276 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. II, No. 4 
III. GIBBERELLA Sacc. 
Gibberella Saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc. 
Gibberella Saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., 1S79, tn Michelia, v. 1, no. 5, p. 513. 
Gibberella cyanogena (Desm.) Sacc,, 18S3, Syll. Fung., v. 2, p. 555. 
Gibberella Saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., Sorokine, 1890, tn Trudy Obshch. Estestv. I. Kazansk. Univ., t, 22, 
vyp.3,32 P-, i pl- 
GibberellaSaubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., Selby, 1898, in Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 97, p. 40-42, fig. 4. 
Gibberella tntici P. Henn., 1902, tn Hedwigia, Bd. 41, Heft 6, p. 301. 
Fusarium roseum autorum. 
Fusarium rostratum App. and Wollenw., 1910, tn Arb. Biol. Anst. f. Band- u. Forstw., Bd. 8, Heft r, p. 30. 
Fusarium tropicalis Rehm, 1898, in Hedwigia, Bd. 37, Heft 4, p. 194, is probably a synonym of G. Sau- 
bvnetiu 
Diagnosis.—Perithecial stage: Perithecia scattered or gregarious, ovoid to subconical 
free on the surface of the host as well as embedded in mycelium, or on a tubercular 
plectenchymatic stroma, which may either push in spserostilbe-like bodies through 
the surface of the host or remain endophytic, 150 to 250 by 100 to 250/4. Peridium 
smooth and small celled at the basal part, but large-celled, verrucose occasionally, 
with protuberancelike projections of cell groups near the apical end, black to the 
unaided eye (turning red brown with acid reaction), dark blue with transmitted 
light except the almost colorless often rather prominent beak; asci up to over a hundred 
in each perithecium, intermixed with a few celled paraphyses; ascospores, 8 in one 
row or irregularly in two rows, subdorsiventral, fusiform slightly curved, tapering at 
the ends, ochreous in masses; largely 3-septate, 20 to 30 by 3.75 to 4.25/4 (up to 5/4 
diameter in germination, indicated by a constriction at the septa). 
Conidial stage.—In shape the conidia resemble the section Discolor of Fusarium, 
and are closely related to Fusarium culmorum , but differ in being longer, more slender, 
and less developed in septation; conidia 3- to 5-septate, 30 to 60 by 4.75 to 5.50/4, 
ochreous in mass. Plectenchyma often carmine red, turning yellow in the presence of 
acid. No true chlamydospores. F. culmorum , on the other hand, has chlamydo- 
spores in intercalated chains and clusters. 
Habitat.—This description is made from a strain isolated from a wheat kernel that 
failed to germinate (Dahlem, near Berlin, 1909). The following distribution is based 
on comparative pure-culture studies of fungi isolated from various hosts from different 
regions. It was found widely distributed within the Temperate Zone, causing scab 
disease of different kinds of cereals, especially wheat, emmer, rye, oats, spelt, and 
com in Germany, Russia, Italy, and probably elsewhere. It has been isolated from 
berries of Solanum tuberosum at Friedenau, near Berlin, Germany, by the writer, 
and from sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) in storage by Mr. C. A. Ludwig, Lafayette, 
Ind. 
According to Saccardo (Michelia, v. i,no. 5, p. 513, 1879) the fungus also occurs on 
dead stems of Conium, Phytolacca, Cannabis, Curcurbita, Convolvulus, Clematis, 
Beta, Angelica, Stipa, Gyneria, Asparagus, and Scirpus, and on branches of Gledit- 
schia, Rosa, Robinia, Juglans, Fraxinus, Ulmus, Coronilla, Rubus, and Buxus in 
France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Great Britain, Spain, Belgium, Algeria, North Amer¬ 
ica, and Australia. A. D. Selby, in his “ Brief handbook of the diseases of cultivated 
plants'' (Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 214, p. 454,1910), adds clover (Trifolium) and alfalfa 
(Medicago) as new hosts. Some of these statements, however, seem to be merely 
based on the presence of the conidial stage, to which different names have been given, 
such as Fusarium roseum Link, F. kerbarum (Corda) Fr., and F, rostrdtum App. and 
Wollenw. 
This characteristic fungus, Gibberella Saubinetii (Pis. XIV, figs D-G , 
XVI, fig. 0 ), is widely distributed on cereals. Sorokine (1890) and Selby 
(1898) illustrated it well and many authors described its life cycle. Since 
