bn# pusbantrnn 
II. S. IIAKDAMj, IXi. D., EDITOK, 
Of CoitTf.AvD Virr.ArtK, Cortland County, Nr « York. 
WINTERING LONG WOOL.SHEEP. 
Beets for S?!»eei>, «&c. 
Dr. E. P. Luce, Dauby, N. Y., writes as 
follows: 
“ I have some long wool sheep which I propose 
to winter, and wish to build a suitable house for 
the accommodation of about twenty head; and 
I would lilco to ask thvough the Rukal Nnw- 
Yokker for a phut, by some person of experi¬ 
ence—and the best plan of a feeding rack. I 
wtsh to know, also, if any wool grower has had 
any experience in feeding beets—his opinion as 
to i heir value, and how they should be fed.” 
We would bo very glad to have some ex¬ 
perienced grower of long wools answer these 
questions. Mean while we will submit some 
general impressions of our own on the sub¬ 
ject. We do not believe long wools will 
bear so close packing in sheep houses as 
Merinos, and they require better ventilation. 
They are much more liable lo take cold than 
Merinos, when turned out of an overheated 
stable in cold weather. We have observed 
timi several recent writers recommend open 
sheds for them—that is, sheds open on one 
or more sides. We do not believe that 
suitable ventilation, or any oilier circum¬ 
stance, demands these; and every one who 
has tried such sheds, where their open sides 
are not sheltered by other structures, will 
vote them an unmitigated nuisance in a cli¬ 
mate like that of New York. When open 
upon but one side, they protect the sheep 
but a part of the time, thus rendering the in¬ 
tervening exposures more unendurable; and 
we have more than once seen the snow 
drifted under such sheds, a foot or two deep, 
during the lambing season in April! 
What constitutes the best feeding rack is 
a subject on which “ doctors disagree.” We 
are not aware that long wool sheep require 
auy different form of rack from smaller 
sheep, though they require them of different, 
dimensions; and our correspondent will 
find various favorite patterns of them in the 
“Practical Shepherd,” and in the back 
numbers of this journal. 
Several flockmastcrs of our acquaintance 
Lave fed beets to sheep with the most satis¬ 
factory results. There is not, probably, a 
more skillfully handled (lock in the United 
States than the Silesian Merinos of Wil¬ 
liam OHAMBERLADr, Esq., of Bed Hook 
N. Y., taken care of by his German shop- 
herd, Caul Hbyne. In this the breeding 
ewes are fed beets in winter without any 
grain. 3Ir. Heyne considers beets at least 
as good as turnips in all respects, and much 
better in the production of milk. The owes 
drop their lambs in January and February, 
and yet yield them an adequate supply ol 
milk. The beets are of a large variety, in- 
during its continuance; and under the con¬ 
tinued influence of suffering from cold and 
wet, and want of nutrition, they will waste 
very rapidly. 
Comfortable houses should be provided, 
and sheep should be brought in regularly at 
night, as soon as the severe frosts commence. 
They should always find a little good bay in 
the racks, and the shelters well littered with 
straw. They should be kept in, in the morn¬ 
ing, till the frost is off; or if it. should be 
raining, till the rain ceases. By this means, 
their growth and flesh may he fully main¬ 
tenfold degree in the domestic animal, by 
the system of breeding adopted, the nature 
of the food bestowed, and the habits of in¬ 
activity and quietude artificially induced. 
With a weak muscular development, we may 
anticipate what in reality we find, that the 
vascular system is more feeble than in many 
animals, and the blood circulating through¬ 
out the body is, in fact, very considerably 
less in proportion to the weight ot the body 
than in the horse. The latter is an animal 
both able and willing to perform consider¬ 
able muscular exertion, and is often called 
yv JJ’TJi/.L. BLOOD MERINO RAM. 
tamed until winter fairly sets in. Then a upon for it. This exertion is never per- 
half bushel of corn, or its equivalent in other formed without a waste of the muscular tis- 
grain, daily to the hundred, in addition to sue, to supply which a constant and copious 
good hay or corn fodder, (or it is better if supply of nutritious blood is requisite. 
some of each,) fed to them in comfortable 
quarters, will bring them to spring in good 
ease, and, if they are of a good breed, with a 
large fleece of wool on them. While riding 
through the country, in the fall, I have again 
and again seen flocks of sheep standing up 
with their fore and hind feet nearly together, 
while the cold rain drenched their shivering 
forms. 
One evening, not long ago, I passed a 
flock in this situation, and as I looked upon 
♦hem, many of them with tho wool parted 
| upon their backs, and the cold water pout> 
In sheep these exertions are not called 
for, and there is comparatively but little 
waste of the system ; so large a supply, or 
rather a reservoir, of blood is not therefore 
required; and although a largo amount of 
blood is actually obtained from the great 
quantity of food consumed by the sheep, yet 
this blood is quickly converted into flesh, 
and but comparatively a small portion re¬ 
mains as blood in the system. One cause, 
however, of the slurp having so limited a 
quantity of blood ' ‘ iTiimstance of its 
taking so small a portion of water. The 
ing steadily upon their spines, and thought pathological effect of a weak vascular svs- 
i hat they must spend tho dreary hours of tern, and a freedom from tho consequences 
XIow lo IHnko u Ilive. 
I have no particular patented hive to 
recommend to any one. Some kind of a 
movable comb hive, however, is indispensa¬ 
ble to those who wish to make bee culture a 
ARTIFICIAL SWARMING. success. The hive that suits me best is 
As I Lave prcvk^ly givau « of the ">">« M follows :-T«keMiy good, soft wood 
advantages of title ayatetn of swarming, I lom^r-p'ne la bcat-anddrrssd.np 0 ,, both 
will now show how if can he done. The “?«• ™o hoards, should be fifteen inches 
lime for performing flic operation will vary («™»P »■* '*> Uoekticss alter it 
according lo the season, Hie locality in “ , Fm .«•« ■*» “ r «■» c “‘ 
which the operator resides, and the Condi- h<! l "' ,> l'"f 3 "ichca m 
lion of his hues. As a general rule, no di- “f 1 )' ' «" »>e hack end thirteen and one- 
vision should be made until the hues are 1,311 ' mh «. "f f " r «•», front, end tho same 
strong in numbers, and drones are nmnor- >»»“'. «"»«•"“ "■*<” wll, . a , T , b “ “ 4 
ons in the apiary, which is generally, in this )” should he rabbeted an inch by live 
latitude, about the 10U. of June. If good eighths upon the inside ol their top edges to 
swarms of bees are not strong hi numbers ''eoeivo the tames, Now nail these pieces 
by this Ume.it is the sole fault of their together, and we have a box MK*19 niches 
. J upon the inside, with neither top nor hot- 
“wewill suppose that all hives needed are ! on '; The bottom board is I8«x8» inches 
.. . , ,, ,, is fitted inside the hive, tho back eiu placed 
in readiness previous to tins lime, also that . , ’ - . 1 
, , . , , ... four inches from the bottom, forming mi m- 
tliey have been painted at least two months 
, / . , m _clined plane, and extending in front of the 
before, they are wanted. The operation 1 , . 
may lie performed from II o’clock A. ill. till l “™; "‘f* 1 "* “ M '"'' 
4 P M , if the bees arc gathering honey in f, ' r ll, “ hl: ™’ An ,nc1 ' •* 
, , ° .in each upper corner of the bottom board, 
abundance. With these precautions, we 11 
... ,.* r , (1 mid covered upon the under side with wire 
will now proceed to our work. Unrein I ly 1 „ , , 
remove the cap and honey hoard and slightly ™ u " 3lto "’ A !tr f 
sprinkle the bees with sweetened water; ] 3 htted m the aperture at the front of tho 
now remove a frame from near the center of llvc ' .. ,, „ 
, , (11 Tlie Movable l< rumen 
the luvo, containing eggs ami Jnvvii, with the 
adhering bees, (being careful not to remove ,irc eacb com P? sed of four pieces, tlie top 
the queen,) and place it in ail-empty hive, P K ' CC being Ixt L J hi‘’-h«R by 20 inc'ics long; 
nexL to tho side; then remove a frame from J "' pieces arc /< z \ 1 inch,and 10 , inches 
tlie outside of the old stock containing ni length ; the bottom piece lx^ inch, and 
honey, and place it, by the side of the comb olgUltscn lncUes ,u lon S tb - 1boUom 
(first removed) in the empty hive. Put two ,,f } bc l0 P P iuc<5 » b<:V( ’ ,l!<1 to an 5 tbe 
empty frames in the old hive in place of the e,ff Pi«w nail(:l1 t0 a " iml > horn vwfa. 
full ones removed, arranging them so that cn0 > 11,1(1 tI,,J ,,ot '° ,n l liece i8 ,1!,iled on tlie 
they shall bo near the center of the l.ivc, « ,ul of Uie8<J - 1 hi8 gives us a frame seven- 
with a frame of comb between them, and teen incl,es lon « b y le, ‘ dee P> 
then readjust the cap and honey board in uremcnt - ^iue of these will go into tho 
tl.cir original position. Uivo ‘ lcavill « a balf i,u:h 8 P aCu a11 !uot,1Kl - 
.. . r and between each frame. This gives us a 
Now li the new hive with empty frames, , , . .„ oriP , . . , . .. 
... , .. , 1 v . . ’ hive holding 2,205 cubic inches m the main 
and entirely close it and remove it to the . 
stand winch it. is to occupy, which should ^ 
bo two or tliroc rods from where the old one 
stood. They should now be supplied with shouIJ bc ,nadl516x21 K inches, and nine in 
water and a little liquid l.oncy, and they d«PU»; nail upon lop of this a board 2t)x2<5 
will at once commence to construct queen 1ncbp!} {or a cover. Now wc have a cup 
cells, usually from five to ten in number, which will fit over the top of the hive, and 
But if an opening be made at. the lower 18 bebl ’ n P' ace by strips an incli square, 
edge of tlic unsealed brood, one inch in nailed upon th© outside of tlie hive one-bait 
width l>v four inches in length, and the lncb below 1,8 l0 P‘ 
comb be new, more will be built Tbe 8ba P e of tb ' 18 bive suits nic bcttfir 
n .. , , ... tlian any other; and the fact that it is used 
On the afternoon ol the third day the bees J ,. . 
, ,,, ,, ,, „ , • ,i by many of the most successful bee keepers 
should be allowed to fly, by opening tbe on- •’ J . . . J. 
. , , | & J , a t ... of our country, is sufficient guarantee of its 
t„u.ce half an bow before e m«e A tew - mt iI eubeuv A. Uchch. 
return to he parent stock, hut the greater ^ Htwi M|c „ 
portion will mark tlieir present location and 
rc-cnler their hive. For convenience, we * 
will now call it a nucleus. Twelve days A») v 
after the nucleus was formed, Open the hive Uj *)£ (105111tt tl, 
and remove all the queen cells but one; use J Sy 
those removed in forming other new swarms. ■■ —-- 1 — 
By forming nuclei from a few of the strong- NOTES FOR HERDSMEN. 
cst stocks two weeks previous, (one to every -- 
eight or ten swarms is sufficient,) we canuse Calve* in Trouble, 
the surplus queen cells as followsWhen I want a remedy for my calves. They 
they are ready to remove, form other nuclei have grown poor, run at the nose and eyes 
and insert one cell in the lower edge of the aiu j have a bad cough. What is the matter 
comb containing unsealed brood, according w jtklhem? What shall I do for them ? If 
to directions given in the Rural New- at) y ont) knows a remedy I would like to 
Yokkbb of October 15lb, page 250. By have it.—w. h. u. 
this method nearly two weeks time will be - 
gained; and in four days the nuclei will be A cmf. 
in possession ot a hatched queen, which will Tyj ]t Robert Ryan, Center Lisle, Broome 
became fertile in from four to eight days uf- Co>> N y has a bull calf of the Galloway 
tenvnrd. breed, eight, months old, weighiug seven 
Queens arc occasionally lost upon their hundred and twenty pounds, a correspond- 
bridal tour, in which case we must give tlie ent j n f orms us , 
bees another queen cell. As soon as the 
queens become fertile, which may be ascor- Foot Disease in Cattle, 
taiued by examining the combs for eggs, if w. B. Rigc.9 , Palmyra, N. Y., writes tbe 
th© weather be warm and pleasant, and the Ohio Farmer that lie applies nitric acid lo 
bees are gathering honey in abundance, we j c iu (ho disease, and carbolic acid to heal the 
may swarm our bees. Find tbe queen in SO i-c—mixing one part of carbolic acid to 
the nucleus and confine her in a cage made three pails of lard for an ointment, and fora 
of wire cloth, which may be laid upon the wash, mixed more of the acid with water,in 
top of the frames. Tho two combs should t he same proportions as with the lard. The 
be placed in the center of the hive, with an ] ul j should lj o melted, and then stirred until 
empty frame between them; then fill up cool; otherwise they will not unite Ho 
with empty frames, and when the bees are af p| s .—“My treatment, of the sore was as 
flying briskly, exchange places with the ldvc follows: After washing thoroughly with 
from which the nucleus was formed. The. s t ro ng soap suds, I applied the acid and wa- 
greater portion of the bees from the old hive tel . sufficiently to touch all parts of tbe sore, 
will now find their way to the new one; but iU1 d then applied the ointment. I then cov- 
cnough will remain, together with tlio.se (;m i a c i 0 u, with tar, and bound up the foot 
from the nucleus to carry on the operations fo r the purpose of keeping the air from it , 
of the hive. Two days from the time we the acid being exceedingly volatile. A little 
exchanged places with the hives, the queen batting, with a cabbage leaf and cloth, would 
in the new swarm should he liberated, and answer the same purpose equally well or 
our new swarm is now completed. better. The ointment should be kept In a 
There are several methods of making arti- closed vessel—a fruit jar answers a good pur- 
fiend swarms, hut the one given above has pose—and the wash corked. One or two 
my decided preference, for several reasons, applications of tho nitric acid, after it can 
With this method all comb built in the new reach the sore, are sufficient. I am of tlu; 
hive will be worker comb; for, as a general opinion that the carbolic acid alone, would 
rule, a swarm, with a young, fertile queen, he sufficient, to interrupt tlm disease and el- 
will build only worker comb ; the old queen feet a cure. I have tried n variety of things, 
is not. removed from the parent stock and some with quite indifferent success; but wiib 
its labors continue without interruption. t.he remedies here named, have never failed 
All hives should be painted of a -uniform to experience satisfactory results. Since l 
color; for much of our success will depend began to use the carbolic acid, I have bad no 
upon this. We are aware that many sue- new cases, and therefore have not enjoyed 
cessfui apiarians advise differently; but if the opportunity ot testing its efficiency alone, 
the hives are kept a proper distance apart— But it works like a charm in cleansing tlie 
not less than thirty feet—there is no danger sore, and thus affords nature a good oppor- 
Le either bees or queens from this source. trinity to heal the wound.” 
the night in a suffering, wasting condi¬ 
tion, I sympathized till I really partook of 
their sufferings. Presently I stopped to 
spend tlie night where tlie sheep bad nil 
been brought into a comfortable house as 
soon as the rain commenced, before their 
lti I P 4. •IV ovun UIU it outv lIViA'wVTj I .. . tT «| -r ,| j ♦ 
_ , , .. fleeces were wet. When I walked m among 
troduced from Germuny, somewhat differing, , .... . 
... - them at twilight, soma were feeding at the 
we behove, from the field beets usually , ® " 
. I- , Q . . . ,, „ sweet hay m the racks; occasionally one 
grown m the United Slates; but whether ,, L . , ./ . 
they possess any essentially different quali¬ 
ties we are not informed. We presume not, 
though they may be rather superior to tho 
usual varieties for feeding slock. We have 
known other kinds to be fed to sheep with 
good results. 
We may remark, in passing, that Mr. 
Chamberlain has, or had when wo visited 
lii.s farm a few years since, a novel mode of 
storing his beets for winter feeding. They 
were put in neither pits nor cellars, but in 
an apartment of Ills sheep barn, adjoining 
that in which the sheep were kept,and not 
separated from them by any partition walls. 
The warmth from the sheep kept the tem- 
perulnre high enough to prevent tlie beets 
from freezing. Wc think, however, the 
walls of the barn were of stone, as high or 
higher than the top of the beet room. Tlie 
ventilation was so carefully managed by 
IlEYKE that the temperature scarcely varied. 
To the inquiry how beets should be fed, 
we answer that they should be prepared as 
all other roots are prepared l'or feeding—by 
having them chopped, or cut in a machine, 
sufficiently line for easy mastication, and 
then placed in troughs enough to prevent 
the sheep from being crowded while eating. 
-- 
SHEEP: 
Fall and Early Winter Treatment, 
[From the Ohio Farmer.J 
There is, perhaps, no point in which 
flock masters more frequently err in the 
management of their sheep, than in allowing 
them to depend entirely upon pasture for 
subsistence during the latter part of fall and 
early winter. Circumstances—the weather 
included—must be extraordinarily favorable 
if sheep, dependent solely upon grass at this 
season of tlie year, do not. lose flesh. The 
growth of the grass being checked, the pas¬ 
ture usually becomes .short. The frost not 
only diminishes the nutritive qualities ot the 
grass, but prevents tlie sheep from grazing 
some time in the morning. And when one 
of the long, cold rains occur, to which tins 
season of the year is subject, they will stand 
and not attempt to eat most of the time 
sweet, hay in the racks; occasionally otic 
would walk down to the fountain of water 
that was provided under the shelter and 
slake its thirst, which the dry food induced ; 
while many, having already tilled them¬ 
selves, were lying cosily upon the clean 
straw with which they were abundantly 
bedded, looking the very embodiment of 
con tented ness and comfort, i seated myself 
among thorn, and partaking richly of the 
comfort and enjoyment surrounding me, my 
heart was filled with thankfulness lo the 
Great Shepherd whose loving kindness and 
mercy are so abundantly extended to the 
humblest of llis creatures—that He lias so 
arranged in His divine economy,that, just, in 
proportion as man contributes to the comfort 
of the creatures given for his use, in like 
proportion they minister to his wants, and 
promote his prosperity. Wit. H. Ladd. 
-- 
SHEEP TALK. 
The diseases of the sheep, though numer¬ 
ous and often fatal, are powerfully influenced 
by the nature, habits and constitution, of tlie 
animal. If we were to take another domes¬ 
tic animal, such as the liorse, and judge of 
of severe muscular exertions, is tbe compara¬ 
tive immunity of the sheep from diseases of 
an active inflammatory nature. 
Tlie character of the greater portion of 
maladies is consequently that of debility. 
Tliis indisposition to inflammatory diseases 
is likewise assisted by tbe great powers of 
assimilation possessed by the slieep, nutri¬ 
tious food being so quickly and readily con¬ 
verted into flesh and fat. If the liorse were 
fed with food as nutritions as i3 often given 
to fattening sheep, and like them debarred 
from exercise, disease would very soon he 
the consequence, whilst tho sheep can live 
on from month to month in confined sheds, 
taking ns much of the most nutritious food 
as t.he appetite will permit. The super¬ 
abundant blood that in the liorse would 
cause plethora and inflammation, in the 
sheep is quickly converted into flesh. In 
Hie treatment, of its diseases, we must, there¬ 
fore, hear ill mind the peculiar physiology of 
1 the animal; and even if a disease be of an 
inflammatory nature, we must not forget 
that a sheep does not possess above four to 
five pounds of blood, whilst most animals 
have a considerably greater quantity in pro¬ 
portion to their bulk.— Dr. Paarm, in Prai¬ 
rie Fanner. 
-«-♦-*- 
NOTES AND EXTRACTS. 
Our farmers, in tbe average, are too much 
confined, in summer and autumn, to salt 
meat, and especially to pork. However ex¬ 
cellent in quality these may be, their exclu- 
thc symptoms of disease in the sheep, and sive use is neither healthful nor palatable. 
With a good flock of sheep, the most se¬ 
cluded farmer may have fresh meat every 
week in baying and harvest time if he 
chooses; and ho will find this better for his 
family, and more satisfactory to his work¬ 
men,'than a diet wherefrom fresh meat is 
regulate a treatment by comparing them With a good flock ol 
with the diseases of such animal, our theory eluded fanner may li 
and practice would be alike erroneous and week in baying and 
unsuccessful. The sheep is an animal hnv- chooses; and bo will f 
mg very powerful digestive organs, a greater J t j mu !L [liat Nvht 
capability than any other domestic brute, of excluded._ II. Greeley. 
converting grass and roots into flesh and fat, -j- uv ^yoolcu 
and of extracting from coarse and compara- jp ], aa iip* season dm 
tlvely umuitritious food, the nutriment which It has been turning oil 
I there exists in a very diffused state. If an per month, also 3,00fi 
I unlimited quantity of roots and hay were ytim, consuming in all 
given to a horse exposed to cold, lie would J^XSory me sold' 
probably lose flesh, instead of gaming it.; Missouri, Iowa and i 
while a sheep, on such food, increases daily season 1ms been one 
in bulk. with western woolen i 
The brain of the slieep is small, its intel- ' ** 
loot. wc£lI(, and its v>1io1g ugivous system Morfno vain, whoso port 
feoblv developed, and much of the nervous Bred ami is owned l>y it. 
J , . . . , , Jtnshville, Ontario Co., 
energy actually possessed is devoted to tho “Younj? L'ompaut." in< 
digestive organs. Tlie muscular system is hrti/'b^LRXANJjBK^: 
comparatively weak, and tlie sheep is unfit- N. Y. ills first tw-ee 
tod for laborious exercise, even in a state of ir!^' 1 pnii,,a- 0 "he ’'vrWi 
nature, and this disposition is increased in a was taken (in the fleece) 
The Homo 'Woolen Mill, at Jacksonville, 
III., lias this season done a thriving business. 
It has been turning mil 25,000 yards of cloth 
per month, also 3,000 pounds of knitting 
yarn, consuniinv; in all 15,000 pounds of wool 
per month. The woolen goods from this 
manufactory are sold extensively in Illinois, 
Missouri, Iowa and Kansas. The present 
season lias been one of unusual prosperity 
with western woolen manufacturers. 
-- 
A Full Dinoil Merino Ram.— Th© full blood 
Merino ram, whose portr.-iit i* nt«)ve given, was 
bred ami is owned by It. M. Buakdman. Esq., of 
Rushville, Ontario Co.. N. V. Ilo was got by 
“Young Com pact." lived Lv Gen. O. I\ M,\it- 
snAi.t, .Sc Son fit Wheeler, N»Y. His dam was 
bred by AlrxanDKK Aunoi.o, E-q.. of Avocn, 
N. Y. His first fleece weighed, unwashed. 16 
pounds; second. 2IK pounds; third, and last, 
poiinds. His weight wlvn above portrait 
was taken (in the fleece) was 15o pounds. 
icrbstmtn. 
NOTES FOR HERDSMEN. 
Calve* In Trouble. 
I want a remedy for my calves. They 
have grown poor, run at the nose a nd eyes 
and have a bad cough. What is the matter 
with them ? What shall I do for them ? If 
any one knows a remedy I would like to 
have it.—w. li. u. 
A I.nvsre Calf. 
Mr. Robert Ryan, Center Lisle, Broome 
Co., N. Y., lias a bull call of tlie Galloway 
breed, eight months old, weighing seven 
hundred and twenty pounds, a correspond¬ 
ent informs us. 
Foot Disease in Cattle. 
W. B. Riggs, Palmyra, N. Y., writes the 
Ohio Farmer that lie applies nitric acid lo 
kill tlm disease, and carbolic acid to lieal the 
sore—mixing one pall, of carbolic acid to 
three parts oflard for an ointment, and fora 
wash, mixed more of the acid with water, in 
tlie same proportions as with the lard. The 
lard should bo melted, and then stirred until 
cool; otherwise they will not unite Ho 
adds:—“My treatment of the sore was as 
follows; After washing thoroughly with 
strong soap suds, I applied the acid and wa¬ 
ter sufficiently to touch all parts of tbe sore, 
and then applied the ointment. I then cov¬ 
ered a cloth with tar, and bound up the foot 
for tbe purpose of keeping the air from it, 
the acid being exceedingly volatile. A little 
batting, with a cabbage loaf and cloth, would 
answer the same purpose equally well or 
better. The ointment should be kept in a 
closed vessel—a fruit jar answers a good pur¬ 
pose—and tbe wash corked. One or two 
