Ihtrifir 
A)') 
oast. 
T. HART HYATT, ElJtTOU: 
I'oHT-OmrK Aobkkih. Sa* F«»kci«co, Cali,o*»ia. 
CALIFORNIA: 
Its History, Geography, Progress and Resources. 
IN FOUR GRAND ERAS. 
ERA THE SECOND. 
II. ITS DAY HlCKAK. Hit POMTICO-UKMOrO EKA — 
From tin Ailmnl ol (In- Jesuit Missionaries, in 17®*, 
In Us Amu ini iirii l'i ihe Hulled Stairs, In IMS, ana 
the Discovert) nj Gold, in ISIS). 
The Court, of Spain, doubtless attracted 
by these brilliant inducements, and tin* pros¬ 
pect of subduing those unless natives to the 
dogmas of their religious faith, in 1 <177 issued 
a mandate to Don Francis Payo Enriques 
ok Rivera, Archbishop of Mexico and 
Viceroy of New Spain, to undertake unew 
the conquest, survey and settlement of Cali¬ 
fornia, or to designate the proper person to 
take charge of this propagandizing expedi¬ 
tion. Admiral Don Isidro Otondo and 
Antii.lion entered into the enterprise, and 
to that end signed an instrument of agree 
mont, which was ratified by the Court at 
Madrid on iho29ih of December, 1679. This 
deed vested the spiritual government, in the 
Jesuits. This appears to have been the 
origin of the connection of the (Spanish 
Jesuits and priesthood with California. 
Otando, with ids Jesuit emissaries, started 
from Clmcalu, on their expedition, in May, 
1083. They Boomed to have operated mainly 
in the vicinity of the; Gulf of California, hut 
with rather meager success, for some time. 
After a long struggle by some of the ablest 
and best ot the Jesuit Fathers, assisted by 
the Government of Spain, they ut length 
obtained an apparently permanent foothold 
in Lower California, and instructed and 
made many converts of the Indians to the 
Catholic, faith. 
In 1707, Charles III. issued a decree 
banishing the Jesuits from all the Spanish 
dominions. Large numbers of the Jesuits 
were arrested and sent hack to Europe, and 
they were succeeded in California by a body 
of Franciscan Friars from Mexico, who 
After these ceremonies, continues the 
chroniclers, the harbor was surveyed, both 
from the shore and by means of a launch 
from tiie water, when it was ascertained that 
there was only one outlet to the sea, that by 
which the storeship entered. On the ninth 
day of No vein tier, being the duy of Saint 
Francis, a similar ceremony was performed 
on taking possession of the mission, when 
tiie want of an organ and other musical in¬ 
struments wits supplied by the continual dis¬ 
charge of firearms during tiie ceremony, and 
the want of incense, of which they had none, 
by the smoke of the muskets. The mission 
was subsequently named Dolores, in com¬ 
memoration ol the sufferings of the Virgin. 
Nutnbfll- of IttlwOnii*, <fcc., In 180‘i. 
The names of tiie various missions, and 
the dates of their establishment, with their 
respective Indian populations at the close of 
1803, are thus staled, on tiie authority of 
Humboldt: 
about, twelve feet high. Within these in- 
closures were tiie commandant s house, liar- 
racks for the troops, a chapel, storehouses, 
and other buildings. Tiie castillos, or lorts 
proper, were near these iuclosures, and 
mounted with a few small guns of very little 
practical use except, to keep the natives in 
awe. Tiie soldiers assigned to these pre- 
‘tinb llcpitrtmcnt 
AGRICULTURE IN COLORADO. 
and better quality than that of Southern Il¬ 
linois. In this county this season, 90 bush¬ 
els of oats have been raised on an acre, and 
a farm below Trinidad, in Southern Colora¬ 
do, produced 640 bushels of oats on eight 
acres, and 150 bushels of onions on half an 
acre. This is the product of dry, desert 
Founda¬ 
tion*. 
practical use except, to keep the natives in Fannin* and Stock ItaUlna. r\. , V . 
awe. Tiie soldiers assigned to these pre- Some facta about Agriculture and Stock land, that before irrigation wen a legging 
aidios were cavalry, and are described to Raising ill Colorado may be of service to at fifty cents an acre. At the fair just 
have bean of the most debased and worth- your readers. Since the advent of railroads closed, there were on exhibition 08 hushe s 
less. They were, both under the old Spanish n,„ variety of our products is getting of wheat raised on one aero, 33. htMliete 
as well us the Mexican rule, generally the -* noised abroad," and it is demonstrated that English Excelsior oats from four acres 1000 
refuse of tiie army, who had l>v*'ii sent to the territory lias good soil as well as profita- bushels ot potatoes loin t ircc aues, ons 
this isolated country as a sort of penal ban- hie mines. An annual Agricultural Fair of sugar heels from an acre. Here were po- 
ishment. And this is tiie material which has been held at Denver for several years, tAtoes that made an ms >e , am. 
made up the principal population of Cali- l,ut the whole Territory has not been repre- pounds ; and 110 pounds of bailej that 
foinia up to the time it fell to the mission of 8 ented, owing to the distance and expense of were raised from one pound of seed, 
the United States to regenerate, reorganize, transportation. It must be remembered Average Yield n< Crops, 
reconstruct, and change it into a prosperous, that this Territory lias over a hundred thou- The average yield throughout the territory 
enlightened, enterprising State, in 1848; sand square miles, and that the farming see- is estimated as follows:—Wheat. 88 bushels 
of which we propose to speak more in dc tioua have, until two years past, been con- per acre; outs, 55 do.; corn, 30 do.; pota- 
tail in our next era. lined to the valleys of the South Platte and toes, 175 do,; beans, JO do. 1 lie only ap- 
i — Arkansas and their tributaries, and tliat parent exception to sure crops In all grains 
reconstruct, and change it into a prosperous, 
enlightened, enterprising Stale, in 1848; 
of which vve propose to speak more in do 
tail in our next era. 
of sugar heels from an acre. Hero were, po¬ 
tatoes that made a full bushel, and weighed 
59J£ pounds; and 110 pounds of barley that 
were raised from one pound of seed. 
Average Yield of Crops. 
Tiie average yield throughout the territory 
is estimated as follows:-—Wheat, 88 bushels 
per acre ; oats, 55 do.; corn, 30 do.; pota¬ 
toes, 175 do.; beans, 30 do. The only ap¬ 
parent exception to sure crops in all grains 
Missions. 
Mules. Fom’les. Total. 
1W ...Ban Diego. 737 
1770.. .San CarioN do Monterey. 870 
ITTI_Kan Uitlmol.. NCI 
J77I_Sun A nloido de 1 ‘imIiiu.. frW 
1778_Hihi l.til*Oldapo. H7i 
1770 ,9an Jlinn CUpristrinio.... 602 
1170.. ..511n Francisco. 48? 
177V ...Han In ('lain . 7.V 
I7K2_Kan BlieniiVelil-Ur«. 1(0 
1TM0....Santa llnrbnni. 5*1 
ITh? .. I.ii I’nrlasiuiui'unc opclon 467 
17‘.U , S'de.I.i.l . *•« 
1T64_Santa (Yu*. 2.« 
I7V7. ...Kim Fe nundo. <417 
171*7, ...Sun Juno. 827 
171*7_Kan .Hum Biiptiat*. 6.H* 
171*7,...San MIkuoL... . 8o9 
171*7.. ..Kan Luis Key dc Frunyia 266 
This statement of the population includes 
only those attached to the missions us con¬ 
verts. Humboldt estimated the number of 
Whites, mestizoes, ami muluttoes, who lived 
either in the Presidios or in the service ol 
the monks, at about 1,800. 
N»nilnI Condition of the Aborigines. 
The aborigines of this country seem lo 
have been a most degraded race. Hum¬ 
boldt describes thorn, at the time of the es- 
Lablfshment of the missions, as ‘‘equally 
wretched with the inhabitants of Van Die- 
mau’s Land.” And nothing was done by 
these missionaries to elevate, improve or 
ameliorate the wretched condition of the 
these are separated by a divide which places and vegetables is corn; the large and late 
arm (Lconcnmi. 
A PAINT FOR FARMERS. 
There is no article scarcely in which there 
them a hundred and fifty miles apart. Up 
to the beginning of this year there was not 
a mile of railroad in our borders. Tiie diffl 
cully of bringing together anything but a 
meager collection is apparent. It has been 
hard to estimate the quality and quantity of 
is a larger amount ol swindling done than in Of our own resources. The Fair this year 
n .it _ I' .. P ii n Ain* roiwi imoli 
paints. As an item of farm economy paint 
is a very important one. Prof. J. H. Turn¬ 
er, Jacksonville, 111., is a man of great prac¬ 
tical knowledge and experience; and we 
never knew him to grind anybody's ax for 
a consideration; hence, we attach a great 
deal of value to the following, Iron) ids pen, 
which we find in the Prairie Farmer. (We 
want to say, in this connection, ill order that 
our readers may not trouble themselves to 
write to us for information, that we do not 
know who manufactures and sells the paint 
named :) 
was “ more of a show,” as our ranchmen 
say ; for during the past nine months over 
three hundred miles of railroad have been 
built and opened to Denver, tiie capital. The 
Denver Pacific brought in the products of 
Boulder and Weld counties; the Colorado 
Central gave access to Gilpin, Jefferson and 
Clear Creek counties, and tiie Kansas Pa¬ 
cific crosses tiie Kiowa and Bijou Valleys. 
There are now under cultivation in the 
Territory about 90,000 acres. 
The Agricultural Area 
lies next to the mountains on the east, he¬ 
roine two years ago I sent and got from tween them and the pestural plains. The 
a barrel to a barrel and a-lialf of Averill’s 
Chemical Paint, of a light dun color, which 
I thought would suit mo well enough for all 
work; houses, doors, blinds, fences, bee 
hives, wagons, tools and all. 1 put two 
belt is seventy-five miles wide, ami extends 
across four degrees of latitude, from 87 to 
41° north, embracing 18,000 square miles, or 
11,600,000 acres. For ten years, farming on 
the low lands lias been carried on to some 
natives in other portions of the Slate, or of g00(( U j )oll my residence here, and run extent, but. it is only about three years since 
varieties do not do well; but the earlier 
kinds, such as the Australian, King Philip, 
New Hampshire, and Mexican can be grown 
with profit. 
Frnli Fnlture. 
It was not until last year tliat any atten¬ 
tion was given to fruit raising, ami we have 
been dependent upon California for our sup¬ 
ply. The fact that forty car loads have ar¬ 
rived in Denver this season, containing over 
1,000,000 pounds, the grapes and pears sell¬ 
ing at, an average of twenty cents a pound 
and apples at ten, lias awakened new atten¬ 
tion to the subject, and it is likely, *n two 
years from now, Colorado will lie self-sup¬ 
plying in tins respect, and keep her quarter 
of a million dollars at home. 
At Greeley colony, a car load of choice 
trees have been set out, and large orders arc 
now being sent to the nurseries of Illinois, 
Kansas, California, and even New York for 
the best varieties of pear, plum, apple and 
cherry trees and grape vines. It is not be¬ 
lieved that, peaches will do well. Some of 
the trees already set out will begin to bear 
another season. Much attention is also 
being paid to 
Ornamental 8hn«l<- Tree*. Hhrnb* and 
Flowers. 
There is a nursery in Denver now ready 
they were succeeded in California by a body those who did not become converts to their <)v0| . HO|ue 1)imJ or f our 0 f my H ,miller farm t he attempt was made to cultivate the table Flower*, 
of Franciscan Friars from Mexi<*>, who religious dogmas. And those converts seem bouses on my farms. With what was left I binds by irrigation. The success of this There is a nursery in Denver now ready 
were in turn superseded by tiie Dominican |,> bave been treated but little heller than painted my .bee hives, wagons, whcclbar mode of farming Ls the immediate cause of to supply apple, crab, pear, quince, currant, 
Monks, who still occupy the country. Most slaves—were made “ drawers of water ami r0W8 ro n erg ’ barrows, fences, &C,, and on the present interest in Colorado as an agri- gooseberry, blackberry and strawberry, 
of these missionary labors, thus far, were hewers of wood” to their saintly superior4 ft) | buildings, implements, tools, gates, cultural State, This area is a port of the grape vines, shrubs, evergreens, green-house, 
confined to Lower California; and it was or masters. &c, tliat paint is as hard and glossy to-da.v, “Great American Desert,” and is most of it hot-house, monthly roses and lied ding plants, 
while in the discharge ol these duties that Populntinn of California In ls.n. go far as I can sec an It was a mouth after it Government land still, it. not having been boneysuekles and Persian lilacs. There is 
... * v .. imvu ireun ukum-u .......... ....... pmntru my .nee lines, wagons, wuwiuw moue oi tunning 1 
Monks, who still occupy the country. Most slaves—were made “ drawers of water ami r0W8( r() )| C rs, harrows, fences, &«•., and on the present in teres 
of these missionary labors, thus far, were bowers of wood” to their saintly superior* ft n t ,i,' ( . R( . buildings, implements, tools, gates, cultural State, Tii 
confined to Lower California; and it was 0 r masters. &c., that paint is as hard ami glossy to-day, “Great American J 
while in the discharge Oi these duties that Population of California In 18.U. so fur as I can see, as it was a mouth after it Government land 
the missionaries discovered Unit tiie Penin¬ 
sular <>f Lower California was not an island, 
as they had supposed. 
Foiiudlun of Wlauloim nml PrcniilioN in Alin 
California FIl'*l .UIhmIoii KhIii blluhoil al 
hnn Di<‘uo. 
The history of tiie Missions in Alta or 
Upper California—or our California, as 
we call it al this day, possesses great interest, 
as with thorn were sown the first germs of 
material, as well as mental and moral Im¬ 
provement in this country, such as they were. 
'I’lie Court of Spain, evidently fearing that 
the English or some other European nation 
might forestall them in taking full possession 
of this part of California, issued orders to the 
Marquis Die Croix, the Viceroy of New 
Spain, to found missions and presidios, or 
military posts, for their protection, at the 
ports of Ban Diego and Monterey, as well as 
in oilier portions of the country. This was 
d' ne, and lli n first, mission established at San 
Diego, in 1769. Presidios were established 
at Monterey and Santa Barbara, and San 
Francisco, as well as al San Diego; missions 
rapidly multiplied in various portions of the 
Slate. That at Sail Francisco was not fully 
established uniil 1776; although it seems 
that tiie missionaries, in wandering alioul the 
country in search of good positions for their 
missions, accidentally stumbled upon the Bay 
of Yerbu Buena, then, for the first time, 
named San Francisco, after one of their pat¬ 
ron saints. 
F.i'tubliHliinir <** iIi«■ Ml- a. I on Dolor*, anil tin* 
Primlilliii nl. 8ii.ii Fram-iaco. 
As this first settlement in San Francisco 
is a point of some interest in the history of 
tliis now important, commercial metropolis 
of the Pacific Coast, wo will give some of 
the deluiis of the events that transpired at 
the hirtIt of this embryo city. H iving se¬ 
lected the site for their new mission, about, 
two miles southwest of where the business 
center of the city now is, they proceeded to 
cut down tlic limber, and make preparations 
for a permanent settlement. Their vessel 
soon arrived from Monterey, bringing a num¬ 
ber of black onilie nml sheep, horses, mules, 
garden and field M ed*, and the necessary 
paraphernalia for making a thrifty settle¬ 
ment. The presidio had been established 
near llie entrance to the harbor, now called 
the Golden Gale, and, according to the his¬ 
torians of the day, on the 17ih of September, 
1776, sob inn possession was taken of the pre¬ 
sidio, the day being a festival of Saint Fran¬ 
cis, the patron saint of the port and town. 
“Alter blessing, adoring and planting the 
holy cross, the first, mass chanted, and the. 
Ceremony concluded with a Te brum, the 
net of possession in the name of the sovereign 
As lute tw 1881, according to the authority W as put on, and bids fair at least to hold its looked upon heretofore as worth the cost of another nursery on Ralston Greek 
. . .. .. i i! i* •* . . <» . i • i. 1AA AAA 
pre-emption. 
Ii'i-iBiiiion. 
There is an irrigating canal in Arrapahoc 
county, twenty-four miles long, built in 1868, 
at mi expense of $100,000. It. leads from the 
South Platte, and distributes water to about 
15,000 acres. There is one in Jefferson coun- 
Oolden, which advertises 100,000 vines, fruit 
and ornamental trees, and Osage orange for 
hedges. 
The experiments in shade trees have been 
gratifying. Two years ago there were none 
in Denver; now all tiie streels are lined with 
thrifty cotton woods. When Greeley Colony 
of Mr. Forres, tiie whole population »f own f or five years to come, if not ten of pre-emption. Golden, which advertises 100,(XX) vines, fruit 
California was about 23,000, of which mini- them, better than ordinary white lead and iriinmion. and ornamental trees, and Osage orange lor 
her only 4,343 were whites, attached to tiie 0 q ( p )C8 f 01 . cvcn two years. There is an irrigating canal in Arrapahoc i„, ( ijr eH . 
missions, garrisons, &e. »* j g now nothing how this paint is made county, twenty-four miles long, built in 1868, The experiments in shade trees have been 
j’roductM in 1831. or w li,> the innn is that makes it, nor do 1 at an expense of $100,000. It leads irom the gratifying. Two years ago there were none 
Although these missions were located in care. I know lie lias got something that South Platte, and distributes water to about in Denver; now all tiie streets urolined with 
what were considered the richest agricultural V vill, in fact, stand our climate, if well put 15,000 acres. There is one in Jefferson conn- thrifty cottonwoods. When Greeley Colony 
portions of California, and the contiguous OU) and at. a moderate cost, and that is all 1 ty, and another about, completed, taking wa- was established in May, a Car haul of walnut, 
lands were thoroughly cultivated by the na- to know about it. I have heard it said, ter from Clear Creek, and will open thou- oa | c and maple trees were brought Irom 
lives, under the supervision of their spiritual however, that the principal ingredients in it sands cf acresof good land. In \V eld county t | u , East, and are growing finely. A gentle- 
masters, yet they yielded hut a meager re- were the best boiled, pure linseed oil and the Greeley Colony have, during the past man in Boulder county, 6,000 Ibct above the 
turn, compared with tiie products of tiie zinc, chemically combined by some finx , season, built two Irrigating ditches, at an ex- gea level, has artificial groves ot timber. His 
present day. According to the statements which gives this paint its unequalled pol- pense of $40,000, thereby reclaiming some cottonwoods, planted five years ago, are now 
prepared by Mr. Forbes, who seems to have jsb, finish and durability. 50,000 acres, 10,000 ol which they expect to twenty-five feet high. lie has 250 box elders 
given careful altenlhm to the subject, the **| have watched it now for about two plant, next season. 1 hat have grown eevenfeetiiiHsingleBeft- 
loial products of the Slate for the year 1831 year8 with interest and care, and I have The slopes and levels upon the high prairie ROI1 . Helms a fine grove of black walnut, 
were as followsWheat, 7,857^ quarters; never found a single spot in it where it land are long and regular, and the subsoil hickory and honey locusts, from seeds plant- 
on, and at a moderate cost, and that is all 1 ty, and another about, completed, taking wa- W as established in May, a car load of walnut, 
care to know about it. I have heard it said, ter from Clear Creek, and will open thou- oa k and maple trees were brought from 
prepared by Mr. Forbes, who seems to have 
given careful altentioii to the subject, the 
tola) products of the Stale for the year 1831 
were as follows:—Wheat, 7,857j^ quarters; 
maize, 8 . 414 # quarters; frijoles, 514 quart- eillier peeled, crocked or chalked off, as our compact. The streams have generally a fall 0(i three yearn ago. 
.-w ..j t . i . . . ii . .i... ii..... _ i* x\...... t/v fl foot war milo 111 ft Pfllll'fif' *■ ■ 
Cl'S; barley, 2.814quarters; beans,garvanzos 
and peas, 338 quarters—total. 14,438 quart¬ 
ers. Reckoning the average price of grain in 
California at that time to be, wheat and bar¬ 
ley, $2 the fonega, and maize hl $1.50, the 
following will be the value of the product■. 
other paints do, not even on the wheelbar¬ 
row used to wheel wood in, except where 
the throwing in of tiie wood has jammed 
paint, wood and all off, by extreme violence 
Olliers who have used I his paint like it 
equally well. But the point is:--l can take 
Wheat, $19,114.25; maize, $31 340; barley, onu „ n d the-same keg and brush, and go 
$11,570; peas and beans, $4,260—total, $86,- over all my buildings, wagons and tools, 
Rev. Walter Colton, in his “ Three 
Years in California,” p iblislied, in 1850, uu 
amusing and euleiininiiur book, though 
somewhat colored in some of its descrip¬ 
tions, gives the follow mg as the 
Wen till nl llie tl in-lnim. 
Mission Dolores , Sm Francisco, in 1825. is 
staled to have possessed 76,000 head of cat¬ 
tle ; 950 tame horses; 2,000 breeding ill ires; 
84 stud of choice breed ; 820 mules; 79,000 
sheep; 2,000 hogs ; 456 yoke of working 
oxen; 18,000 bushels of wheal and barley; 
$35,000 in merchandise, and $25,000 in 
specie. 
But without going into like detail with all 
these missions, we will give the sum total of 
them. Thus:—Cattle, 991,000; horses, 56,- 
470; sheep, 844,000; mules, 10.000; yokes 
of oxen, 4,000; hogs, 13,000; goals, 200. 
This was the slate of things in 1825; while 
only six years alter, ns seen by the statements 
immediately preeeeding lHis, the property 
had dwindled away. This great filling off 
is accounted for by the secularization or 
confiscation of the church property by the 
wmw I"-* ry ' 
over all my buildings, wagons and tools, ver and all Arrapahoc county lias not, dur 
with no needless waste of brushes, paint or lug the two years of it« operation, visibly ^ . <i w(i 
lime, as the darker trimmings of the house diminished the volume ol watei m the South ,urim.-r.c.™ Mg 
can he put. on with the same brush just ns Platte. The capacity ol the Arkansas is P ‘ U0 ^;;;;;/;;;;/;;;;;.V.V.V.V.V.'.V.'2ii;(Kxi MgtojJ 
well. The paint comes lo hand all ready still greater, and the forty large tr.hular.es H.wrlano. 
lor use, and anv man who can spread his and hundred creeks, the lakes and pundit «m>o kmm 
IlW n bread and butter, can spread it, or if formed in spring by the ..idling of the snow The counties of Los Animas, Con.-josflml 
he cannot his wife can. For this reason the from the mountains-,lu,e are m well duu „re 
professional painters seldom like it; they tribute! over an area ol eleven million mu s ^ ( , n , H , JIIW ,|y 60 tlled, mostly by Span- 
think if ii comes into general use, ‘ Othello’s that they may all he drawn upon tor irnga- j im j 8 j| would he safe to say that the area 
occupation' will lie, in a great measure, ting purposes; and the cost of irrigating , n ,,|er cultivation is 100.090 iKves, and the 
„„d so il will. It is quite as good for which seems to stagger people, is llot going value ot the product lor 1870, $..,000OW. J 
Cii fl,L. .I...?«. . for U* 1, insures crops j^JJ" 
outside, as it leaves a coat that shines and independent, of drouth. As the countiy aei- ^ )( ,. unsi(1( . ra | ) |,. exported to the military 
washes like glass. ties up, the ditches may he built by tiie p 0fJ | 8 „f'Wyoming Terri lory, the mining re- 
“ It. was so hard and smooth that at first farmers in the fall and winter, seasons that ^ipn* «f Nevada, sinlions almm the Union 
when I carelessly painted my bee-lighting are nearly lost for out-door work in the East. Pacific, between JuMmrg ami Ogilen, 
1*1.1will. h. staling at na angle or forty- The .training offal aor» In lMlnoi. and sub- «>.i IU. Kmm Pnoillo, ns far cost uM 
five degrees, the bees tripped up and slid soiling in New England, fertilizing and ihe - - - 
of from two to five feet per mile. In a course of Asrclonlmre. 
of twenty miles, an Irrigating ditch vvill gen- \ statement of the resultsof agriculture in 
orally diverge six to ten miles away from any Oolorudo this year, will serve to show tho 
of the streams, and bring that breadth of j„. 0 gi rs8 already made. The number of acres 
land under Its inlluence. The drain Upon planted is placed at 90,000, distributed us 
rivers and creeks is not likely to divert them, follows: 
The canal which supplies tiie city of Den- Counties. a erm Vatncof 
Counties. Acres 
plliflttid* 
AiTiiimlioo. 18.000 
Woltl.2.600 
.1 ..M 
Boulder.....21,000 
.. 0..SK) 
El Huso.2.600 
Pueblo...2",0()u 
Huerfano.8.0U0 
Value nf 
FruOuci. 
jo5o.it o 
126,000 
600,000 
M0,000 
IWl.ItJO 
1HO.IIUO 
1,120.000 
420,100 
JU661.000 
The counties of Los Animus, Conejos and 
Saguache, in tiie Rio Grande Valley, aresoid 
l,o be tine for agricultural purposes, but ore 
al present sparsely settled, mostly by Span¬ 
iards. It would be safe lo say that, the area 
under cultivation is 100000 acres, and the 
value ol llie product I*»p 1870, $5,900.000, a 
million better Ihau last year. Tills not only 
tecdsour population of 55.000, but I here has 
been considerable exported to the inildury 
posts of Wyoming Territory, Ihe mining re¬ 
gions «*f Nevada, slalious along ihe Union 
• • i i s~\ I.... ..... 1 
five degrees, t.lio la-es tripped up and slid 
down so on it-s smooth face, that 1 had to 
roughen it. with a file. There may lie many 
better paints than this, but l am not ac¬ 
quainted with them, and all who try it in 
this month of October, will find it a great 
saving over the old order of tilings. Any 
Color of this paint desired, from a pure white 
lo a brown, dun, red, blue or black, can be 
hud, as I understand, to suit llie taste of the 
new Mexican Government, which occurred purchaser, and I presume it can lie got in 
about this lime. At this period horses and any of our larger towns and cities.” 
mules were worth about $10 eacli; a cow or --♦♦♦- 
fat ox, $5; sheep, $3. 
or tin- PieHidios 
there were four in number, one at San 
Francisco, one each at San Diego, Santa 
DiHiiostn* ol Coin Htnllts. nuns am 
1 wish some of your readers would tell ninety bu 
me wlmt to do with corn stalks from which sixty-five 
the foliage has been eaten. Gan they be mid 
utilized ill any heller way than to manufne- u , n Rcrea 
turn them into manure? We have lots of 
.i ..1 ,.4 I ,. If itjtui lioul li\ iliu ' 1 
act of possession in the name of the sovereign Barbara, and Monterey. They were built llin . them into immure ? We 
being accompanied with many discharges of In ihe form of a square, some three hundred them, and want lo know how 
artillery and musketry, by sea and laud.” feet on ouoh side, inclosed by an adobe wall pose ol them.—J ohn Grafton. 
soiling in New England, fertilizing and the j - 
devices to make land productive ill tiie East, From UIcierilie, Harford Co., DM. 
will in the aggregate cost more than irriga- Deer Creek is u beautiful stream, run- 
tion. Besides, you are at the mercy of ning through Harford county, and 
dromh! «,d «cl neithor of w..Wl 
are to he feared here. Tiie soil is made up ( 1)uul j n t |, e v lclnitv of the Creek is a 
of the debris from the mountains, its fertility |,| iu q {i mim |y | on m, and la in a liieh state of 
never exhausted by useless vegetation, and cultivation. One ol ib* greatest advantages 
the average of crops in kind and size is fifty is, it very seldom sutlfis ln / n . , i l ' , ' l . l '^. l '' l | 'J' 1 ' 
percent, better than the result of farm labor ^ t ^UmViTah is 
in New York. miacnl in an agricultural district; hut Corn 
There is a farm on the South Platte, seven , | '. lS lK . ( . n t | U . staple production fin- the past 
miles above Denver, that last year raised |^ vv years, although there is a great deal ot 
«>»«* , ““ w » “ f " l lic ;' t ; m 
sixty-five and one-half bushels on anothii 1);|S c<»nni<lui‘>Lblc attc-uliou paid to llie 
acre, and five hundred and fifty bushels on c „j l | Vft ,ion of Iruit for the past ten years, 
ten acres. and farmers are receiving tlmir reward in 
Finnr Irani Oolorntlo Wlient the. way of abundant crops of apples, pears 
, . » , * i* j m'iia i*i onr from Colorndo Wliewt . Ml , ...... 
alX. ' k in to su Luuia I C 
