rtarmtlfure. 
CRATAEGUS PYRACANTHA ALBA: 
A Good Hedge Plant. 
than two feet at the outside. We then country would be to betray a very feeble 
mixed about one-fourth of a cart load of leal knowledge of its forest riches, and to undcr- 
or vegetable mold, drawn from low grounds estimate the importance to it of testing and 
in the forest, with enough of the earth growing every important hardy tree which 
thrown Icotn the hole to till it to about the could be grown from beyond the great lakes 
depth we wished to set the tree, leaving to the orange groves of Florida and Cali- 
about the same quantity of mold to be mixed 
with earth and filled in after the tree was set. 
Our soil Is a weak sand, with quicksand 
beneath. We bought our trees, but took 
The constantly increasing desire, as Well with earth and filled in 
as necessity, for choice hedge plants has led Our soil is a weak s 
to many experiments with various species, beneath. We bought 
both native and foreign. There are many them up ourselves, so a 
species ot trees and shrubs, each of ■which, possible, and also get 
with proper care, will make an excellent no more each day than 
hedge, hut we believe the tendency has been we wc could set out 
towards the rapid-growing binds, like the and finish up. After 
Osage Orange and Honey Locust, instead of getting the trees upon 
the less vigorous but equally valuable ape- the ground, our first 
cies. Vigorous growth is certainly a merit, care was to sec that 
not to bo overlooked; but most, if not all, every root that bad 
of the very rapid growers require severe and been broken or man- 
frequent primings; hence we tail to see the gied was smoothly cut 
advantage gained in their use. A plant back to sound, unin- 
that w ill grow compactly without pruning is jured wood, cutting 
certainly more desirable (other merits being from the inside ouL 
equal) than one that requires it; and Ibis is ward and upward, thus 
the Kind that we are about to recommend, leaving it so that the 
Among the many plants experimented with cut portion would be 
lor hedges in the Eastern btates, the White underneath when the 
Evergreen Thorn {OmtffiQU&pyracctnthd ulbci) tree was placed in an 
is certainly the most promising. In the upright position. The 
grounds of Messrs. Parsons *fc Co., Flush- elms, hard maples and 
ing, N. Y., where it has been growing for ash varied in size from 
the past fifteen years, it is a great success, one and a-half to four 
Old specimen plants (of which there are inches in diameter; 
many) standing upon the lawn naturally and a 3 they were 
form a dense mass. So closely interwoven taken from a prelly 
is the small thorn-studded spray that a spar- heavy growth of tim- 
row would find it dillicult to enter or pass her, were quite tall, 
through. j therefore removed 
The accompanying illustration (Fig. 1,) the entire top and cut 
wa9 made by our artist from one of the the stems back to 
hugest specimens, and it is an exact repre- from nine to twelve 
mentation of the same. A small branch with feet, as to size. The 
berries, both of natural size, is shown in Fig. 2. red maples, basswoods, | 
The plauts bloom in June, and in autumn kft with some of the m 
they are covered with very showy orange- only sufficient to make I 
colored berries. As this plant fa naturally a branches about equal. 
fornia. Twenty-five acres are not too much 
for groups and groves and isolated speci¬ 
mens of the many line American oaks alone, 
with Avidc open lawns between, so that their 
them up ourselves, so as to save all the roots I beauty and dignity might be seen. If Phila- 
ward and upward, thus 
tree was placed in an 
ash varied 
one and a-half to four 
heavy growth of tim- 
her, were quite tall. 
I therefore removed 
the entire top and cut sS=-." L '- 
tire stems back to * r - 
from nine to twelve WniTE 
feet, as to size. The 
red maples, basswoods, peperidges, &c., were 
left with some of the main branches, cutting 
only sufficient to make the loss of roots and 
branches about equal. Having trimmed 
a very feeble Burns, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., is twenty-two 
and to under- 5’ ears old ; wants to go to some place to farm, 
if testiiur and Shnl1 110 Wost ° 1 ' to Texas—prefers Texas. 
. . , . , Tbo Commander said, “Then ho had better go 
uy tree which there.’' 
he great lakes Dr. Smith.— '* Kansas." 
Ida and Cali- Deacon Ukade.— “Southern Iowa." [For the 
not too much ffood eld sray-hairod Deacon, as was well known, 
solated sncci- l, ad boon through Southern Iowa en route to the 
, , Puci lie Slope.] 
\n oaks alone, „ 
... , * Dr. Thimble,— “ Now Jersey.” 
i, so that their Dr. Fuller.-* 1 Stay where he is, and ‘bone 
JCn. it Ihlla- I ill.’ The trouble is with the man; one locality is 
03 good as another.” 
Deacon UraDb.—“ Dr. 
v 1 Fur.I.Bit's preaching 
^ would be more effective 
P'anting. My frioiwl, 
—C^— - - -■ > Dr. Fuller, might. Just 
,■’ ?/ils w,,|i Bay that a tree 
-;-- - ~ ~ ‘ —— need not be trails plant- 
--cd as that men should 
WniTE EvERGRF.EN TIfoON—(CUATAWUS PYRACANTHA ALBA.) “ <jt bo * ’ 
Why One .Should Go 
dwarf, never forming a tall shrub or tree, It them, they were sot in the holes, placing 
may he planted farther apart than any of fkein so as to bring them about the same 
the rank grow ing kinds which require crowd¬ 
ing to enable one to keep them within 
allotted bounds and under control. Com¬ 
paratively speaking, the Evergreen Thorn is 
a slow grower, seldom producing young 
shoots of more than twelve to eighteen inches 
in length in one season; but the plants fill 
up as they progress, consequently require 
very little pruning, and when fully estab¬ 
lished, no ordinary animal would ever make 
more than one attack upon its thorny sur¬ 
face. 
For the first two or three years, a slight 
protection against cattle would be necessary, 
as with other hedge plants; but not other¬ 
wise, for it is tough and hardy, and cattle 
will not browse it, although they might 
trample upon the young plants. 
This variety of PymcantM should not be 
confounded with the more common sort, 
which lias large round leaves, and is not 
hardy. The White Evergreen Thorn has 
small, oblong, pointed leaves, as shown in 
depth as when in the woods, when the 
ground had settled. One man then held 
them upright, whilst another put around a 
sufficient quantity of the fine earth to keep 
them erect, when they were left until all had 
been treated in the same manner. AVo then 
dashed two or three pails of water around 
the roots of each, thus packing the line 
earth and filling all interstices, after which 
the holes were filled and the earth pressed 
down with the foot. 
We removed none of the surplus earth, 
but threw it all around the trees, thus rais¬ 
ing the ground over the roots some three or 
four inches higher than the general level. 
We then mulched about a foot thick with 
straw and damaged hay, which was left, on 
until spring, when about one-half was re¬ 
moved. I lost, one elm, two peperidges aud 
one beech. All the others have thrown out 
beautiful new tops, and are thriving finely. 
Last spring I set about a hundred sugar 
maples, red maples and ash, treating them 
delphia has a park of 8,000 acres, the United 
States will not, in good time, hesitate to go 
beyond one-horse notions of a State Ar¬ 
boretum.’’ 
AMERICAN INST. FARMERS’ CLUB. 
Notes of Discussions, Extracts from Let¬ 
ters, &c. 
Lent Blight on Apple Trees.—A. A. INOERSOLL, 
Jnsper county. Mo., describes twljr - blighted 
apple trees, and asks wlint it Ih, and a remedy; 
nnd A. P. Denning, Lawrence, Kansas, wriles 
that the irocs In that vicinity arc badly affected, 
and asks a remedy. Mr. Fuller said that people 
hud to grin and bear it. Remedies have been 
erivon, but ho know of none infallible. 
Smut in Wheat, Watson Devine, Tolono, 
III., asserted that smut in wheat la caused by an 
Insect, as any oue could discover by microscopic 
examination. Mr. Fuller Bald it would bo 
equally sensible for a housewiro to say that hc- 
causo Bhe found skippers in mouldy cheese the 
skippers Caused the mould or the mould caused 
the skippers. Charles B. Porter, Pucheoo, 
Cal., commonded the “blueatone preparation" 
as a remedy for smut in wheat, it having been 
used successfully In that State for many years. 
He did not say what that, preparation is. Mr. 
to Iowa. — J, L. HOAG, 
Iowa Falls, Iowa, writes:-I have been farming 
in this couuty fifteen years without a single fail¬ 
ure in wheat, oats, com or potatoes; 1870, the 
dryest yenrof that period, gives the lightest corn 
crop-thirty bushels (74 pounds per bushel) per 
acre. I ruit floes well. Is it good policy for mon to 
go to Georgia and Texas, seeking cheap homes, 
whoa they can find them hero, in a county noted 
for schools and chinches. First-class improved 
farms, two or three miles from Iowa Falls, can 
be bought from to *30 per acre; wild land 
1 nun *0 to $l(). Wo have timber, stone and coai 
in abundance, and now is the tlmo to make our 
taring better by feeding large amounts of buy 
cut on wild land. There uro eight railroad de¬ 
pots in thisconnty. 
UrewcM' Grains for Stock_W. H. CLARK, Be- 
tlutuc, Maas., asks:—“First, is brewers' grain 
good for horses ? Second, is it good for hogs ? 
Third, la It, good for cows ? That is, is It a healthy 
feed ? There are many people here who say it is 
injurious, although they never used it, andean 
give no reason fur ihoir opinion. Fourth, I have 
a two-year old heifer to winter on meadow buy. 
Sho calves the 1st Of April. Now would It be a 
proper thing lor me. In connection with this 
poor hay, to feed brewers’ grains?" Deacon 
Reaoe says yos to ali these. He regards It worth 
from eight to twelve per cent, of the original 
cost of the grain. Dr. Fuller commonded it. 
Dr. Trimble asked if it would not loosen tho 
teeth of cattle. Mr. Fuller said yes, and so 
would any soft food if fed alone. It should bo 
led with liny or hard grain. It is not a hurtful 
food, except when led alone to animals closely 
and constantly confined. 
which are returned from commission dealers in 
a filthy condition. Air. Behold had cleansed a 
filthy old mackerel barrel bo that it was entirely 
sweet by mixing fresh slaked lime aud a little 
peartosh with hot. water, filling the barrel with 
clover hay and pouring in the mixture and let¬ 
ting It steam, Tho time and peiirlnsh water 
would cleanse almost anything perfectly. Milk 
cans and puns are cleansed hy putting lime 
water iu « barrel or hogshead (if tho dairy is a 
large one) and dipping them in the solution and 
set them out to dry. _ They will never need 
scalding. Mrs. Lyon commended the moulded 
tin pans now in market, they having no seams. 
A Massachusetts member Imd cleansed butter 
palls and fish barrels by filling them with loam 
ami letting it remain in them throeor four days. 
Ail that is foul is absorbed by tho loam. 
£teum Plow Trial.—A committee appointed to 
attend a trial of Thompson’s Rood Steamer, ns a 
traction engine and an agricultural force, re¬ 
ported favorably of its work as a road or traction 
steamer, but unfavorably of its capacity for 
drawing plows, although it drew seven plows 
well in sod. It is tlius described: 
ft consists of a steel boiler, hung between two 
driving wheels, with a small driving wheel in 
trout, over which tho engineer sits. The cylin¬ 
ders, six by ton inches, as also the cog work’con- 
ncoting t ho pistons with tho wheels, are conceal¬ 
ed behind the wheels and below tlm boiler, Tho 
striking featureof the engine is the rubber tires; 
these it re six indies thick, nod are not riveted to 
the wheel, but are made a little smaller nod by 
si retching before going on. the ooplraction holds 
them tight. They are made of gotta porcha, 
oombinod with antimony. The rubber tires are 
capped or protected from the wear uf the road 
tty u steel chain or reticulation, so hinged as to 
yield when tho Uro yields, and comoout when 
the release of pressure brings the rubber out. to 
a perfect circle Now for the opera ii*n of these 
remarkable and ingenious wheels. The eiigino 
weighs six tons, when running Avithout a load, 
tlicie is a pressure of three tons on eueli wheel, 
at. the point, of contact with tho earth. This 
weight, flattens out the rubber; so, instead of a 
line of contact an inch in width, aswllh tbeiron 
mn, the pressing surface is nearly a foot.. When 
a load is attached, tho backward strain com¬ 
presses the rubber still more, giving a. larger and 
larger friction surface, in this way tho power 
ot tho engine is exhausted before tho wheels slip 
on an average firm surface. This elasticity of 
Urn wheel enables it to passovor soft, places with 
but little sinking, audit relieves (ho Jolt from 
stones. 
It is said to consume one hundred pounds of 
coni per hour, and costs $5,000. Prof. Whitney, 
a member of the Committee, stated that “ for 
drawing loads on common highways the ma¬ 
chine worked well, and was handled very easily; 
it will undoubtedly serve i|n excellent purpose 
in many mining localities, quarries, and ship¬ 
yards for tractive uses, where it is inconvenient 
to lay down rails; but I do not believe that, this 
or any other traction engine, traveling over tho 
ground, and drawing a gang of ploughs behind 
it, will ever work to tho profit, or satisfaction of 
tho farmer." 
ry 
Iflormtllnri:. 
Pm. 2 and fhn precisely the same as those set in tho fall, Nbwbold of New Jersey had never had smutty T ' 
the plant r’nrin^ il n ^ except using less mulcll, aud lost about one wheat when he had soaked tho seed in strong j/y denounces ith F'Georgetown, 
the plant during the coldest winters. It is t f ..... brine,-running off with the water the light seed ^ B “ ly Go< ’ ,1, : lcl1 fixate and 
propagated by cuttings aud layers, and ,, . . . , commends tho Lurly Rose. A Wisconsin Ax. 
lif-dima ciimiiH i,« •„ Having occupied so much space Grinder sends a samnlaof what he onlla 
»*«««• «*« I will abstain from trivinir niv reasons '”<= *m ,Uto.” JSSZ 
out of ten. 
Haviug occupied so much space 
t« year old plant,, as target Wire not l W "‘ ? tota "' IVom S'!’"® “S’ rawons 
readily transplanted, owing to their .Iron- ?' “‘,' 7 °* m U ‘° . ul!lnncr 
teply penetrating roots. It is also need! <ta . Cr "\. 0r ‘■’‘P'f SI "S ""X 
<** lo Pl«»t in autumn or very early in T™ !" '“T, “ “ 
■Prtng, as the sap moves the .Irst warm ?*“ "T’ ,,u aWo , ° J 1 ", 8 " 
weather; and after growth has commenced, f’ Tr? P rov,ded - Mr ‘ 
there is great danger of loss in removing. “'f \ am !' ot l»«»g.ng upon your 
b good nature by sending this for pub- 
' '\ C l °I\r 1 now growing in the Mention. Had any one else respond- 
t minds of Messrs. 1 arsons & Co., fa shown e d, I should not have done so; but 
I ig. 3, and we consider it as near perfec siljCC lh(;y j i;iVL r DOl) i wi „ be the first, 
n as li.su.i } attainec in the most carefully hoping thereby to draw out others.— 
ivated hedge. For small city yards or p. W . H., Detroit, Mich,, 1870. 
Thom < In lhe White Evergreen No ^ ^ ^ fo 
1 horn can searcely he surpassed as a hedge iuff U3 „ cll experience and i 
!rr - U,e'above.' Wo shall ale 
pientiiul, we do not doubt that many a farm , , , , .. 
will , ... . . y , ‘ glad to hear from our corresp 
>'hi be sunounded with an imiicrvious hedi'e , , , 
of the same 1 so long as he writes as sensih 
No apology was needed for send¬ 
ing us such experience and practice 
as the above. We shall always be 
glad to hear from our correspondent 
so long as he writes as sensibly as in 
this instance. 
FALL PLANTING TREES. w „ ,, 
W. Kobingou oi 
Yoim correspondent, P. R. P., in Rural T(rp , Pnirll J? 
Kew-Yormr of August 6th, asked those iti ® 
Jlio have had experience in transplanting he 8a ^ atw 
tlle various sorts ot forest trees to give the f . r 
results of their experience, and thereby en- ^ u6 1 elnlf ? atl 
able him and others to determine the relative f ‘ er ° " J 
advantages of spring and fall planting. Hav- ^To 
! ng set several thousand trees within the ?•' . f f a IO 1 \ 
!ast few Years, I will give in detail my ‘^ ot trefisai ^ 
method of doing it and the result for one t0m ? e a f eat 
86,18011 ’ 6ini Ply saying that since I have pro- 7 . ierC ’ 
C f (lecl w "‘is manner the results Lave been T r J \ f ? g 
■dinost uniformly the same. “ 9 , talel Y ai 
Diminn. ,1 _ Nature’s prodm 
t ,, IS 'lni ‘ e m ° n , th ° f November last 1 and the hurry 
S four lwndred forc8t trccs - them. By and 
tbird wffiteS' Jr,™ ?' rIet maple8 ’ onc * regret will have 
balance s r n ’ aud the will look back 
basswo0(ls ’ red ,)cecl1 - they would ha 
fmwjinm,) peperidges, QSTym^ and 
11 ash. We dug the holes before com- 
U,CI “Z " IC removal of the trees, making 
l ' ,n tour loot in diameter and one and one- 
11 cet dee P iu the center, and a little more 
VV. Robinson on the Washington Ar- s* 
boretum. x 
The English author, Robinson, 
writing to the London Field ol what 
he saw at Washington, says: — “A 
very useful feature of the agricultural 
garden here is an arboretum of hardy / 
trees on an extensive scale, It con- 
sists of about 2,500 species and varie- j y 
ties of trees and shrubs, and is likely \f 
to meet a great want in this vast tree ^ 
country, where, however, few persons 
are yet taking any interest, in the 
most stately and most valuable of 
Nature’s productions. The trouble 
and the hurry now is to get rid of 
them. By and by, years hence, the 
regret will have its turn, when people 
will look back and say how much 
they would have given that the 
finest groups and specimens of the 
wild specimens of native trees had been spar¬ 
ed. Although, however, this arboretum of 
twenty-five acres is a step in the right direc¬ 
tion, to suppose it iu any way worthy ol this 
Branch of Grata;ous pyracantha alba. 
and filth and dried it with air-slaked lime. 
This process was pronounced as old as King 
Solomon’s temple and as sure as tho law of tho 
Medea and Persians. 
Where .Shall a Young Man Go?— James II. 
calls a hybrid, and of which from a. rod 
of ground he and two of his neighbors 
dug two hundred and thirty-four and 
a-half pounds. Mr. Fuller said there 
were three words In the gentleman's 
letter that showed ho did not know 
what he was talking about—that is “ a 
now hybrid potato.” A hybrid cannot 
be produced without, two species, and, 
as all our potatoes are of tho same 
species, there can, of course, be no hy¬ 
bridizing. I r ho means a cross, then he 
is more intelligible. 
Fb**rer «u Grnna Lands. —r. Man¬ 
ning, Weston, Vt., asked when is tho 
best time to sow plaster on grass lands, 
and how much should bo sown per acre. 
Prof. Whitney replied llmt Juno and 
July are the best times, and theamount 
may be governed by the depth of the 
pocket. LWo regard this a very unwise 
reply. Our experience is that, curly 
spring, or just before tho full ruins In 
the fall, is tho best time to apply plaster 
to gross lands, and that one bushel pm- 
acre per year is Just as good ns twice or 
three times the amount. Eos. Rural 
New-Yorker.) 
Wonted, Chimp Timber Land*.— Dknj. 
Freas, Bergen City, N. J., wants to find 
cheap timber lands (plno preferred) 
near a largo stream. Asks if there Is 
any Government land of this character. 
Dr. Smith said such lands belonging to 
tbo Government hud long since been 
taken up by largo speculators and lum¬ 
bermen. Pine timber lands could only 
be found iu California, Northern Min¬ 
nesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, prob¬ 
ably. 
Htucklng a .Slough Hole With FMi. J. 
T. Sl’KAHHof Illinois had. In 1867 scraped 
out tlic head ot* a slough for tho pur¬ 
pose of securing water for stock. No 
outlet nor inlet to it. Rains tilled it. up. 
To his astonishment lie hud discovered 
that it is stocked with “mud oat-flab." 
How did they got there? Dr. .Smith 
COREOPSIS, OR CALLIOPSIS. 
I have puzzled my brains over a problem 
which I cannot understand ; It is this:—What is 
tlur ditforeuee between Oalliopsia and Coreopsis? 
If (herois any, why do wo find no mention of 
the latter in any floral guide or catalogue? Will 
some ono please tell me? One quest ion more, 
and I will leave. What la the plant, of which I 
send you a leaf ?—Lizzie, Auburn, N. r., 1870. 
The Corevpria nml CalUojmif both belong 
to tho Compo.ufe family of plants. Some of 
the older botanists separated these plants 
into distinct genera, but later authorities 
place them together under the name of Ca- 
reopsia. Dr. Gray, iu his latest work, 
“ School and Field Book of Botany,” in de¬ 
scribing our commonest species {Coreopsis 
tinetaria) says, “ Coreopsis or Calliopes,” 
which is pretty conclusive proof that he 
considers them about the same Lhiug. Core- 
opsis is derived from two Greek words, which 
mean u. lug, aud resemblance in allusion to 
the seed ; hence, the common name of these 
plants, “ Tick-seed.” CaUiopm is also de¬ 
rived from two Greek words, meaning Beau¬ 
tiful-eye. 
- +~*~* - 
FLORAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
liily of ilie Valley in Winter. 
The Lily of the Valley may be forced 
into bloom in winter as readily as tho Hya¬ 
cinth. Select large, healthy clumps, and 
put them in good rich soil, and then place 
in a warm room, giving sufficient water to 
prevent drying, but not enough to cause a 
decay of roots. A, box will answer, if pots 
cannot be obtained, and we are sure that 
those who are fond of house plants in win¬ 
ter, will be pleased with this little gem when 
in bloom; for Its fragrance is not so power¬ 
ful as to be offensive iu a close room. 
There arc many plants, the odor of which 
is very agreeable when inhaled in the open 
air, but in a close room it becomes nauseat¬ 
ing. This is particularly the case with the 
new “Gold Banded Lily,” (L. auratum ,) 
which blooms very freely when grown in 
pots; but a single flower will till a room 
with its powerful perfume, and few persons 
can remain long in its presence. We do not 
believe that the perfume given off by such 
flowers is really injurious to health, but it is 
often quite disagreeable. 
“ Beelulciik ,f Gerauiu in, 
A lady correspondent asks us to describe 
the habit of the “beefsteak” geranium. 
We fear that this name is about as definite 
as “ Wandering Jew,” and wo give tip the 
says it la well known to naturalists that job, not knowing what particular plant is 
the ova of flflh are transported in tho referred to hy this name. It may be tiu-i- 
stomachSof marine fowls; and that tho dices- ? . ... 
tive processes of thoso birds <lo not destroy tho ^ rafya Mrmentosa, or some of the small- 
vitatity of tho fecundated ova. leaved varieties ol Begonia; but wo will 
Cleansing nutter Palis.—it. newland, Hard- b 0 *' venture on a description without a 
son Valley, Pa., asks how to cleanse butter pails specimen. 
