spiciness. Mr. Brand states it as a seedling, 
the seeds having come from Canada sixteen 
years since. 
Bolden, 25. 
Evidently another seedling from Falla- 
watar, but it lias lost size and the large grey 
dots of that variety. In form like Fallawa- 
ta, one-fourth its size; pale yellowish, with 
and did intend to send you one, but you did 
not wish it. 
The orange was raised on the Gulf Coast, 
near Biloxi, is a cross between a sweet orange 
and a Sbaddoc. 
The lemon has been propagated about 
New Orleans, but has been lost by many 
through carelessness; alight frost will kill 
trimming apple trees must be varied to suit 
different circumstances. If the trees are 
very vigorous, the best, time to prune, in 
order to develop fruit spurs, is in early sum¬ 
mer, after the new growth of the season has 
commenced. This will somewhat check 
the production of wood, and increase the 
number and size of fruit buds. But if the 
trees are not over-vigorous, and more ex¬ 
tended wood growth is desired, then prune 
in autumn or winter; if in the latter season, 
choose warm days, when the young brauclies 
are not frozen. 
There are very few apple trees, anywhere, 
which could not be improved, either in 
growth or production of fruit, hy judicious 
pruning; but before any man puts a knife or 
other implement into a tree,he should know 
why and wherefore he prunes. We fear 
that the operation is generally performed for 
no better reason tliau tbe man gave who 
whipped his dutiful son every night before 
he went to bed, i. e., because he did not wish 
to " spare the rod and spoil the child con¬ 
sequently, if a good walloping was a good 
thing, then the more the better. We cer¬ 
tainly believe in pruning trees, and know 
that many orchards are suffering for the 
want of it, but if a man has no other specif¬ 
ic object in view except to prune, he had 
better let out the job to some one who does 
know what is required, and how it is to be 
attained. The difference in numbers be¬ 
tween the orchards that have been injured 
by pruning and those that suffer for the 
waut of it, is very small indeed. 
ontological 
rboricnltttrc 
FRUITS RECEIVED. 
BEAUTIFUL NEW OAKS 
I BY F. U. ELLIOTT. 
Kotos on Minnesota Apples concluded from page 380. 
Goml Enough, 24. 
A medium-sized fruit, roundish oblate, 
obbquc, pale greenish yellow, with white 
dots, and few traces of russet; stem short; 
cavity russeLted; calyx closed; basin un¬ 
even ; flesh greenish white, crisp, breaking, 
mild subacid; good to very good; core 
large; seeds large, full, plump. 
“ Winona Chief” No. 16. 
Mr. Brand writes this is claimed as a 
seedling; but it is also known as Lucy- 
Utiers Large Red, and Winona Chief. It :s 
u fruit of a common style, and wilh no 
special marks, except its large, light-colored 
specks; and while it seems known to me, I 
cannot designate it. It is above medium 
size, roundish, dull, pale yellow, mostly 
covered with light but dull red, marbled 
with a darker shade; many large, light- 
colored specks; stem short, in a deep, open 
cavity; calyx nearly closed ; basin medium; 
flesh whitish, rather coarse, and spongy; 
mild subacid, good to almost very good. 
(Ji'in, 47. 
A small, roundish oblate crab, clear, rich, 
light yellow, with a Vermillion, blush-red 
cheek; flesh linn, crisp, spicy, rich; Mr. 
Brand writes it will keep until June. It 
is the best in quality that I have found in 
Mr. Brand’s collection as yet. 
Ivrngulnr, No. 42. 
Claimed a seedling. It is much like 
White Calville, and, if not identical, is 
probably a seedling of it. It lias a yellow¬ 
ish-white flesh, spicy, aromatic, with an 
open, hollow core. If it does well in Minne¬ 
sota, it is worth cultivating extensively. 
C'flNH. 49. 
A small, roundish fruit, dull greenish, be¬ 
coming yellow when mature; faint tinge of 
red in sun; slight traces of russet; stem 
short; calyx closed; flesh yellowish while, 
rather tough, moderately rich, mild subacid; 
good, or perhaps a little above. 
C'orbuire, No. 6. 
From the single specimen received, I think 
this the English Russet of Downing ; and, 
if it suceeds well in Minnesota, she need 
have no fears of a reputation for fruit 
growing! 
R««l nml Green Swpi'i, IS. 
Not the Red and Green Sweet of the 
books, but a small, roundish conical apple, 
tale yellow next the stem, and vermilliou 
red toward calyx; a tough,dry, sweet flesh; 
good for stock, or possibly for the making of 
apple butter. 
Melvin’w Blush, 20. 
Fruit below medium, oblate, ribbed at 
apex; dull greenish yellow, with a brownish 
blush in sun; stem short; cavity russetted; 
caly closed ; flesh white, crisp, half tender; 
.»• fiivtoacid; good. 
Wy Mali twin, 19. 
A conical apple, rather below medium 
size, very regular; dull greenish yellow in 
shade, reddish brown blush in sun; flesh 
greenish white, tender, very mild, almost 
sweet, pleasant; good to almost very good. 
Seedling No. 17. 
Tliis is doubtless Wmesap, although 
the samples are small. The Winesap is a 
variety wo have always put into a list of 
twenty kinds for all Western orchards. It 
is not of first quality for the table; but in 
January and February it becomes mellow, 
and most people like it. For cider it has 
few superiors, while as a hardy tree and a 
great bearer few equal it. 
Eiir.’inilii, nr Seedling, 48. 
Mr. Brand writes:—“This is supposed to 
be a hybridbut I can see nothing in the 
fruit to indicate any such conclusion. It is 
below medium size, roundish, slightly oblate, 
a pale yellow, ground marbled with pinkish 
red; stem long, slender; cavity open, smooth 
and regular; calyx closed; basin broad, flat, 
uneven; flesh yellowish white, crisp, break¬ 
ing, tender, subacid, rich; very good when 
well ripened. 1 have no doubt it is a fine 
table apple, and worthy culture. 
Younslovo, 15, 
A small, or below medium, sized apple, 
evidently of the Calville class; roundish, 
ribbed, pale yellow, with brownish red in 
Bim; stem long and slender; calyx closed; 
basin broad, deep and uneven; flesh half 
coarse, tender, pleasant., mild subacid; good. 
QurIcci’m’ Winter C’rnb. 46. 
Of good fair size, for a crab, which it may 
possibly be, hut 1 should want to examine 
the tree ere I so decided. It is oblate in form, 
yellow, with faint marblings of red in the 
& sun; stem slender; calyx closed; basin broad 
aL and uneven; flesh, white crisp; unpleasant 
acid. 
: £v Itnscn, 29. 
A roundish, conical apple, below medium 
size, greenish yellow, with a brown red 
shade in sun ; scattering light dots; stem 
slender; calyx closed; basin corrugated; 
flesh yellowish white, tender, rather dry, but 
,J\ pleasant, and yet void of any flavor or 
Something odd, either in form or color of 
leaves, is a sufficient recommendation for 
any new plant at the present time. We 
have had for many years variegated and 
cut-leaved maples, beeches, birches, lindens, 
and horsechestnuts, and now the oaks have 
come in for their share of striping and cut¬ 
ting. A few days since we were shown 
several dozen very handsome specimens of 
two new varieties of oak. One had dark 
green leaves, the borders of which were 
pure silvery white; the leaves of the other 
sort were cut up into small linear divisions, 
resembling some of our common ferns. A 
leaf of each variety is shown in the accom¬ 
panying illustration. We believe these two 
new oaks are of Japanese origin, but, so far 
as known, they promise to succeed admira¬ 
bly in our climate, and we doubt not will 
prove to be a very valuable acquisition to 
the list of select ornamental trees, of which 
we have many, but still room for more. 
FILBERT CULTURE 
The culture of the foreign species of Fil¬ 
bert ( CoryluH) in this country has not been, 
upon the whole, a success. We have often 
seen specimens in nurseries, as well as in 
private gardens, that appeared to do well for 
a few years, but eventually they were at¬ 
tacked by a species of blight, which destroy¬ 
ed them. About twenty years ago an Eng¬ 
lish gentleman living in Brooklyn, N. Y., 
imported a number of the very best varie¬ 
ties, and planted about an acre of the trees. 
For about ten years they made a rapid 
growth, and were perfectly healthy, bearing 
heavy crops annually, but the blight ap¬ 
peared about tin’s time, and soon destroyed 
all the old specimens, some of which were 
six inches in diameter and ten feet high. 
We procured plants from this same stock, 
and elsewhere, and for a few years they 
promised well; but they all have passed 
aw r ay before a disease which seems to be in¬ 
curable. We have grown the trees upon 
both clay and sandy soils, also upon loam 
and gravel, but upon none has our success 
been of long duration. If any of our read¬ 
ers have succeeded better than we have, will 
they please give us the facts in relation to 
soil, culture and climate? If we must de¬ 
pend upon our native species, as with the 
grape and gooseberries, then it is time that 
some of our arboriculturists made a begin¬ 
ning toward producing now and improved 
varieties. 
Rcuovniliia: Old Oi-cliartla. 
IIow many thousands of acres are occu¬ 
pied by more than worthless fruit trees. 
Orchards here have stood bearing fruit, 
of which no use can be made, for the last 
half century. Many have resorted to top 
grafting, but the task of forming a head by 
this process Is so laborious that one’s courage 
shrinks at the idea. Now what shall we do ? 
Cut them down altogether, aud plant a new, 
good fruit in their stead, or adopt the follow¬ 
ing:—I am experimenting with one of these 
“old settlers.” I cut off all the branches, as 
smoothly as possible, dose to the main trunk. 
New shoots start and grow amazingly fast 
after such a heading in. When one year old, 
1 thin out and graft,, ami by a free snekering, 
I get a well formed head. 1 mistrust such a 
tree will be short .lived. Numerous shoots 
will spring up about the roots of the parent 
tree. I select one, graft it, and keep the rest 
cut short, and should the main trunk soon 
decay, I expect to have a thrifty young tree 
in Its stead. Why not ?— Trumbull, Greens- 
burgh, Ohio. 
a clear lake red cheek in sun; flesh white, 
spongy, good ; mild subaoid. 
Dorrauce Bivcei, 2. 
This is known to mens Sweet Russet, and 
originally came from the old Coxe’s Nursery 
under that name; but it is not identical with 
any described in the books. 
Dnrrnni!c Pippin, I. 
This apple, i think, is Boisdorfer, but the 
specimens are too imperfect to decide. 
We give descriptions only of those varie¬ 
ties which Mr. Elliott seems to think have 
any merit. The following are those which 
he does not think are particularly valuable 
or worth propagation:—Seedling Sweet, No, 
83. Not valuable. No. 85, a small apple 
with an unpleasant hut not sharp acid. Cor¬ 
delia, sharp subaoid, not quite good. No. 
14, small and dry, tough flesh full of bitter 
rot. No. 41, small, flesh tough and gritty. 
Elgin Crab, 42, not a true crab, but seedling 
of Pyrus Mains; flesh spongy and tough. 
No. 36, flesh tough, hardly good. No. 30, 
small, acid and tasteless. No. 87, small, prob¬ 
ably good for cider or cooking. No. 32, 
small, tough, hardly good. No. 31, a di¬ 
minutive representative of Iiibston Pippin. 
Mottled, 56, a liliputian representative of 
Fallawater. No. 31, a diminutive specimen 
ofReinette Canada. Hope, 21, tough, spongy, 
acid. No. 22, small, totlgh, should not be 
propagated. Woodland Crab, 43, dry and 
worthless. Norton’s, 40, supposed to be a 
seedling crab; not sufficiently distinct, al¬ 
though passabl 3 r good. Fellus Winter Crab, 
44, bitter and worthless. Holcah, unpleas¬ 
ant, poor, acid flavor. 
it, so that it is rather scarce at present, but 
all that come to sec mine admire them. 
Biloxi, Lu., Nov. o. Uriah Cousins. 
Tiie fruit above referred to came duly to 
hand. Thanks. The lemon was a monster, 
the largest we ever saw, measuring eighteen 
inches in circumference longitudinally, by 
fifteen inches at light angles thereto. We 
have seen larger oranges in this market than 
the large one sent ns. Tim Mandarin oranges 
were of excellent tlavw^ But lor its enor¬ 
mous size and the' gv&Kt space an engraving 
of the lemon would have occupied, v T e 
should have presented our readers with a 
portrait of it. 
Applet from Riiwijia. 
Tfte Commissioner of Agriculture has re¬ 
ceived four hundred varieties of apples from 
Russia, which he has had collected there by 
the best pomologisLs of that country, for the 
purpose of trial in the Northern and North¬ 
western States. Grafts of these will lie at 
once distributed to nurserymen and others, 
for propagation and introduction. The de¬ 
mand which already exists in the extreme 
Northwest for hardy varieties of the apple, 
albeit many Russian varieties are already in¬ 
troduced, will render this action acceptable. 
tncmirb 
TRIMMING APPLE TREES, 
Seeing in the Rural New-Yorker, 
some lime ago, that the fall was the host 
time to trim apple trees to make them bear, 
I would like to know if it will do any time 
this mouth or the first of next, and if not, 
when is the right Tune. — A Subscriber, 
Like all other horticultural operations, 
WAX ON GRAPE VINES 
We use no wax of any kind in grafting 
the grape vine, believing it tube injurious. 
In a late number of the Country Gentleman 
we noticed an article on grafting the grape, 
by W. II. Coleman, who says that his part¬ 
ner had tried fall grafting the vine after the 
plan recommended by Mr. Fuller, (see 
"Grape Cultuiist,” page 67,) but it was a 
failure. From the manner in which lie 
refers to another system,we presume wax -was 
used in the first iustance, although it is not 
recommended by Mr. Fuller, but quite the 
contrary. It is certainly very strange that 
full grafting of the vine should be so suc¬ 
cessful I}’ performed by some scores of men 
and not by others. The secret of success is 
not in the system, but iu the way the opera¬ 
tion is performed. 
POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP. 
Ileurre tic Caen Pear, 
In recent notes on fruits received, 1 made 
tliis as Identical with the old Brown Beurre. 
In doing so, I followed Downing, and my 
own judgment of the fruit, as compared with 
my memory of Brown Beurre, having then 
no specimen of ihe latter with which to 
compare. A letter from my friends, Ell- 
wanger A Barry, corrects me as follows: 
“It is a variety of the Brown Beurre. The 
fruit with us lias been, almost invariably, 
more or less red, which the old B. Beurre 
has not. We obtained it from Rivers, in 
whose catalogue it is printed in italics, as 
one of the ‘ few most desirable hardy varie¬ 
ties.’ ”— F. R. Elliott. 
ROT IN GRAPES. 
A CORRESPONDENT of tiie Cincinnati Ga¬ 
zette says“ I have used sulphur more 
than twenty years, and with benefit, to pre¬ 
vent rot. Rot is not caused by a fungus, as 
some suppose, but is caused by some insect 
puncturing tiie grapes, whether to deposit 
their eggs or not, I don’t know, but we pre¬ 
sume it is for that purpose; yet I never suc¬ 
ceeded iu finding any eggs or worms in a 
rotted grape. Well, says one, how do you 
know they have been stung by an insect? 
Because I have seen the puncture and a jet 
of juice which had oozed out. Whenever 
you find a grape that is stung, tie a string to 
it, (for a mark so as to find it,) and watch 
the result. After a longer or shorter period 
it will turn whitish around the place where 
stung, and finally black, and continue to 
spread until tbe whole grape is rotted. If at 
any time w ith a sharp knife you cut out the 
black spot, the remainder of the grape will 
grow and ripen, thus proving there is no de¬ 
fect in the vine. Upon tliis discovery was 
based the sulphur remedy for the rot, being 
distasteful to all the insect tribe. Fumiga¬ 
tions witli sulphur in the evening is better 
than the dust, as 1 think the depredators 
work at night. I have no certain knowledge 
of the enemy, but always find a few large 
yellow bugs on the vines when the grapes 
are rotting — they are very shy fellows. 
Whether friend or foe I know not, but kill 
them when I find them.” 
Large Lemon ami Oranaos from Louisiana. 
According to promise, 1 tliis day mail to 
you one package containing one large lemon, 
oue large and three Mandarin oranges. The 
lemon and large orange are not so large by 
about one-third as they usually are, owing to 
tiie excessive dry weather that we have had 
the last four months. We had some rain on 
the 5lh inst., but no benefit to the fruit. 
The lemon was brought, to New Orleans 
from the South of France, some twenty 
years ago—two small plants. One v'as sold 
to a nurseryman for $35; tiie other a friend 
of mine received, and from him I received a 
small plant, and have propagated from it 
largely. I have plants in pots, only twelve 
or eighteen inches high, with fruit on them. 
