46 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. II, No. i 
No. 239-4-3-6 is what is known as a Holstein pattern, a cream-white 
basal color blotched with large masses of black. Transverse sections 
through the black areas show that the pigmentation scheme is similar to 
that already seen in the black areas of varieties above mentioned—namely, 
a rose-red anthocyanin filling the upper half or two-thirds of all the pig¬ 
mented cells and a blue alkaline anthocyanin deposited in only a limited 
number of these cells. The cells destitute of this latter pigment are in 
small clusters of two to five and do not make up more than one-tenth of 
the colored areas of the pigment layer. Here, also, a mottling of the 
seed coat would result were it not obscured by the intense color obtained 
from the heavy pigmentation of this layer. In the basal-color layer we 
come to a variation that has not previously been observed. Portions of 
this layer underlying the heavily pigmented palisade cells, which give 
the black areas to the seed coat, are very heavily loaded with a dense 
yellow granular pigment, but where the basal-color layer underlies unpig- 
mented or cream-white areas this pigment is either wholly lacking or 
consists of a mere trace. Where this pigment is present in large quan¬ 
tities it is massed in the upper cells of the layer and is a decided copper 
color, whereas the lower cells are, when the pigment is present at all, a 
pale lemon yellow. 
A still more interesting departure from normal structure is found in 
the white areas of the palisade layer. In the black areas these cells are 
quite regular, both in form and in the gradual tapering of the cell cavity. 
But in the white or cream-white areas, although most of them are approxi¬ 
mately regular, occasional cells, two or three together, show the strongly 
contorted form and the erratic spreading of the cell cavity, which were 
previously noticed in the albino cowpeas. In other words, in these 
cream-colored areas we find a duplication of the structure of the cells, as 
well as of color, that was discovered in certain cream-colored cowpeas 
previously described. Roughly estimated, 10 per cent of the cells of 
the white areas of this hybrid cowpea show this striking contortion in 
form and erratic spreading of the cell cavity. There is therefore seen 
to be a very strong contrast in structure, as well as in color, between the 
black and the white areas of this variety. This hybrid is the product of 
a Watson No. 5 crossed upon a Taylor No. 14, third generation. 
Cowpea No. 227-5-^0-17 has a color scheme of the Watson type. 
It is a pale-buff basal color, irregularly streaked with a purple black. 
The colored palisade cells are extremely dense with pigment, often 
appearing almost black. The quantity, however, varies greatly, some 
cells being practically pigment-free. This results in an irregular colora¬ 
tion of the seed coat. The pigment is an intense indigo-blue alkaline 
anthocyanin, with no trace of the rose-colored acid anthocyanin. There 
is also no melaninlike pigment in this layer. The cells are extremely 
irregular, the amount of contortion being greater than that of any 
variety previously mentioned. The cell cavity is also irregular, being 
