 
before, until there was a good bite of grass. 
After that, the slop was discontinued, and 
nine ewes and eleven lambs (the prize stock 
and others) received, together, eight quarts 
of unground oats and one pint of oil meal 
per day. The lambs were weaned Aug. 6. 
The three Garne ewes were then put up for 
show, and were fed one quart of oats and 
half a pint of oil meal each per day. The 
three prize lambs were put up for show at, 
the same time, and fed the same. This con¬ 
tinued until the first week in September, 
when the six ewes and Jambs, owing to 
drouth and scanty pasturage, were thence¬ 
forth kept in the barn-yard and fed the same 
amount of oats and oil meal each as before, 
with clover hay cured as before mentioned— 
two feeds of it, per week being cut very fine 
in a cutting box. This was kept up until 
the six sheep were taken to the Stale Fair 
for exhibition, On the 8th of October the 
three ram lambs weighed, respectively, as 
follows; 167 lbs., 152 lbs. and 140 lbs. The 
twin of the first, a ewe, weighed at the same 
time 120 lbs.; of the second, a ram, 130 lbs.; 
of the third, a ewe, 150 lbs. These had re¬ 
ceived no grain or roots after weaning. Two 
of the ewes suckled their own lambs until 
weaning, and one suckled one of them. 
- >♦» 
LONG WOOL SHEEP 
In Larere Flocks.-Cn«hincre Goats. 
Richland Center, Wis., Oct. 10th, 1870. 
Hon. Henry S. Randam. : Sir — In re¬ 
ply to your inquiries relative to my expe¬ 
rience with the long-wi oled sheep, I would 
say that about five years ago I sold ruy flock 
of about 2,000 Spanish Merinos, (which I 
had handled Successfully for several years,) 
and purchased about five hundred Cots- 
wolds, Lcicestcrs and Lincolns, in Canada, 
and took them to my place in Richland 
4 coun ty, Wisconsin. I have kept them in 
different-sized flocks at different times, ac- 
k c °rding to size of pasture in summer and 
convenience of feeding in winter. I find 
v Albright considers u. quart of potatoes as 
a » two quarts of turnips for sheep. 
they will not do well on wild prairie grass, 
or timbered land pasture like the Spanish 
Merinos. They do well on good English 
grass pasture in summer, and shock corn 
with timothy hay in winter. I kept three 
hundred in one flock during one winter; 1 
fed them shock corn and timothy bay; they 
wintered very well. They had an open shed 
for shelter. I am satisfied that the Spanish 
Merinos will do much better in large flocks 
than the long-wooled sheep of any kind, 
either during summer or winter. I now keep 
about 1,000 sheep of the different kinds, and 
breed them separately. I like the long wools 
best for raising lambs, as they are much bet¬ 
ter milkers; l also like them much better 
for mutton. I like the Spanish Merino best 
for subduing wild pasture, and for rough 
usage in large flocks. 
I also keep a flock of about one hundred 
Cashmere goats, which are more hardy and 
belter breeders than any other wool bearing 
animal. They live upon browse both sum¬ 
mer and winter, and cost me no bay or 
grain to keep them whilst they are permitted 
to run in the woods. T have kept them for 
five years, and am much pleased with them. 
They arc valuable for their wool, their milk, 
their meat, and their skins for robes. Their 
milk is particularly valuable for consump¬ 
tive persons and children while teething. I 
herewith send you a specimen of wool from 
one of my Cashmeres imported from Asia. 
Very respectfully, Ira 8. Hareltine. 
Remarks. —Mr. Haseltine is one of the 
Executive Committee of the Wool Growers’ 
National Association, and is a breeder of 
high standing. The specimen of Cashmere 
wool sent us is as beautiful as any wo ever 
saw. For the information of readers not. 
familiar with Western inodes of wintering 
sheep, we would be glad to have Mr. IIasel- 
tine give the particulars of his once winter¬ 
ing three hundred Cotswolds together. For 
instance:—were they kept in one inclosure 
—how large was that juiclosnro—how often 
and in what, manner was their feed given— 
what amount of corn (shelled) were they es¬ 
timated to consume daily—how was their 
“open shed” constructed; i. c . how large 
was it,, on how many sides was it. open, were 
there any partitions in it—were the sheep at 
any time confined in It, and, if so, under 
what circumstances V Did the sheep get. no 
green feed from the ground or otherwise 
during the winter? For liow long a period 
were the sheep kept and fed together as de¬ 
scribed, in their winter quarters? 
-- 
INTERPRETATION OF THE WOOL 
TARIFF. 
[From Bulletin of Nuttonnl Association of Wool 
Manufacturers.] 
An article in our April number, “ On the 
Intent and Administration of the Tariff as 
to Wools of 3d Class,” has called forth 
three elaborate articles in the Rural New- 
Yorker, from the pen of Dr. Kaudull, the 
editor of the Department of Sheep Hus¬ 
bandly. These articles we are constrained 
to notice, by considerations of ordinary 
courtesy, and by the sentiment of profound 
personal respect which we entertain for the 
writer. It is no want, of consideration for 
the editor, nor sense of weakness in our 
positions, which induces us to decline a 
controversy upon the points of difference 
between us. A word of explanation, how¬ 
ever, may be properly made, as it seems to 
us that the motive of (lie article reviewed 
has been misconceived. 
The Secretary of the Wool Manufacturers’ 
Association was requested by tiie Secretary 
of the Windham County Wool Growers’ 
Association lo forward to him an official 
statement of what the Committee, who rep¬ 
resented the manufacturers in preparing the 
draft Of the present wool tariff, understood 
“ then and now ” should be admitted into 
our ports under the 3d class of that law. 
As a reason for declining to give answer, 
courteously requested, ami with no ulterior 
motive for insisting that the law should las 
construed according to its letter, referring 
to the tariff measures recommended liy the 
Joint Committee, we expressed ourselves as 
follows: 
“ Witli that recommendation for legisla¬ 
tion, the functions of the Joint Committee 
ceased. Their views as to the intent of the 
laws, passed at their suggestion, are entitled 
to no more consideration than those of the 
most indifferent person. Every one familiar 
with the legal principles of the construction 
of statutes knows thsfc the intent or meaning 
of a statute is generally and properly to be 
sought from the body of the act itself. It iR 
only when the words are not explicit that 
the intention is to he taken from the con¬ 
text, from the occasion and necessity of the 
law, from the mischief felt, and the objects 
and remedy in view. Under no circum¬ 
stances Is the intent of the laws to be sought 
from the views or purposes of individuals 
outside of the Legislature, however active 
they may have been in influencing the legis¬ 
lation in question. Tims there is no pro¬ 
priety in appealing to members of the Joint 
Committee, who influenced the legislation 
on the wool tariff, to ascertain what they 
understood should be the intent of the law 
recommended by them. The law must 
stand ns interpreted by the officers of the 
laws, as the Secretary of the Treasury, for 
instance, or the courts.” 
These positions, altogether secondary to 
the principal object of our article, which 
was to show that imported wools of the 3d 
class arc not, used to any extent for clothing 
purposes, are controverted by Dr. Randall. 
We must content ourselves with reaffirming 
them to be sound in law and reason, with¬ 
out further argument, as we could not ex¬ 
press our views, and the reasons for them, 
more clearly than in the language originally 
used ; but wo refrain from attempting to 
justify our position, because wo cannot see 
any practical end to be gained by a contro¬ 
versy about what is really a mere theoretical 
question of laws. We are. not aware of any 
point in the interpretation of the wool tariff, 
in which we differ from Dr. Randall. VVe 
do not know that the manufacturers can 
gain any more than the wool growers by 
being strict constructionists, it was cer¬ 
tainly through a regard to the spirit, rather 
than the letter, of the laws, that the Na¬ 
tional Association of Wool Manufacturers 
retrained from opposing the skin wool 
amendment, recently conceded to the wool 
growers. All questions as to the construc¬ 
tion of the preseut tariff we conceive to he 
settled ; and it other questions should arise, 
we trust that the respective organizations of 
wool growers and wool manufacturers will 
survive to settle them in the same spirit of 
mutual concession which secured the pres¬ 
ent tariff. 
We are more ready to decline to take up 
the glove, in a metaphysical contest, be¬ 
cause of our anxiety to “fraternize” With 
Dr, Randall in his eminently sound and 
practical views on “ The Intent and Admin¬ 
istration of the Tariff as to Wools of 3d 
Class.” We in vile the particular attention 
of manufacturers to the following extract 
from an article in the issue of July 8ih, 
which we regard as most felicitous state¬ 
ment of the reasons for a lower duty on 
carpet wools, and an affirmation by the very 
highest, authority of the material positions 
iu our former article.—(Here follows our 
article on Third Class, of July 8th.) 
<pe Stowe-It) ertr. 
^ w __ 
PIG-PEN PAPERS. 
Brliio for Lilce oil Hog*. 
A correspondent of the Rural New- 
Yorker asks for a remedy for lice on hogs. 
Let him try brine. Two or three salt water 
baths will destroy them—at least, such is my 
experience. It is equally efficient as a 
remedy for lice on cattle.—P. S. SPENCER. 
To Cure Blind Smtruor* in Pigs mill Colts. 
Out open the skin in the forehead, direct¬ 
ly over the brain, three or four inches in 
length ; cut under the skin a lit tle and rub in 
a spoonful of salt. No danger. I never 
knew it fail.—H. C., Paris, Canada, Oct., 
1870. _ 
Food for Swine. 
An Ohio hog grower says that the follow¬ 
ing treatment will make the biggest hog out 
of a pen in twelve months:—“Take two 
parts of barley, two of corn, and one of 
oats; grind them together, then cook and 
feed cold. He says it, is the cheapest food, 
and that any pig of good improved breed 
can be made in this manner to gain a pound 
a day until a year old.” Wc would add two 
parts of peas to the mixture. 
Distillery Slop for Swine. 
Joseph Murdock, writes the Rural 
New- Yorker : —•“ As we have several dis¬ 
tilleries convenient,, I would like to feed my 
hogs on the slop, with rough food, if the 
meat is not injured by it. Will it hurt or 
not?” We know that hogs are fattened 
with distillery slop by the thousand ; wheth¬ 
er it injures the meat or not we cannot say. 
We do not feed upon pork and have no ex¬ 
perience. Let those who can, answer. 
Fodder for Hogs. 
A correspondent of ilie Journal of Ag¬ 
riculture says:—I have never seen any dis¬ 
tinction made between growing fodder for 
cows and hogs, and one might suppose that 
there is none ; hut there is quite a difference. 
Any close observer will see that cows eat 
the blades first and then the stalk. With 
hogs it is just the reverse; they look for 
nubbins first then the stalk, and last the 
blade (if at all.) My experience is this;—II 
I meant to feed to cows, I would sow about 
forty grains to the foot; if it was Intended 
for hogs I would sow about twenty to the 
foot. Where it is sown about twenty to the 
i foot, every stalk will have a nubbin on it, 
which is quite an item. I sow in drills four 
and a-half or five feet apart., and cover with 
a one-horse harrow, as it comes up more 
even than if covered in any other way. 
-- 
Inquiri*** lor Swlneherda.—Will some one tell 
me the best method of packing pork on a large 
scale; also of curing hams.— A. c. 
fiainralist 
CABBAGE INSECTS. 
The past, very dry season has been one of 
general thrift to nearly all kinds of noxious 
insects. There have been, it is true, excep¬ 
tions; for instance, the Tent caterpillar 
(Clisiocompa Americana, Harris,) were ex¬ 
ceedingly scarce; but the fall Web-worm 
(llyphorttia toastin', Harris,) appeared in 
greater numbers than usual, and many per¬ 
sons have confounded these two very dis¬ 
tinct insects, believing them to he one and 
the same thing. Similar mistakes have been 
made in regard to a comparatively new in¬ 
sect which has, of late, made great havoc 
upon the cabbage crop. Many persons, sup¬ 
posing that this stranger was an old species 
described by Harris, more than forty years 
ago, as Pontia oleracm , or Pirns oleracea of 
Boirduyal, which has suddenly been re¬ 
vived and greatly multiplied. This, how¬ 
ever, is not the case, and for the purpose of 
showing our readers the difference between, 
as well as names of some of the great cab¬ 
bage posts which they may have to contend 
with, if not already at hand, we give the 
following article, condensed from the Ameri¬ 
can Entomologist: 
The first species we shall mention is the 
Rape Butterfly [Pieris rapes, Sclirauk, Fig. 1.) 
This insect Ins been the occasion of some 
little speculation and great interest, to our 
New England and Canadian entomologists, 
inasmuch as it has been introduced to this 
VM/W 11 W- 
passing into green. The male (Fig. S) has 
only one spot above and two beneath on the 
front, wings, and a black dash on t he anterior 
edge of the hind wings. There is a variety 
of the latter sex which has the same mark¬ 
ings, but differs from the type In the ground 
color, being canary yellow. Curiously 
enough, this variety has been taken, both in 
this country and in England. [This is the 
insect, which has devastated the. cabbage crop 
in the vicinity of New York city the past 
summer and autumn, and the one so often 
referred to by the city press as the cabbage 
worm.— Eds. Rural New-Yorker.] 
The Potherb Butterfly (Pieris oleracea , 
Boisd, Fig. 4,) is the next species to be dc- 
Fiu. 1 -Colors Block ami white. 
country from England, and is probably one 
of the most perfect instances on record of 
any insect, being imported from one country 
to another, and becoming completely natural¬ 
ized in its new quarters. 
Now let, us look at tho larva (Fig. 2, a) 
and its habits, it, is one and one-llalf inches 
long; pale green, finely dotted with black; 
a yellow stripe down the back, and a row 
of yellow spots along each side- in a line 
with the breathing holes. In England and 
around Quebec, it, has done immense dam¬ 
age to the cabbages and other Crctclferse 
(Cress family) by boring into the very heart 
of the plant, instead of being content with 
Fro. 3 .—Colors—(a) pale green; (h) yellowish-hymen. 
the less valuable outer portion, as some oth¬ 
er species are. On this account the French 
call it the “ Vcr du Ommr,” «r Heart worm. 
When about to transform, it, leaves the 
plants on which it has been living, and fas¬ 
tens itself on the underside of some stone, 
plank, or fence-rail, where it changes into a 
chrysalis in the middle or latter part of Sep¬ 
tember, and in this stage it, hybernates, pro¬ 
ducing, in New England at least, the per¬ 
fect insect early in April. The chrysalis or 
pupa, (Fig. 2, b) is variable in color, being 
sometimes yellowish-brown or yellow, and 
passing thence, into green, speckled with 
minute black dots. The brood of butter¬ 
flies that emerges from pupa state in the 
spring lays eggs shortly afterwards an 
these eggs produce caterpillars, which in 
their turn change to chrysalids In June, anil 
in seven or eight days more the butterfly 
appears, which again lays its eggs for the 
second brood, which, as before stated, hyber¬ 
nates in the pupa state. 
In the perfect butterfly the body and head 
are black and the wings white, marked with 
black, as follows:—In the female (Fig. 1) a 
small space at the tip and three spots on the 
Fro. 3. —Colors—Black and, white. 
outer half of the front wings, and one spot 
on the hind wings; beneath, one spot on the, 
front, wings, but none on the hind wings, 
which are commonly yellowish, sometimes 
Fm. 4 .—Colors Black and white; (a) green. 
scribed. It has ft very wide range, reaching 
rarely ns far south ns Pennsylvania, extend¬ 
ing eastward to Nova Scotia, and at least as 
far west as Lake Superior, while in the north 
it, is found as high up as tho Great Slave 
Lake in the Hudson’s Bay Company’s terri¬ 
tory. This butterfly has a black body; ihe 
front, wings are white, marked above with 
black at, the base, along the front, edge, and 
at the tip; the hind wings are white above 
and lemon • yellow beneath, but. without 
markings, except a few black scales at the 
base.—[To be continued. 
Kura l Ardfitrctime. 
& 
THE MORMON TABERNACLE. 
IhiOF. Whitney in the American Arti¬ 
san says of the structure of this building, 
which seats eleven thousand persons:— 
“ With the exception of side walls of stone, 
it is made of wood, and the roof, of rounded 
form, is a marvel. It. is sustained on trussed 
arches; the timbers in lieu of bolts being se¬ 
cured together by wooden pins; and where 
metal bands would have been employed if 
iron had been cheap and plenty, strips of 
raw hide have been used. Tlio hide, applied 
and fastened to its place in a green or wet 
condition, contracts by subsequent, drying, 
and holds firm and hard. The gallery, ex¬ 
tending around three sides of the interior, is 
sustained by cylindrical pillars made of 
plank, placed side by side, and, as shown by 
close examination, united by largo nails. At 
tho end not occupied by the gallery is an 
organ forty-eight, feet, in bight, and said to 
be worth $100,000 dollars. It was con¬ 
structed by one of the members of the com¬ 
munity, whose original business was the 
manufacture of threshing machines. Ex¬ 
cept a few small pipes, the instrument is 
made wholly of native material; the larger 
pipes being each formed of numerous small 
pieces of wood closely jointed and glued to¬ 
gether. 
NOTES FOR BUILDERS. 
A Cheap lew House. 
A farmer correspondent of the Cincin¬ 
nati Gazette, thus tells how he constructed 
an ice house:—“ I set. posts in the ground, so 
as to make a house twelve feet square, (three 
posts on each side,) then board or plank it up 
eight feet high, on the inside. The surface 
earth is now dug out six inches deep, and 
sawdust, filled in one foot, deep, making it six 
inches above the level of the earth. The ice' 
is carefully packed, nine feet square and six 
feet high, leaving a space of eighteen inches 
between ice and hoards, closely packed with 
saw a, and the same thickness of sawdust 
!>' end on top, I have an old-fashioned 
loan! roof over this ice house. The space 
above the sawdust, is left open, so that the 
air can circulate through, and the sun shine 
in. The result is that we have used ice daily 
and have a plenty yet. As to the cost, four 
men with one team, cut, hauled and packed 
the ice, and filled in the sawdust In less than 
two days, notwithstanding wc had to haul 
the ice one-half mile.” 
Grooved Sliiutries. 
A new wrinkle lias recently been de¬ 
veloped iu tlie shingle, business. At one of 
theDoylestown, Pennsylvania,lumberyards 
a ear load of 24,000 pine shingles was re¬ 
cently received from Michigan without 
transhipment. These shingles have been 
sawed out in the ordinary way, and then 
passed through a planing machine which 
cuts the surface in such a manner as to leave 
a number of ridges, about, an inch apart, on 
the exposed portion. It is asserted that the 
shingles prepared in this way will shed rain 
net ter and dry more quickly afterward than 
the common article. The price is not higher 
than that, of other shingles. —Manufacturer 
and Builder. 
