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He must first doctor the horse for his blood, 
(for that is one of the great causes of seratch- 
es,) then wash the legs with dish water ami 
rub them till dry; then chafe them with a 
cob, and apply the following:—Sweet oil, 
six ounces; borax, two ounces; sugar of 
lead, two ounces; mix well,and apply twice 
daily. Much depends on keeping the legs 
dry and clean, and if the horse is worked, 
they should be washed and rubbed dry when 
he comes into the stable. 
A great deal of trouble with horses’ legs 
comes from not grooming them as well as 
the body; rub their legs—it pays.—A. L. 
T., RochMt.tr, N. Y., 1870. 
The following remedy never failed me. 
If a horse’s blood is pure, he will not have 
the scratches:—Give him a tablespoonful ot 
saltpeter every day for ten or fifteen days, 
and be careful about his taking cold while 
feeding it; it opens the pores so that he will 
take cold very easy.— James Harms, Sin- 
clearville , N. Y, 1870. 
“A Rural Header,” “having tried every 
remedy that has been in the Rural New- 
Yorker for the lust eight months,” without 
effecting a cure of the “ two white hind feet” 
of his horse, asks for a "remedy that mill 
measures are advocated in lieu of them. 
Fungoid growths are usefully suppressed by 
the mineral acids. A piece of slick, having 
some tow twisted upon the end, eminently 
answers the purpose of their application. In 
a diluted state they may be applied to the 
surfaces uncovered by the removal of horn 
by the knife. 
herder; have never had a shelter, except a 
common rail fence, until last winter,(when l 
had a good stone wall built on the north and 
east sides of their pen ;) have made their own 
living entirely; have not cost me one dollar 
for food, except feeding a little corn to bucks 
during about six weeks in the fall while run¬ 
ning with the ewes; have increased and 
orsman 
POLL EVIL 
H. S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Of Corti.am) Vn.I.ufi*, CoRT!.»Nr> Coontv, Nrw York 
Geo. S. Parsons asks some one to tell 
him how to cure Poll Evil. We copy Dr. 
LONG WOOLS IN LARGE FLOCKS 
Statements varying from our own pub¬ 
lished ones, in respect to the herding proper¬ 
ties of long wool sheep, appeared, not long 
siucc, in some well known agricultural jour¬ 
nals. We had claimed that they would not 
herd well in large flocks,—!'. maintain, iu 
such flocks, their health, size and early ma¬ 
turity, and take on fat with the rapidity, aud 
to the extent, characteristic of good speci¬ 
mens of the breed. On the other hand, it 
was asserted that flocks numbering a thou¬ 
sand, or even more, were often herded to¬ 
gether in England and oilier countries, and, 
impliedly, with results as satisfactory as if 
they were herded in small flocks. 
We did not, for reasons stated by ns, con¬ 
sider this question one of much practical im¬ 
portance—for so long as the long wools con¬ 
ceded ly cannot obtain that full and steady 
supply of nutritious food all the year round, 
which is necessary to their development and 
profitableness, on the uncultivated and un¬ 
inclosed pasturages of the South and West; 
so long as, during a portion of the year, they 
require food supplied by arable husbandry, 
and aration requires a fencing of the land,— 
there cun be no need, iu any situation adapt¬ 
ed to them, of keeping large flocks together 
throughout the year. Aud nur arable farms 
being usually small, there arc few large flocks 
of long wools in the United States. Good 
specimens of them were imported, as early 
as 1809, and now scarcely five hundred full 
bloods can lie found on a farm in our coun¬ 
try. American experience lias all tended to 
the Conclusion, and we think we may safely 
say it is the generally adopted American 
conclusion, that they arc much more safely 
and profitably grown in small numbers, with 
other stock, than when they constitute the 
sole, or greatly preponderating, stock of the 
farm. 
It will be remembered by our readers, that 
on our opinion in regard to the herding 
properties of long wools being disputed, we 
proposed to refer the question to those who 
ought to kuow the facts host, at least in ref¬ 
erence to North America — namely, tho ex¬ 
perienced breeders of them in the United 
States and Canada. We accordingly (Sep¬ 
tember 17th) issued in those columns a series 
of questions, addressed to those breeders, in¬ 
tended to draw out all the requisite informa¬ 
tion. They have been replied to by several 
of the lending breeders of long wools in the 
United States, and all who have written us 
on the subject have had a full hearing. Thus 
far the replies have substantially confirmed 
our wews. 
We do not propose yet to close the discus¬ 
sion. If there arc breeders of long wools 
who have dilTerent facts fend conclusions to 
present, we are ready to publish their com¬ 
munications. If we receive no such com¬ 
munications within a reasonable time, we 
shall feel authorized to conclude that the 
breeders of the country generally acquiesce 
iu the views of those who have already 
answered our inquiries. 
mm*®# 
J. NORTON o a 
THREE FULI<-BLOOD MERINO EWES 
lotwith- When the raw surfaces are extensive, the 
is, some foot may he wrapped in tow saturated in 
j other chlorine water, or solution . 
of ciwbolie acid, and kept JMUn\\ 'j Mm 
from the wet and dirt, fi[ 
When the intei digital 
space is affected, dress- 
ings may be applied by 
means of a rag, as shown 
in Fig. 2. Other remedies 
are phenylino or terebane, / 
butyr of antimony, oint- 
ment of the nitrate of met 1 - 
Sinuses should be care- 
fully explored, dirt and R|||mlaJaJji 
discharges removed, and |||jji| 
a solution of corrosive iffif Jk| fjlj 
sublimate, containing five Wfl | ifflf 
or ten grains to the ounce, W 1 yfW 
should he injected by 
means of the glass syr- Fro. 2. 
inge every day, and the external surfaces 
dressed with the following lotion:—Take of 
chloride of zinc, two drachms; tincture of 
arnica, one ounce; water, one pint. 
The prevention of foot-rot is a subject 
which should engage more attention than it 
has up to tho pS^Twt time. Tho feet of 
sheep should receive regular and periodical 
attention. Shepherds should receive instruc¬ 
tion in the mode of using the drawing-knife 
and rasp in a suitable manner, and not be 
allowed to abscise portions without sufficient 
reason for tho operation. The toes require 
to be shortened, and the sole and crust to¬ 
ward the toe pared down, when the ten¬ 
dency is to grow too long. This will be more 
apparent by a reference to the annexed dia¬ 
gram (Fig. 8.) Such accomplishments ap¬ 
pear trivial, nevertheless require great judg¬ 
ment and knowledge 
of form, ami a few ^\ 
lessons obtained from mflr i ^hs v . a 
a veterinary surgeon W v 3-s^. 
who has given his at- a 
tontion to these mat- Ficb 8. 
tors would prove of immense service. Wet 
ground should be avoided as much as possi¬ 
ble, and where the animals are unavoidably 
kept upon it, great benefit will lie found 
from the use of the following ointment once 
or twice a week 
Liter, I'robnbly. 
Ik a “ Subscriber at Slauly Corners,” (see 
Rural New-Yorker, Nov 5tli, page 298,) 
will make a close examination of his horse, 
he will most probably find lice, which are 
sometimes so minute as hardly to be discover¬ 
able, and which generally originate from 
hens.— John J. Tallman. 
RHEUMATISM IN SHEEP, 
Tins disease consists in a peculiar inflam¬ 
mation of the muscles of the body, very fre¬ 
quently causing considerable pain when they 
are called into action. It is usually caused 
by exposure to cold, and sometimes shifts 
from one foot to another, occasionally de¬ 
generating into a slow or chronic form, and 
attacking the sinews, ligaments, and joints, 
as well as the muscles. Tho neck and loins 
are the parts most frequently attacked, 
either separately or combined. Tho former 
affection causes the head to be carrviod in a 
bent, position, and the latter produces con¬ 
siderable stiffness and weakness of the loins. 
The treatment should consist in removing 
the animal to a comfortable place, giving an 
active purgative, such as two ounces of 
cpsom salts dissolved in warm water, with a 
drachm of ginger and half an ouuce of 
spirits of nitrous ether. A stimulant, such as 
hartshorn and oil, or opodeldoc, should be 
well rubbed over the affected part; and if 
the disease assumes a chronic form, a setou 
should be inserted near the part.—Dr. N. II. 
Paarjen, in Prairie Farmer. 
off as fast, as it forms. It will be prudent to 
make a pretty large opening, so that no ob¬ 
struction shall exist to the free and full dis¬ 
charge of matter, which must be pressed out. 
“ It, is customary In such cases to apply 
poultices in view of promoting the discharge; 
instead of a poultice, the author uses a paste 
composed of sugar, soap, and powdered 
bloodrool, equal parts; these are to be rubbed 
together in a mortar, and spread on cotton 
cloth, about the thickness of a dollar, and 
thus applied to tho tumor, to besecured by 
bandage. In the majority of cases, however, 
the author endeavors, after having opened 
the abscess, to put a stop to the suppurative 
process in the following manner: 
“ Having punctured the tumor, and pressed 
out as much as possible of morbid accumu¬ 
lation, take a six or eight ounce syringe, and 
inject tho cavity several times with tincture 
of iodine; after doing so, cram into the chasm 
a portion of salt and bloodroot, equal parts; 
put a cold water pad on the eminence, and 
encircle it with a roller, passed round llie 
head and neck in the usual manner, as tight 
as circumstances permit. On the following 
day the bandage is to bo removed, tho part 
washed and dressed, and a small quantity of 
tincture of iodine injected, and bandaged as 
before. This treatment must, bo followed up 
for several days, at the end of which, should 
the discharge have decreased, and other 
symptoms appear favorable, the chances are 
in favor of a cure. Our object, in this treat¬ 
ment is to excite adhesive inflammation, by 
means of which, accompanied by pressure, 
the surfaces of the interior are glued to¬ 
gether.” 
-- +*■+ - 
NOTES FOR HORSEMEN. 
(Scratches or Grrnse. 
“Rural Reader” speaks of the legs 
running; so they must swell. If they swell 
aud run badly, make a poultice of flaxseed 
meal and Indian meal, equal parts, by pour 
ing on scalding water and still stirring till 
thin enough for use. Apply these poultices 
as often us they get dry, for three days in 
succession, or until the swelling is gone and 
the poultices don’t dry. Then wash the 
l^pntrtttn 
INQUIRIES FOR APIARIANS. 
Please answer the following questions, 
through the Rural New-Yorker: 
1. I intend to build a house sixteen feet 
square, to winter bees in. Which is better 
for filling the space between the siding and 
ceiling, tan-bark or saw-dust? 
2. How arc we to know that an Italian 
stock is pure? I have some stocks which 
show three yellow bands, some two, Some 
one, but not one black bee. I find iu every 
case, when they become hybridized, about 
one .half will show no golden bands, and the 
other half will show, some one, some two, 
«fce. Now if, as some writers assert, those 
only are pure which exhibit the three bands, 
why do not some of these pure stocks, on be¬ 
ing hybridized, become stocks with but one 
or two rings, and at the same time show 
none which are entirely black? Did any 
one ever sec an impure stock with no black 
bees? I lmve some that mixed last year, 
and this year have re-mixed, that are almost 
entirety black. 
How far will they go for forage? My 
bees have been scon plentiful, from one and 
a-half to two miles from my apiary. How 
far will they hybridize? Some of my neigh¬ 
bors two miles, and some two and a-half 
miles' in a straight line, lmufe had them hy¬ 
bridized the past season. 
Which is the better breed, the pure or 
the hybrids? With me the hybrids have 
gone ahead. I had one stock send out. four 
swarms in May, the first of which, (issued 
Three Full-Blood ,Merino Ewes.—'The three 
fnil-blood Merino ewes, shown In our engraving, 
were bred by H. M. Board.man, and are now the 
property of Ciiari.es Stone, Esq., of Rnshvllle, 
N. Y. They were got. by “ Young Grimes,” owned 
hy Harlow Bros, of Darton, N. Y.,damsamong 
tho choicest ewesof Mr. Boaiidman’s flock. The 
pedigrees of the rams above named have been 
published, and are too well known to require 
repetition. 
SCAB-SHEEP HUSBANDRY IN 
TEXAS. 
rrbsntan 
Mr. Editor:— I have seen in the Rural 
New-Yorker something about the ravages 
of the scab In a largo flock of sheep in Mis¬ 
souri. I have owned and kept a flock of 
sheep for several years, numbering from 300 
to 600 head. During the war they became 
badly diseased with scab, and as tobacco 
was very scarce and dear—the most inferior 
quality of leaf tobacco selling at one dollar, 
specie, per pound—it would not pay to use 
it, and the disease was permitted to run on 
until July, 1868. In the first week in that 
month I dipped my sheep, about 500 head, 
in a tolerably strong decoction of tobacco. 
On the 28th and 29th of that, month I again 
dipped in a very strong decoction of tobacco, 
using nothing at either dipping but tobacco. 
I penned my sheep in the same pen in 
which they had lain the five years previous, 
and allowed them to range, unherded, on 
the same range, and since then have had no 
sign of scab in my flock, although still run¬ 
ning on the same range, and until last De¬ 
cember penned in the same pen, and now 
penning but about twenty steps from it, and 
my sheep lying on and running over the 
ground of the old pen nearly every day. I 
did nothing to cleanse my pen in any way, 
and of course 1 could not cleanse the range, 
as it was about four or five miles square. 
And now, a few words as to sheep in 
Texas. My flock is built up mostly from 
“American” or “ native ” sheep from Mis¬ 
souri, and the little diminutive Mexican sheep, 
I have crossed them for several years with 
full blood Merino bucks, and tho younger 
portion of my herd “ show their breeding” 
very plainly. They have run at large sum¬ 
mer and winter, most of the time without a 
FOOT-ROOT IN CATTLE. 
A. L. T., Rockdale, Chenango Co., N. Y., 
writes:—“ I wish to ask what, will cure the 
foot-rot in cows. I have some bad cases.” 
In “ Cl a tor’s Cattle Doctor” we find and 
copy the following concerning this trouble: 
The condition of the foot should he care¬ 
fully ascertained, as the treatment, must be 
adopted in accordance with the stage of the 
affection. The space between the claws 
must he examined, and all foreign bodies re¬ 
moved. The superior or upper edges of the 
hoof are here sometimes loose, and favoring 
the collection of foetid pus. These should 
be removed by a proper knife, which must 
he sharp, in order to excise them effectu¬ 
ally without the paiu that is inflicted by one 
having a dull or ragged edge. Such a knife 
is figured in the en- 
graving (Fig. 1); 
having a hook at 
the extreme end, and 
Fro- L cutting - edge also 
upon the back, it may be used in any posi¬ 
tion, All portions of hoof should be re¬ 
moved which may favor the collection of 
pus, and it may he necessary also to take off 
other portions in order to reach an opening 
or sinus below. 
These remarks also apply to diseased 
parts outside the lioof or upon the sole; and 
if it were possible to apply poultices or fo¬ 
mentations, they would be found a most 
valuable assistance to the proper progress of 
the disease in removing dirt, &c., which 
sometimes escape observation. This is, how¬ 
ever, impossible in most instances, aud other 
■Take of Barbadoes tar, 
one pound; Burgundy pitch, one pound; 
mutton suet, one pound. 
Melt the Burgundy pitch and suet, over a 
slow lire, then add the tar, and incorporate 
thoroughly. If, iu summer time, the oint¬ 
ment proves too thin, the quantity of Bur¬ 
gundy pitch may be increased by Half a 
pound. By the addition of the various 
acids, &c., already named, this ointment 
will prove invaluable as a dressing iu which 
to lie or bind up the feet when the soles are 
worn through aud fungoind growths present. 
We have frequently observed young cattle, 
as well as dairy and other stock, suffering 
from acute abscesses about the feet., which, 
by neglect or improper treatment, not only 
constitute the condition termed “ foul,” but 
even destroy tho bones entirely. The cause 
is to be attributed to the irregular overgrowth 
of horn, which, upon an irregular pevement, 
produces an unequal pressure and tension ; 
and the result is, as iu sheep, laceration and 
inflammation of important sensitive struc¬ 
tures. The accumulation of dirt around or 
between the hoofs acts as a further irritant, 
and we have all the conditions that may he 
observed in a case of the so-called “ loot-rot ” 
in sheep, or paronychia ovium. 
The treatment in all the stages must be 
conducted as already detailed for sheep, 
level and clean floors being indispensable. 
BEE NOTES AND QUERIES 
Tlio Hive Mr. Qulnfoy Uses. 
Will Mr. Quinby please give, through 
the Rural New-Yorker, the size of the 
hive used, as stated in the Rural of Nov. 
12th — the one having thirty-two frames? 
Will he also state if lie would recommend it 
for general use ?—A. S. Stii.i.man. 
Fertilizing Queen*. 
Will some ono acquainted wit h the Adair 
or Mitchel method of fertilizing queens in 
confinement, give the plan of a cage to be 
used.— A. 8. 8. 
We are glad to receive and answer, when 
wo can, inquiries in this department, 
